Core Microbiota Drive the Prevalence of Extracellular Antibiotic Resistome in the Water Compartments

Unlike intracellular chromosome, extracellular DNA (eDNA) may accelerate the spreading of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through natural transformation, but one of the core issues regarding to the taxonomic characterization of eDNA in the complex water environments is largely unknown. Hence, Illumina Miseq sequencing was used to identify the genotype of eDNA from wastewater (WW), river water (RW) and stormwater (SW) runoff. High-throughput qPCR targeting 384 genes was implemented to detect extracellular ARGs (eARGs) and mobile genetic elements (eMGEs). We obtained 2,708,291 high quality sequences from 66 eDNA samples. The SW exhibited the significant higher Shannon Index. Subsequently, we identified 34 core bacteria sources of eDNA widely distributed in the three water compartments. Among which, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Limnohabitans, Burkholderiaceae_unclassified, Methylotenera and Acinetobacter were the most prevalent. A total of 302 eARGs and eMGEs were detected, suggesting that eDNA is an important antibiotic resistance reservoir. Among the 127 shared genes of the three groups, 15 core resistance genes were filtered, including IS6100, sul1 NEW, intI1, ISPps1-pseud, aac3-Via, qacH_351 and ISSm2-Xanthob. The Procrustes analysis and Variance Partitioning Analysis (VPA) demonstrated that core bacteria and MGEs were significantly correlated with eARGs. These results suggested that the occurrence and changes of eARGs in the water compartments may be largely attributed to the core microbiota and eMGEs.

A Study on the Effect of Soil and Sediment Types on the Fugacity Based Multimedia Partitioning of a Contact Fungicide Fluopyram: An Equilibrium Quality Criterion (EQC) Level 1 Approach

Equilibrium Quality Criterion (EQC) Level I calculations have been performed with Standard Equilibrium Quality Criterion (EQC) environment to study the environmental partitioning of a fungicide Fluopyram. Equilibrium Quality Criterion (EQC) Level I calculation assumes no degradation of the chemical, steady-state, and equilibrium conditions between the environmental compartments. The results reveal that the concentration of Fluopyram is expected to be maximum in the sediment compartment, followed by soil and water compartments. The effect of soil and sediment types on partitioning has been studied by systematically varying the densities of these two compartments. In the sediment compartment, the Fluopyram concentration is predicted to be highest if the sediment type is ‘sandy’ and the soil type is ‘clay’.

The body water compartments in women with preeclampsia in the peripartum period

Background. Preeclampsia in pregnant women is a threatening condition that causes significant water imbalance, particularly hyperhydration of the extracellular fluid compartment. The condition is the result of the main pathogenetic processes — endothelial dysfunction and the subsequent development of hypoproteinemia. The changes can be detected by measuring body water compartments. Objective: to investigate the effect of a standard intensive care on the body water compartment indicators in women with moderate to severe preeclampsia. Materials and methods. Ninety patients divided into three groups were examined: non-pregnant healthy women, pregnant women with healthy pregnancy, and women whose pregnancy was complicated by moderate to severe preeclampsia. Body water compartments were measured by non-invasive bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results. Pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia is accompanied by an increase in total fluid volume at 34–40 weeks due to an increase in both the extracellular and intracellular water compartments, but with a predominance of the extracellular compartment. By the 7th day of the postpartum period, there is a tendency to decrease the total fluid volume, however, interstitial and intracellular edema can be still observed. Conclusions. The results of the bioelectrical impe-dance analysis of the body water compartments show that additional methods of treatment are needed to correct the body water compartments in women with preeclampsia.

In-Season Body Composition Effects in Professional Women Soccer Players

This study aimed to analyze anthropometric and body composition effects in professional soccer women players across the early and mid-competitive 2019/20 season. Seventeen players (age, height, body mass, and body mass index of 22.7 ± 6.3 years, 167.5 ± 5.6 cm, 60.7 ± 6.6 kg and 21.6 ± 0.2 kg/m2) from a Portuguese BPI League team participated in this study. The participants completed ≥80% of 57 training sessions and 13 matches. They were assessed at three points (before the start of the season (A1), after two months (A2), and after four months (A3)) using the following variables: body fat mass (BFM), soft lean mass (SLM), fat-free mass (FFM), intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW), total body water (TBW), and phase angle (PhA, 50 Khz), through InBody S10. Nutritional intake was determined through a questionnaire. Repeated measures ANCOVA and effect sizes (ES) were used with p < 0.05. The main results occurred between A1 and A2 for BFM (−21.7%, ES = 1.58), SLM (3.7%, ES = 1.24), FFM (4%, ES = 1.34), ICW (4.2%, ES = 1.41), TBW (3.7%, ES = 1.04). Furthermore, there were significant results between A1 and A3 for FFM (4.8%, ES = 1.51), ICW (5%, ES = 1.68), and PhA (10.4%, ES = 6.64). The results showed that the water parameters improved over time, which led to healthy hydration statuses. The training load structure provided sufficient stimulus for appropriate physical fitness development, without causing negative disturbances in the water compartments.

Carbon Cycling in Mangrove Ecosystem of Western Bay of Bengal (India)

Carbon cycling in the mangrove ecosystem is one of the important processes determining the potential of coastal vegetation (mangroves), sediment, and adjoining waters to carbon absorption. This paper investigates the carbon storage capacity of five dominant mangrove species (Avicenia marina, Avicenia officinalis, Excoecaria agallocha, Rhizophora mucronata, and Xylocarpous granatum) on the east coast of the Indian mangrove along with the role they play in the carbon cycling phenomenon. Soil and water parameters were analyzed simultaneously with Above Ground Biomass (AGB) and Above Ground Carbon (AGC) values for 10 selected stations along. The total carbon (TC) calculated from the study area varied from 51.35 ± 6.77 to 322.47 ± 110.79 tons per hectare with a mean total carbon of 117.89 ± 28.90 and 432.64 ± 106.05 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e). The alarm of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for reducing carbon emissions has been addressed by calculating the amount of carbon stored in biotic (mangroves) and abiotic (soil and water) compartments. This paper focuses on the technical investigations on the factors that control the carbon cycling process in mangroves. This blue carbon will help policymakers to develop a sustainable relationship between marine resource management and coastal inhabitants so that carbon trading markets can be developed, and the ecosystem is balanced.

Pronounced Water Age Partitioning Between Arid Andean Aquifers and Fresh-Saline Lagoon Systems

&lt;p&gt;The challenge of deciphering connections between groundwater systems and surface water bodies and by extension connections to hydroclimate represent major unsolved questions in the hydrology community. Within the UPH framework, under the Interfaces in hydrology theme, this includes aspects of both questions &lt;em&gt;twelve&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;thirteen&lt;/em&gt;. In arid regions, disentangling these processes is an especially difficult challenge due to the large spatial and temporal scales over which these systems are integrated. Yet we must improve our understanding if we are to use water sustainably in these landscapes. In the dry Andes, very deep water tables develop groundwater flow paths with long transit times, often crossing topographic boundaries before emerging at basin floors. These factors combined with the complex evaporite stratigraphy in which surface and groundwaters interact make it quite difficult to close water budgets and quantify groundwater fluxes across hydrological boundaries. As a result, many fundamental questions about connections across these interfaces remain unresolved. This study presents a novel examination of processes controlling fluxes across critical boundaries (groundwater recharge, inter-catchment flow, and riparian/stream/aquifer exchange) by employing a comprehensive set of ~150 &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;H samples from waters across the entire dry Andes paired with a large dataset (&gt;1,500 samples) of &lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O, &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;H in water and dissolved major ions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We present an integrated process-based conceptual framework describing the dominant controls on water compartment connections intrinsic to these arid mountain systems. The large range in mean transit times and the persistence of hydrologic features here allow for reliable delineation of multiple distinct source and flow path groupings. Repeat sampling over several years provides further constraints on connections between these compartments and the modern hydroclimate. Our results outline a few novel findings regarding the hydrological attributes of these environments: i) most of the water sustaining both the regional and local hydrological systems is old (0-10 % modern and 100-10000 yrs old) yet modern water (days-10 yrs old) is critical to sustaining many surface water bodies. ii) transit time distributions in specific water compartments (Groundwaters, Springs, Streams, Saline lagoons, and Vegas) are remarkably stable over time and show consistent patterns across the entire plateau; iii) the existence of surface water bodies and their connection to groundwater compartments is regulated by persistent hydrological features (regional flow paths, hydrogeology, fresh-saline interfaces); and iv) sharp divergence in mean residence and transit time of source waters occurs over very short spatial scales (&lt;&lt;1km). &amp;#160;By describing water age distributions and geochemical attributes of these features we define the dominant controls on several discrete water compartments and delineate clear distinctions between long-term average source waters and the decoupling of modern hydroclimate from the hydrologic system as a whole. This analysis represents a significant advancement in our understanding of controls on fluxes across boundaries in arid mountainous regions and freshwater-salt lagoon systems. An improved understanding of the primary controls on water source and transport will allow us to better protect communities and fragile ecosystems from the most damaging potential impacts of water extraction in these environments.&lt;/p&gt;

Statistical downscaling of GRACE products to improve spatial resolution

&lt;p&gt;The satellite missions Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On record the change in the gravity field, which is then related to water mass redistribution near the Earth's surface and disseminated as monthly fields of Total Water Storage Change (TWSC). GRACE products effectively&amp;#160;carry signal information only above spatial scales of about 300 km, which limits their application in regional hydrological applications. At present, several GRACE products are available at 0.5&amp;#176; or 1&amp;#176; grid cells, but they are only an interpolated version of the coarse resolution GRACE products and do not offer additional physical information.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this study we implement a statistical downscaling approach that assimilates high resolution TWSC fields from the WaterGAP hydrology model (WGHM), precipitation fields from 3 models, evapotranspiration and runoff from 2 models, with GRACE data to improve its resolution. The downscaled product exploits dominant common statistical modes between all the datasets to inform the estimates of TWSC. An improvement in the spatial resolution is obtained from using WGHM that incorporates the geometry of various water compartments and simulates spatio-temporal changes in TWSC due to climate forcing, land use land cover change, and human intervention. Therefore, the downscaled product at a 0.5&amp;#176; grid is able to capture physical attributes of water compartments at a spatial resolution better than the available GRACE products.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

P0310FLUID OVERLOAD AND MARKERS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DAMAGE IN SEVERE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

Background and Aims One of the major symptoms of severe nephrotic syndrome is fluid retention. Fluid overload can induce cardiovascular damage. NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide) and hsTnT (high sensitivity troponin T) are well known markers of this disorder. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between volumes of body water compartments and markers of cardiovascular damage in patients with severe nephrotic syndrome (SNS) defined as nephrotic range proteinuria and hypalbuminaemia ≤ 2.5 g/dl. Method 40 patients with SNS and eGFR &gt;30 ml/min/1.73m2 formed the study group (SNSG) and 40 healthy volunteers without SNS matched according to age, sex, height, body mass and kidney function formed the control group (CG). In all participants serum creatinine, serum albumin concentration, daily proteinuria, hsTnT and NT-proBNP were measured. Body water compartments such as extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), total body water (TBW), overhydration (OH) were assessed using Body Composition Monitor, Fresenius Medical Care. For statistical analysis Spearman’s correlation coefficients, chi2 or Mann-Whitney U tests were used (Statistica v 13.1). Results SNSG included 28 males (70%) and 12 females. Median age was 55 years (IQR 30-65), the mean daily proteinuria was 10.5 ±5.0 g. The characteristics of the study parameters in two groups are described in the table. Significantly higher hsTnT (18 vs 6 ng/l, p=0.0001) and NT-proBNP (294.8 vs 47.1 pg/ml, p=0.0003) levels were observed in the severe nephrotic syndrome group in comparison (SNSG) to CG. In SNSG extracellular water was significantly higher (20.9 ±5,2 vs 17.4 ±3.3 L, p=0.001) and intracellular water (ICW) was significantly lower (18.9 ±5.2 vs 21.4 ±4.8 L, p=0.034) in comparison to CG. Interestingly total body water (TBW) did not differ between the groups (39.8 ±8.6 vs 38.8 ±7.7 L, p=0.603). Also overhydration which is a derivative of ECW, was higher in SNSG (OH: 4.2 vs 0.3 L, p&lt;0.0001) than in CG. Significant, positive correlation was observed between OH and NT-proBNP (R=0.56, p&lt;0.0001) as well as hsTnT (R=0.60, p&lt;0.0001). We did not observed significant correlation between ECW and NT-proBNP or hsTnT. Conclusion In the severe nephrotic syndrome group fluid retention was associated with the increase in ECW and the decrease in ICW whereas TBW was the same in both groups. Such constellation can indicate for intracellular underhydration which was not describe so far. Overhydration, which is a derivative of ECW, positively correlated with markers of cardiovascular damage and can be important for patients with resistant SNS and can influence their prognosis.