Urinary iodine excretion and antiperoxidase enzyme antibody in goitrous and healthy primary school children of Arak, Iran

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Rezvanfar ◽  
H. Farahany ◽  
A. Chehreiy ◽  
M. Nemati ◽  
S. Rostamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Iodine Excretion

scholarly journals A study of prevalence of goiter among school children in Kolar

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5055
Author(s):  
Varsha R. Mokhasi ◽  
Muninarayana C. ◽  
Shashidhar K. N.
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Goiter Prevalence

Background: Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) constitute the single largest cause of preventable brain damage worldwide leading to learning disabilities and psychomotor impairment. Nearly 266 million school children worldwide have insufficient iodine intake. IDD was found to be a public health problem in 47 countries. Since the information on current prevalence of goiter in Kolar was not available, the present study was undertaken.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among school children aged 6-12 years in Kolar taluk. A total of 650 children (325 urban and 325 rural) were selected for goiter examination by multistage random cluster sampling technique. A total of 150 children were tested for the median urinary concentration and 150 salt samples were tested from the households of the study population.Results: The total goiter rate was 6.6% among primary school children aged 6-12 years with a significant difference between ages. As the age increased the goiter prevalence also increased. The median urinary iodine excretion level was found to be 137 µg/l and 92.7% salt samples had >15 ppm iodine content.Conclusions: Present study shows mild goiter prevalence in primary school children in Kolar and an adequate iodine content of salt and urine. 

scholarly journals Effects of Giving Iodized Salt, Counseling of Iodine and Goitrogenic Sources of Food in Mothers Who Have Elementary School Children Against Urinary Iodine Excretion

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
I Ketut Swiryajaya ◽  
Iswari Pauzi
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
The Mean

As a result of IDD is the occurrence of impaired child growth makes researchers interested in conducting research on "Provision of iodized salt, food counseling about the source of iodine and goitrogenic substances with urinary iodine excretion status in elementary school children". Research on IDD is often carried out in primary school-age children, aged 6-12 years because of their vulnerability to iodine deficiency. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of iodized salt interventions and counseling patterns of iodized and goitrogenic food consumption patterns on levels of urinary yodiun excretion in families with elementary school children. Research methods: The design of this study included quasi-experimental using a specific design that is "pre and post test control group design". The study population was elementary school children with a sample size of 30 children aged 9 -12 years in each group. Data collected included the consumption of nutrients by the 24-hour recall method, the results of urine iodine examination by the spectrophotometric method. The collected data is then analyzed with an independent sample T test. The results showed there were differences in urinary yodiun excretion levels in the two groups (treatment and control), while the mean in the treatment group before intervention was 106.97 ug / L and after the intervention was 43.19 ug / L. Whereas in the control group, the level of urinary yodiun excretion before intervention was 117.30 μg / L and after the intervention was 243.19 μg / L. The mean of respondents who consumed goitrogenic sources in the treatment group before the intervention (Yes = 63%, No = 37%), after the intervention (Yes = 23%, No = 77%). Whereas in the Control group before the intervention (Yes = 56%, No = 73%), after the intervention (Yes = 23%, No = 77%). The average amount of protein consumption before treatment was 47.91 µg/L ± 6.54 and 50.15 µg/L ± 12.52 after treatment. For consumption, an increase with a mean before treatment was 89.88 µg/L ± 38.45 and after treatment was 113 µg/L ± 26. The results of the independent sample t-test showed that in the treatment group there was no significant difference between after and before the intervention (p = 0.058). Whereas in the control group there were significant differences between before and after the intervention (p = 0.002). It can be concluded that there are many factors that need to be controlled in the provision of interventions, especially the use, type of salt and goitronic as well as the method of examination of iodine analysis in urine. Keywords: iodized salt; iodine food sources; goitrogenic; urinary iodine excretion

scholarly journals Salt Iodization and Urinary Iodine Concentration Levels among Primary School Children in Mt. Elgon Sub-County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Stephen N. Onteri ◽  
Anselimo O. Makokha ◽  
Beatrice Nyanchama Kiage Mokua ◽  
Philip Ndemwa
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
The Impact

Aims: Iodine plays a key role in thyroid hormone production and functioning. Inadequate iodine intake results in iodine deficiency (ID) which impairs the normal functioning of the thyroid. The deficiency is responsible for damage to brain development, growth retardation, cretinism, and thyroid dysfunction. Millions of people have been condemned to a life of few prospects and continued underdevelopment due to ID. The study was conducted to assess iodine status among primary school children in the Mt. Elgon region and the impact of salt iodization on this status. Study Design:  A school-based cross-sectional descriptive study to assess iodine status among primary school children was employed in the study. Study Area and Duration: The study was carried out in Kenya, Bungoma County, Mount Elgon Sub-County. The study period was between 27th November 2018 and 26th November 2019. Methodology: Healthy primary school children aged 6 to 12 years who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Spot urine samples were collected in schools, while water samples were collected from different water sources. Salt was collected from households (HH) and at distribution outlets. The Sandell Kolthoff reaction was used to analyse urine and water samples while salt was analysed using iodometric titration. Results: The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 200.7 µg/l. Out of which 0.55% were severely deficient, 5.25% moderately deficient, 18.23% with a mild deficiency, 25.69% had adequate iodine levels, 22.38% had more than adequate, and 27.90% had excess iodine levels. Household and salt samples from different distribution outlets that conformed to set standards of iodization were 49.4% and 63.64%, respectively. Iodine was not detected in all the water samples collected. Conclusion: The study population was found to have adequate iodine based on the median UIC of 200.7 µg/l. However, there was a coexistence of both deficiency and excessive UIC and salt iodization within the population. No iodine was detected in the water samples in the region.

Urinary Iodine Excretion among Nepalese School Children in Terai Region

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saroj Khatiwada ◽  
Basanta Gelal ◽  
Prem Raj Shakya ◽  
Madhab Lamsal ◽  
Nirmal Baral
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Iodine Excretion

scholarly journals Long-term evaluation of a micronutrient-fortified biscuit used for addressing micronutrient deficiencies in primary school children

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1201-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
ME van Stuijvenberg ◽  
MA Dhansay ◽  
CM Smuts ◽  
CJ Lombard ◽  
VB Jogessar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
School Children ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the long-term effect on micronutrient status of a β-carotene-, iron- and iodine-fortified biscuit given to primary school children as school feeding.Design:Children receiving the fortified biscuit were followed in a longitudinal study for 2.5 years (n=108); in addition, cross-sectional data from three subsequent surveys conducted in the same school are reported.Setting:A rural community in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Subjects:Children aged 6–11 years attending the primary school where the biscuit was distributed.Results:There was a significant improvement in serum retinol, serum ferritin, haemoglobin, transferrin saturation and urinary iodine during the first 12 months of the biscuit intervention. However, when the school reopened after the summer holidays, all variables, except urinary iodine, returned to pre-intervention levels. Serum retinol increased again during the next 9 months, but was significantly lower in a subsequent cross-sectional survey carried out directly after the summer holidays; this pattern was repeated in two further cross-sectional surveys. Haemoglobin gradually deteriorated at each subsequent assessment, as did serum ferritin (apart from a slight increase at the 42-month assessment at the end of the school year).Conclusions:This study has shown that fortification of a biscuit with β-carotene at a level of 50% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) was enough to maintain serum retinol concentrations from day to day, but not enough to sustain levels during the long school holiday break. Other long-term solutions, such as local food production programmes combined with nutrition education, should also be examined. The choice of the iron compound used as fortificant in the biscuit needs further investigation.

ENDEMIC GOITRE IN ALTO ADIGE (ITALY)

1977 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Platzer ◽  
H. Fill ◽  
G. Riccabona ◽  
J. Glatzl ◽  
J. Seidl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
School Children ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Endemic Goitre ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Slight Alteration

ABSTRACT The whole population of Certosa (Karthaus) (altitude 1327 m), a little village in the Alto Adige province in Northern Italy, was studied regarding the incidence and pathophysiological data of endemic goitre. The study included 204 subjects: in 85 % of the whole population, and in 48 % of the school-children population from 6-14 years of age, thyroid enlargement and/or nodularity was found. The 24 h [131I]uptake was 48.6 ± 11.96; the grade "O" thyroids also showed an increased uptake. The region is poor in iodine; the mean iodine content of 55 samples of local drinking water was 0.81 ± 0.96 μg/I; the iodine content of several foodstuffs was definitely lower than those from Turin's markets. The mean iodine excretion in 60 samples of urine was 35.96 ± 22.4 μg/g creatinine. Urinary iodine excretion showed a linear negative correlation with [131I]uptake and did not correlate well with the presence or size of the goitre. The mean values of PBI (6.12 ± 1.57 μg/100 ml) of T4 (7 ± 2.3 μg/100 ml), of T3 (121 ± 55.4 ng/100 ml) and of a free thyroxine index (ETR = 0.95), as well as of TSH (2.63 ± 1.9 μU/ml) were in the normal range. Grade III goitres had slightly lower hormonal values, and a somewhat elevated T3/(T4x100) ratio (0.19). Serum TSH levels showed no correlation with the presence or size of the goitre, radioiodine uptake, the urinary iodine excretion, and not always showed an inverse correlation with the peripheral thyroid hormone values. Urinary thiocyanate excretion (mean value 9.28 ± 2.96 mg/24 h) did not show any relation to the presence of goitre. Raven's tests and physical data obtained from school-children in Alto Adige show some slight alteration in the distribution pattern when compared to normal populations. It is concluded that iodine deficiency exists in the studied area, but that it is not always associated with goitre, and that other pathological factors must be involved in goitrogenesis. Goitre is not coupled with enhanced TSH serum levels. The slight alteration in intellectual and somatic development in schoolchildren may possibly be related to iodine deficiency; other environmental or genetic factors, however, cannot be excluded.

scholarly journals Iodine deficiency disorders among primary-school children in Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Nawal A. El Sayed ◽  
Zahlra M. Gad ◽  
Lalla H. Nofal ◽  
Hanaa M. Ismail ◽  
Fikrat F. El Sahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
School Children ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Intervention Programme ◽  
Salt Iodization

The prevalence of iodine deficiency in primary-school children in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate was assessed. A total of 2250 primary-school children aged 8-10 years were selected by a two-stage cluster sampling technique. The results revealed that the prevelance rate of goitre was 27.1% and it was significantly higher in females [29.2%] than males [25.1%]. The median urinary iodine level was 6.7 micro g/dl and 3.9 micro g/dl for grade 1 and grade 2 goitre respectively. It was concluded that iodine deficiency is a public health problem of moderate severity in primary-school children in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate. This necessitates an intervention programme through salt iodization

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