Some New Historical Evidence on the Impact of Affirmative Action: Detroit, 1972

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hyclak ◽  
Larry W. Taylor ◽  
James B. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Hiring Practices ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Detroit Area ◽  
The Impact

A sample of Detroit area firms in 1972 is used to determine the effects of affirmative action requirements and other firm characteristics on the recruitment and hiring of women and black men. The results suggest that affirmative action changed firm hiring practices with respect to black males. The unique data set also allows for a test of Becker's well-known hypothesis that customer prejudice may influence the hiring of blacks or females.

Agglomeration and Firm Performance: Economies of Scale, Localisation, and Urbanisation among Swedish Export Firms

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Malmberg ◽  
Bo Malmberg ◽  
Per Lundequist
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Scale Economies ◽  
Agglomeration Economies ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Industrial Districts ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
The Impact

In the 1990s, there has been an increase in interest in the spatial agglomeration of similar and related firms and industries. The recent literature is, however, marked by a lack of balance between theoretical development and empirical validation of the importance of agglomeration economies. Our aim in this paper is to redress the balance by assessing empirically the impact of various types of agglomeration economies on export performance. Our study is based on a unique data set including all Swedish export firms. We find that localisation economies are not as important as recent theoretical contributions on industrial districts, new industrial spaces, and innovative milieus have led us to believe. Instead, traditional scale economies, together with urbanisation economies, have a larger effect on export performance.

scholarly journals The Modelling of Pedestrian Vehicle Interaction for Post-Exiting Behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Pellacini ◽  
Peter Lawrence ◽  
Edwin Galea
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
The People ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Impact

During a major evacuation of high capacity buildings, such as a tower block or transportation hub, the emergency services will need to consider the safety of the people within the vicinity of the emergency. However, in general, when assessing the safety of a building for evacuation only the behaviour within the building is considered. One method of assessing this is to utilise a computer based simulation tool. This research outlines a number of developments required to simulate the impact of traffic on the evacuation process in an urban environment in relation to post-exiting behaviour. It uses a unique data set and model capabilities for representing pedestrian-vehicle interaction post-evacuation, which also considers the impact of time pressures on decision making. In addition, a number of software developments and pedestrian behaviours are identified for bridging the behavioural gaps when interfacing an emergency pedestrian model with a traffic simulation.

scholarly journals How COVID-19 Have Changed Crowdfunding: Evidence From GoFundMe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junda Wang ◽  
Xupin Zhang ◽  
Jiebo Luo
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

While the long-term effects of COVID-19 are yet to be determined, its immediate impact on crowdfunding is nonetheless significant. This study takes a computational approach to more deeply comprehend this change. Using a unique data set of all the campaigns published over the past two years on GoFundMe, we explore the factors that have led to the successful funding of a crowdfunding project. In particular, we study a corpus of crowdfunded projects, analyzing cover images and other variables commonly present on crowdfunding sites. Furthermore, we construct a classifier and a regression model to assess the significance of features based on XGBoost. In addition, we employ counterfactual analysis to investigate the causality between features and the success of crowdfunding. More importantly, sentiment analysis and the paired sample t-test are performed to examine the differences in crowdfunding campaigns before and after the COVID-19 outbreak that started in March 2020. First, we note that there is significant racial disparity in crowdfunding success. Second, we find that sad emotion expressed through the campaign's description became significant after the COVID-19 outbreak. Considering all these factors, our findings shed light on the impact of COVID-19 on crowdfunding campaigns.

scholarly journals A Time to Build

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Chami ◽  
Elorm Darkey ◽  
Oral Williams
Keyword(s):  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Time To Build ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

We use a unique data set for 115 countries, from 2000–18, and 5-year non-overlapping averages to explore the impact of technical assitance on revenue mobilization. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first such effort to determine a direct relationship between technical assistance and the improvement in tax revenues. The paper finds that technical assistance significantly and positively increases tax revenues. Both income per capita and openness were found to positively improve the tax ratio in line with findings in the literature. Dynamic estimations also uncovered a long-run relationship among technical assistance, income per capita, openness, and tax revenues. This result further underscores that it takes time to build capacity and institutional resilience.

scholarly journals Lead and Juvenile Delinquency: New Evidence from Linked Birth, School, and Juvenile Detention Records

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Aizer ◽  
Janet Currie
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Juvenile Detention ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence

Using a unique data set linking preschool blood lead levels, birth, school, and detention records for 125,000 children born between 1990 and 2004 in Rhode Island, we estimate the impact of lead on school suspension and juvenile detention. Sibling fixed-effect models suggest that omitted variables related to family disadvantage do not bias OLS estimates. However, measurement error does. We use IV methods that exploit local (within-neighborhood), variation in lead exposure deriving from road proximity and the deleading of gasoline. For boys, a 1 unit increase in lead increased the probability of suspension from school by 6% and detention by 57%.

scholarly journals The impact of the leverage effect on the implied volatility smile: evidence for the German option market

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Rathgeber ◽  
J. Stadler ◽  
S. Stöckl
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Implied Volatility ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Volatility Smile ◽  
Theoretical Derivation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract It is a widely known theoretical derivation, that the firm’s leverage is negatively related to volatility of stock returns, although the empirical evidence is still outstanding. To empirically evaluate the leverage we first complement previous simulation studies by deriving theoretical predictions of leverage changes on the volatility smile. Even more important, we empirically test these predictions with an event study using intra-day Eurex option data and a unique data set of 138 ad-hoc news. For our theoretically derived predictions we observe that changes in leverage of DAX companies from 1999 to 2014 cause significant changes to the implied volatility smile.

On the Competitive and Collaborative Implications of Category Captainship

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Alan ◽  
Jeffrey P. Dotson ◽  
Mümin Kurtuluş
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategy ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Private Label ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Category Captainship ◽  
Joint Consideration ◽  
The Impact

Category captainship (CC) is a retailing practice wherein a retailer collaborates with one of the manufacturers in a product category (referred to as the captain) to develop and implement a category management strategy. Although CC has been studied using both theoretical models and surveys, empirical evidence on the benefits and drawbacks of CC is scarce. The authors use a unique data set collected during a CC implementation to empirically examine the impact of CC on the retailer, the captain, and the other manufacturers in the category. The authors find that both the retailer's private label and the captain benefit from CC because of pricing and assortment changes. They also find that some competing manufacturers benefit from CC while others suffer. Specifically, the manufacturers that closely compete with the captain benefit, whereas the manufacturers that are in close competition with the private label suffer because the retailer protects its private label. The authors show that category sales would have been higher if the retailer had not protected its private label. This study sheds light on how joint consideration of assortment and pricing, the presence of a private label, and product characteristics may influence the outcomes of CC implementations.

Does Government Activism Affect Second-hand Car Prices? Evidence from a Natural Experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Saibal Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Consumption Behaviour ◽  
Policy Experiment ◽  
The Impact

A significant body of literature has focused on the impact of policy changes on consumption behaviour. Most of this literature looks at the impact of anticipated and durable changes, thereby ignoring the impact of unanticipated changes. In this context, exploiting a unique data set for India, the article examines the impact of a temporary ‘odd–even’ policy experiment in Delhi on second-hand car prices. The findings suggest that car prices on average, declined by 2.7 per cent after the policy announcement, although these prices subsequently recouped the initial losses. A disaggregation of car prices in terms of costs indicates that these results are driven by low-priced cars and, additionally, that cars with odd-number ending registrations commanded a premium in the market.

The Impact of Firm Characteristics and IT Governance on IT Material Weaknesses

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-111
Author(s):  
Peiqin Zhang ◽  
Kexin Zhao ◽  
Ram L. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
It Governance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
End Users ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Material Weaknesses ◽  
General Material ◽  
The Impact

Accurate and timely reporting of organizational performance is becoming increasingly important and highly regulated. However, organizations face a variety of challenges in seeking to provide accurate and reliable information due to the existence of IT control problems. Hence it is important for end users including auditors and managers to understand how to manage IT material weaknesses (ITMWs). While there is extensive accounting research on general material weaknesses (MWs), ITMWs are under researched. This article identifies key firm characteristics that appear to be related to ITMWs. In addition, the authors suggest that IT governance may help firms mitigate such problems. To gain a deeper understanding of IT governance effects, this article proposes a model which includes an innovative construct, ITGOV, operationalized using secondary data. The authors empirically validate the proposed model based on a data set of 1,112 firms. Their study illustrates the differences between ITMWs and general MWs. These results can also help end users computing by offering insights into better management of ITMWs.

Educating High School Black Males From Within the #MeToo Movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_part_4) ◽  
pp. 2156759X2110400
Author(s):  
Marc A. Grimmett ◽  
Alishea Rowley ◽  
Regina Gavin Williams ◽  
Cory Clark
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Black Male ◽  
School Counselor ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
School Students ◽  
Male High School ◽  
The Impact

The education of Black male high school students is presently occurring in the context of the #MeToo movement. Recent reports of inappropriate sexual conduct by high profile men, including Black men, have generated heightened awareness, confusion, anxiety, and ambivalence among Black males regarding what behavior is acceptable toward girls and women and related consequences of such behavior. In high school, when identity and interpersonal relationship skills are still relatively early in development, this apparent ambiguity potentially interferes with learning processes, helping to undermine educational equity for Black males. With this mixed-methods documentary intervention research study, we assessed the impact of the short, educational documentary My Masculinity Helps (MMH) on Black male high school students in reducing rape myth acceptance and affirming active bystander attitudes and behaviors. MMH explores the role of Black men and boys in the prevention of sexual violence. Findings suggest that participants developed a more accurate understanding of consent and sexual assault, and more affirmative attitudes toward active bystander behavior, such as helping someone who has been sexually assaulted or wanting to engage in prevention strategies. We provide implications for school counselors using the American School Counselor Association National Model.

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