Agglomeration and Firm Performance: Economies of Scale, Localisation, and Urbanisation among Swedish Export Firms

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Malmberg ◽  
Bo Malmberg ◽  
Per Lundequist
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Scale Economies ◽  
Agglomeration Economies ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Industrial Districts ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
The Impact

In the 1990s, there has been an increase in interest in the spatial agglomeration of similar and related firms and industries. The recent literature is, however, marked by a lack of balance between theoretical development and empirical validation of the importance of agglomeration economies. Our aim in this paper is to redress the balance by assessing empirically the impact of various types of agglomeration economies on export performance. Our study is based on a unique data set including all Swedish export firms. We find that localisation economies are not as important as recent theoretical contributions on industrial districts, new industrial spaces, and innovative milieus have led us to believe. Instead, traditional scale economies, together with urbanisation economies, have a larger effect on export performance.

Impact of exchange rates on exports from India’s sub-national economies

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-184
Author(s):  
Khee Giap Tan ◽  
Sasidaran Gopalan ◽  
Jigyasa Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
National Level ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of real effective exchange rates (REER), both in terms of levels and volatility, on the export performance of India’s sub-national economies, given the recent slowdown in India’s exports. Design/methodology/approach India’s export distribution is highly asymmetric, with 90 percent of India’s exports concentrated in 11 sub-national economies. Exploiting this concentration, this paper constructs a panel data set using available data between 2002 and 2014 to understand the relationship between REER and exports from the top exporting cluster. Moreover, the paper constructs a sub-national competitiveness index to capture the supply capacity of the states. Findings The empirical findings of this paper reveal that a higher REER volatility deters exports and movements in REER do not matter as much as volatility. The most significant finding of the paper is that state competitiveness is the most crucial factor affecting trade. Therefore, policy makers at the state level must lay more emphasis on the supply side such as addressing logistical bottlenecks to help revive exports growth. Originality/value This study makes a departure from the plethora of extant aggregate-level studies by examining the relationship between REER and exports at the sub-national level for India. Considering the highly skewed distribution of India’s exports, the study provides important insights into the exporting patterns and determinants that are at play at the sub-national level.

The Optimal Size of German Child Care Centers and the Impact of Regulation: Estimating the Cost Function of a Regulated Multi-Product Firm

2012 ◽  
Vol 232 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bönisch ◽  
Sven Tagge
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Cost Function ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Cost Curve ◽  
Child Care Centers ◽  
Data Set ◽  
German Child ◽  
Misspecification Error ◽  
The Impact

SummaryUsing a unique data set on German child care centers, we estimate a long-run multi-product cost function for child care provision in Germanywhile taking into account legal minimal labor input restrictions. For a representative child care center we find economies of scale, a U-shaped average cost curve, and indications of diseconomies of scope. The legally stipulated minimum child-to-staff ratio is manifested in a positive Lagrange multiplier, showing that modeling legal restrictions is necessary to avoid misspecification error. Our study provides a useful tool for policymakers in estimating the effects of future demographic change on child care costs.

Specialization as an Organizing Principle: The Case of Ambulatory Surgery Centers

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Carey ◽  
Jean M. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Ambulatory Surgery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ambulatory Surgery Centers ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Specialty Hospitals ◽  
Wide Range

Ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) recently have grown to become the dominant provider of specific surgical procedures in the United States. While the majority of ASCs focus primarily on a single specialty, many have diversified to offer a wide range of surgical specialties. We exploited a unique data set from Pennsylvania for the years 2004 to 2014 to conduct an empirical investigation of the relative cost of production in ASCs over varying degrees of specialization. We found that for the majority of ASCs, focus on a specialty was associated with lower facility costs. In addition, ASCs appeared to be capturing economies of scale over a broad range of service volume. In contrast to studies of cost efficiency in specialty hospitals, our results provide evidence that supports the focused factory model of production in the ASC sector.

scholarly journals The Modelling of Pedestrian Vehicle Interaction for Post-Exiting Behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Pellacini ◽  
Peter Lawrence ◽  
Edwin Galea
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
The People ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Impact

During a major evacuation of high capacity buildings, such as a tower block or transportation hub, the emergency services will need to consider the safety of the people within the vicinity of the emergency. However, in general, when assessing the safety of a building for evacuation only the behaviour within the building is considered. One method of assessing this is to utilise a computer based simulation tool. This research outlines a number of developments required to simulate the impact of traffic on the evacuation process in an urban environment in relation to post-exiting behaviour. It uses a unique data set and model capabilities for representing pedestrian-vehicle interaction post-evacuation, which also considers the impact of time pressures on decision making. In addition, a number of software developments and pedestrian behaviours are identified for bridging the behavioural gaps when interfacing an emergency pedestrian model with a traffic simulation.

scholarly journals How COVID-19 Have Changed Crowdfunding: Evidence From GoFundMe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junda Wang ◽  
Xupin Zhang ◽  
Jiebo Luo
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

While the long-term effects of COVID-19 are yet to be determined, its immediate impact on crowdfunding is nonetheless significant. This study takes a computational approach to more deeply comprehend this change. Using a unique data set of all the campaigns published over the past two years on GoFundMe, we explore the factors that have led to the successful funding of a crowdfunding project. In particular, we study a corpus of crowdfunded projects, analyzing cover images and other variables commonly present on crowdfunding sites. Furthermore, we construct a classifier and a regression model to assess the significance of features based on XGBoost. In addition, we employ counterfactual analysis to investigate the causality between features and the success of crowdfunding. More importantly, sentiment analysis and the paired sample t-test are performed to examine the differences in crowdfunding campaigns before and after the COVID-19 outbreak that started in March 2020. First, we note that there is significant racial disparity in crowdfunding success. Second, we find that sad emotion expressed through the campaign's description became significant after the COVID-19 outbreak. Considering all these factors, our findings shed light on the impact of COVID-19 on crowdfunding campaigns.

scholarly journals A Time to Build

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Chami ◽  
Elorm Darkey ◽  
Oral Williams
Keyword(s):  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Time To Build ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

We use a unique data set for 115 countries, from 2000–18, and 5-year non-overlapping averages to explore the impact of technical assitance on revenue mobilization. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first such effort to determine a direct relationship between technical assistance and the improvement in tax revenues. The paper finds that technical assistance significantly and positively increases tax revenues. Both income per capita and openness were found to positively improve the tax ratio in line with findings in the literature. Dynamic estimations also uncovered a long-run relationship among technical assistance, income per capita, openness, and tax revenues. This result further underscores that it takes time to build capacity and institutional resilience.

scholarly journals Lead and Juvenile Delinquency: New Evidence from Linked Birth, School, and Juvenile Detention Records

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Aizer ◽  
Janet Currie
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Juvenile Detention ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence

Using a unique data set linking preschool blood lead levels, birth, school, and detention records for 125,000 children born between 1990 and 2004 in Rhode Island, we estimate the impact of lead on school suspension and juvenile detention. Sibling fixed-effect models suggest that omitted variables related to family disadvantage do not bias OLS estimates. However, measurement error does. We use IV methods that exploit local (within-neighborhood), variation in lead exposure deriving from road proximity and the deleading of gasoline. For boys, a 1 unit increase in lead increased the probability of suspension from school by 6% and detention by 57%.

scholarly journals The impact of the leverage effect on the implied volatility smile: evidence for the German option market

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Rathgeber ◽  
J. Stadler ◽  
S. Stöckl
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Implied Volatility ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Volatility Smile ◽  
Theoretical Derivation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract It is a widely known theoretical derivation, that the firm’s leverage is negatively related to volatility of stock returns, although the empirical evidence is still outstanding. To empirically evaluate the leverage we first complement previous simulation studies by deriving theoretical predictions of leverage changes on the volatility smile. Even more important, we empirically test these predictions with an event study using intra-day Eurex option data and a unique data set of 138 ad-hoc news. For our theoretically derived predictions we observe that changes in leverage of DAX companies from 1999 to 2014 cause significant changes to the implied volatility smile.

On the Competitive and Collaborative Implications of Category Captainship

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Alan ◽  
Jeffrey P. Dotson ◽  
Mümin Kurtuluş
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategy ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Private Label ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Category Captainship ◽  
Joint Consideration ◽  
The Impact

Category captainship (CC) is a retailing practice wherein a retailer collaborates with one of the manufacturers in a product category (referred to as the captain) to develop and implement a category management strategy. Although CC has been studied using both theoretical models and surveys, empirical evidence on the benefits and drawbacks of CC is scarce. The authors use a unique data set collected during a CC implementation to empirically examine the impact of CC on the retailer, the captain, and the other manufacturers in the category. The authors find that both the retailer's private label and the captain benefit from CC because of pricing and assortment changes. They also find that some competing manufacturers benefit from CC while others suffer. Specifically, the manufacturers that closely compete with the captain benefit, whereas the manufacturers that are in close competition with the private label suffer because the retailer protects its private label. The authors show that category sales would have been higher if the retailer had not protected its private label. This study sheds light on how joint consideration of assortment and pricing, the presence of a private label, and product characteristics may influence the outcomes of CC implementations.

Does Government Activism Affect Second-hand Car Prices? Evidence from a Natural Experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Saibal Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Consumption Behaviour ◽  
Policy Experiment ◽  
The Impact

A significant body of literature has focused on the impact of policy changes on consumption behaviour. Most of this literature looks at the impact of anticipated and durable changes, thereby ignoring the impact of unanticipated changes. In this context, exploiting a unique data set for India, the article examines the impact of a temporary ‘odd–even’ policy experiment in Delhi on second-hand car prices. The findings suggest that car prices on average, declined by 2.7 per cent after the policy announcement, although these prices subsequently recouped the initial losses. A disaggregation of car prices in terms of costs indicates that these results are driven by low-priced cars and, additionally, that cars with odd-number ending registrations commanded a premium in the market.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document