The effectiveness of using a minituber crop for selection of agronomic characters in potato breeding programmes

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gopal ◽  
Raj Kumar ◽  
G. S. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Selection of DNA markers for detection of extreme resistance to potato virus Y in tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) F1 progenies

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Heldák ◽  
M. Bežo ◽  
V. Štefúnová ◽  
A. Galliková
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Extreme Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Solanum Stoloniferum ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Resistant Progeny ◽  
Selection Of

Marker-assisted selection is progressively introduced into potato breeding especially in the case of monogenically inherited traits. Varieties and clones with extreme resistance to potato virus <I>Y</I> (PVY) from German, Hungarian, Polish, Dutch and Slovak breeding programmes were used as female parents in 6 crosses. F<sub>1</sub> progenies were subjected to the bulk segregant analysis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based markers for <I>Ry<sub>sto</sub></I>and <I>Ry<sub>adg</sub></I> viral resistance alleles were used for the evaluation of varieties, clones and seedlings of F<sub>1</sub> progenies. All resistant F<sub>1</sub> genotypes were reliably identified using three molecular markers, STM0003, GP122<sub>718</sub> and GP122<sub>406</sub>, associated with the <I>Ry<sub>sto</sub></I> allele. No genotype corresponded with phenotypic data and <I>Ry<sub>adg</sub></I> markers. <I>Ry<sub>adg</sub></I> and three selected <I>Ry<sub>sto</sub></I> markers were applied to 40 genotypes from an in vitro gene bank and 14 genotypes were recognized to have <I>Ry<sub>sto</sub></I> and none of them possessed <I>Ry<sub>adg</sub></I> Indirect selection is based on DNA polymorphism linked to the extreme resistance to PVY resulting in error when polymorphism is not conserved in all genetic backgrounds. A failure to detect extreme resistance to PVY using the <I>Ry<sub>sto</sub></I> markers in variety Santé, resistant progeny of variety Santé and clone Y01-30 may be linked to recombination events or different<I>Solanum stoloniferum</I> background.

scholarly journals Pemilihan Karakter Agronomi untuk Seleksi pada Galur-galur Padi Dihaploid Hasil Kultur Antera

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gerland Akhmadi ◽  
Bambang Sapta Purwoko ◽  
Iswari Saraswati Dewi ◽  
Dan Desta Wirnas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Genotypic Correlation ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Panicle Weight

Anther culture technique is able to accelerate plant breeding activities. The objectives of this research was to determine the agronomic traits that could be used for selection of the dihaploid rice line population through the calculation of heritability, genotypic correlation, path analysis and selecting dihaploid rice lines. The plant material used was 65 dihaploid rice lines DH 1 of F1 anther culture plants and Ciherang and Inpari 13 as check varieties. Agronomic characters that could be used as selection character are generative plant height, number of filled grain per panicle, the total number of grains per panicle, weight of 1,000 grains, and grain per hill. Twenty three dihaploid lines were selected based good agronomic characters with criteria generative plant height between 80-120 cm, number of filled grains per panicle > 100, number of grains per panicle > 120, weight of 1,000 grains > 20 g, and grain per hill > 25 g.Keywords: anther culture, heritability, agronomic characters

Cultivars and plant improvement.

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-147
Author(s):  
Sisir Mitra
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Storage Life ◽  
Inheritance Pattern ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Long Storage

Abstract The major objectives of guava breeding are aimed at improving both plant and fruit characteristics such as to develop high-yielding, high-quality dwarf cultivars with fruits of uniform shape, good size, attractive skin and pulp colour, fewer and/or soft seeds, resistant to wilt, nematodes and long storage life. Selection of superior seedlings has resulted in the development of a number of cultivars in different countries. This chapter describes the Psidium species used in breeding (Psidium cattleyanum, P. guineense, P. acutangulum, P. friedrichsthalianum, P. angulatum and P. littorale), objectives of breeding programmes, introduction and selection, inheritance pattern, interspecific hybridization, polyploidy, mutation and molecular characterization. Guava cultivars growing in different countries (Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Israel, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand, USA and vietnam) are also described.

scholarly journals Sequence analysis of the mtDNA region correlated with Shaan 2A cytoplasmic male sterility in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Havlíčková ◽  
V. Čurn ◽  
E. Jozová ◽  
V. Kučera ◽  
M. Vyvadilová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Cms Line ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Improved Cultivars ◽  
Hybrid Cultivar ◽  
Fertility Restorers ◽  
Selection Of

Until now in Europe has not been cultivated any hybrid cultivar of oilseed rape based on the Shaan 2A cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), a widely used CMS system in China. The aim of Czech breeders now is to produce new, improved cultivars of rapeseed based on this CMS system. Sterile Shaan 2A CMS line (S; rf/rf), its corresponding maintainers (N; rf/rf) and fertility restorers (S; Rf/Rf) were analyzed on molecular level for the presence of functional CMS cytoplasm. Two new primer pairs covering CMS-associated gene (so called orf224-1) present in Shaan 2A CMS line were developed and selection capability of the developed primers was successfully evaluated. These primers can be used for early selection of plants with functional Shaan 2A CMS system in breeding programmes.

Genetic diversity in sorghum mini-core and elite rainy and post-rainy genotypes of India

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Kuyyamudi Nanaiah Ganapathy ◽  
Sujay Rakshit ◽  
Sunil Shriram Gomashe ◽  
Suri Audilakshmi ◽  
Krishna Hariprasanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Germplasm Accessions ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Nei's Genetic Distance

Knowledge on genetic diversity is necessary to determine the relationships among the genotypes, which allow the selection of individual accessions for crop breeding programmes. The present study aimed at assessing the extent and pattern of genetic diversity within a set of 251 sorghum genotypes using SSR markers. A total of 393 alleles were detected from the 251 genotypes, with the number of alleles ranging from 2 (Xcup11) to 24 (Sb5-206) and an average of 10.07 alleles per primer pair. Pairwise Wright's FST statistic and Nei's genetic distance estimates revealed that the race and geographical origin were responsible for the pattern of diversity and structure in the genetic materials. In addition, the analysis also revealed high genetic differentiation between the rainy and post-rainy sorghum groups. Narrow diversity was observed among the different working groups in the rainy (restorers and varieties) and post-rainy (varieties and advanced breeding lines) sorghum groups. Neighbour-joining and STRUCTURE analysis also classified 44 elite lines broadly into two distinct groups (rainy and post-rainy). However, limited diversity within the rainy and post-rainy sorghum groups warranted an urgent need for the utilization of diverse germplasm accessions for broadening the genetic base of the Indian breeding programme. The diverse germplasm accessions identified from the mini-core accessions for utilization in breeding programmes are discussed.

Selection of individual tubers in potato breeding

1978 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Świeżyński
Keyword(s):  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Selection Of

Policy of selecting bulls to breed bulls

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Sire Evaluation ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Computer Simulation Program ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTIn the breeding of dairy cattle the selection of bulls to breed young bulls for progeny testing is a crucial process. This paper compares several policies for making this selection based on the criteria-selection response, inbreeding depression, loss of genetic variance and variability of response. A number called the ‘effective number of new bulls to breed bulls selected each year’ (NBBe) is defined which is closely related to the last three of these criteria. Past studies of the design of dairy cattle breeding programmes have assumed that selection is within a group of bulls progeny tested in the same year (policy I). However, modern sire evaluation methods allow comparison of sires tested in different years. To evaluate the effect of selecting bulls to breed bulls from all available bulls (policy II) a computer simulation program was used. Policy II results in an increase in the response to selection but a substantial decrease in NBBe. When compared at the same NBBe, policy II results in a smaller selection response than policy I. A policy which allows the best bulls to be used for more than 1 year but which limits the maximum number of years for which they can be used, results in the best compromise. If bulls are to be used for several years there is little advantage to be gained from making more matings within each year to more high-rated bulls or to older, more reliably evaluated bulls.

scholarly journals Genetically resistant sheep avoid parasites to a greater extent than do susceptible sheep

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1620) ◽  
pp. 1839-1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R Hutchings ◽  
K.J Knowler ◽  
R McAnulty ◽  
J.C McEwan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Host Behaviour ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Parasite Avoidance

Livestock breeding programmes have created resistant (R) and susceptible (S) sheep that differ in their ability to control parasites through their immune function but potentially also their grazing behaviour (i.e. parasite avoidance). Using the Perendale genetic lines, we tested the hypothesis that R-sheep avoid parasites more effectively, reducing their parasite exposure/challenge, compared with S-sheep. However, in grazing systems, parasite-rich areas are also forage rich, suggesting that parasite avoidance behaviours are associated with nutritional penalties. We first created a naturally heterogeneous sward structure of gaps and tussocks and then used focal behavioural observations to quantify the sward selection of R- and S-sheep. Tussock swards were more nitrogen rich (41%), offered increased forage intake rates (32%) and contained 17 times more parasite larvae than gap swards. All the animals avoided grazing the tussock swards. However, the R-sheep grazed the tussock swards to a lesser degree than the S-sheep. We conclude that selection for genetic resistance has resulted in animals that, despite being well armed to fight parasitism through improved immune function, adopt parasite avoidance strategies with associated nutritional disadvantages. This experiment highlights the role of host behaviour in the control of parasitism and suggests that animals can be bred to avoid disease.

scholarly journals Application of marker assisted selection for livestock improvement in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Moniruzzaman ◽  
R Khatun ◽  
AA Mintoo
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Generation Interval ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Selection Of

Molecular markers usually do not have any biological effect. They are identifiable DNA sequences, found at specific locations of the genome, and transmitted from one generation to the next. Marker assisted selection (MAS) is a novel technique that can complement traditional breeding methods for rapid genetic gains. Genetic gain through selective breeding is the objective of a breeder to achieve long term improvement in animal and plant genomes; however the pace of improvement is inversely proportional to the Generation Interval. Genetic improvement in livestock, particularly those with long generation intervals, requires decades for tangible results. Successful MAS breeding programmes require gene mapping, marker genotyping, quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection, genetic evaluation and finally MAS. Genomic selection is a form of markerassisted selection. Using markers covering the whole genome could mean potentially that all the genetic variance is explained; and the markers are assumed to be in linkage disequilibrium with the QTL so that the number of effects per QTL to be estimated is small. MAS drastically reduces generation interval and increases selection accuracy. Therefore, a breeding strategy based upon markers making the best use of the two approaches can facilitate rapid genetic gain though selection of markers related to economic traits such as milk and meat production. This review is designed to elaborate the technique of MAS and its application in developing countries. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v31i1.22837 Bangl. vet. 2014. Vol. 31, No. 1, 1-11

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