scholarly journals Effects of Giving Iodized Salt, Counseling of Iodine and Goitrogenic Sources of Food in Mothers Who Have Elementary School Children Against Urinary Iodine Excretion

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
I Ketut Swiryajaya ◽  
Iswari Pauzi
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
The Mean

As a result of IDD is the occurrence of impaired child growth makes researchers interested in conducting research on "Provision of iodized salt, food counseling about the source of iodine and goitrogenic substances with urinary iodine excretion status in elementary school children". Research on IDD is often carried out in primary school-age children, aged 6-12 years because of their vulnerability to iodine deficiency. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of iodized salt interventions and counseling patterns of iodized and goitrogenic food consumption patterns on levels of urinary yodiun excretion in families with elementary school children. Research methods: The design of this study included quasi-experimental using a specific design that is "pre and post test control group design". The study population was elementary school children with a sample size of 30 children aged 9 -12 years in each group. Data collected included the consumption of nutrients by the 24-hour recall method, the results of urine iodine examination by the spectrophotometric method. The collected data is then analyzed with an independent sample T test. The results showed there were differences in urinary yodiun excretion levels in the two groups (treatment and control), while the mean in the treatment group before intervention was 106.97 ug / L and after the intervention was 43.19 ug / L. Whereas in the control group, the level of urinary yodiun excretion before intervention was 117.30 μg / L and after the intervention was 243.19 μg / L. The mean of respondents who consumed goitrogenic sources in the treatment group before the intervention (Yes = 63%, No = 37%), after the intervention (Yes = 23%, No = 77%). Whereas in the Control group before the intervention (Yes = 56%, No = 73%), after the intervention (Yes = 23%, No = 77%). The average amount of protein consumption before treatment was 47.91 µg/L ± 6.54 and 50.15 µg/L ± 12.52 after treatment. For consumption, an increase with a mean before treatment was 89.88 µg/L ± 38.45 and after treatment was 113 µg/L ± 26. The results of the independent sample t-test showed that in the treatment group there was no significant difference between after and before the intervention (p = 0.058). Whereas in the control group there were significant differences between before and after the intervention (p = 0.002). It can be concluded that there are many factors that need to be controlled in the provision of interventions, especially the use, type of salt and goitronic as well as the method of examination of iodine analysis in urine. Keywords: iodized salt; iodine food sources; goitrogenic; urinary iodine excretion

scholarly journals Administration of Iodized Salt, Counseling about Food Sources of Iodine and Goitrogenic, to Mothers who have Children in Primary School, Affect the Excretion of Urine Iodine

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 1095-1097
Author(s):  
I Ketut Swirya Jaya ◽  
Iswari Pauzi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urine Iodine

To overcome the problem of iodine deficiency, administration of iodized salt, counseling of iodized food sources and goitrogenic food are very important. The goal is to change the consumption of iodized and goitrogenic food sources and consume the recommended iodized salt, so that iodine intake is fulfilled and urinary iodine excretion becomes normal. This study was an experimental research, using pre-test and post-test with control group design. The sample size was 60 students of elementary school, consisting of 30 students. students for the treatment group and 30 students for the control group. In the treatment group, the mothers of the students were given iodized salt to give to their children, provided counseling about food sources that are rich in iodine and which are goitrogenic. The parameters measured were the consumption of iodine, protein and urinary iodine excretion in the phase before and after being treated, with a span of time for 3 weeks. Data collection on nutrient consumption was done through recall once in 24 hours. The level of iodine in the urine was measured using spectrophotometry, and the consumption of goitrogenic sources was measured through observation at the time of recall. The data were analyzed using t-test. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that in Sedau Village, Narmada District, West Lombok Regency; giving iodized salt, counseling about iodized and goitrogenic food sources to mothers who have children in primary school. Keywords: iodized salt; counseling; food sources of iodine; goitrogenic; excretion of urine iodine

ENDEMIC GOITRE IN ALTO ADIGE (ITALY)

1977 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Platzer ◽  
H. Fill ◽  
G. Riccabona ◽  
J. Glatzl ◽  
J. Seidl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
School Children ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Endemic Goitre ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Slight Alteration

ABSTRACT The whole population of Certosa (Karthaus) (altitude 1327 m), a little village in the Alto Adige province in Northern Italy, was studied regarding the incidence and pathophysiological data of endemic goitre. The study included 204 subjects: in 85 % of the whole population, and in 48 % of the school-children population from 6-14 years of age, thyroid enlargement and/or nodularity was found. The 24 h [131I]uptake was 48.6 ± 11.96; the grade "O" thyroids also showed an increased uptake. The region is poor in iodine; the mean iodine content of 55 samples of local drinking water was 0.81 ± 0.96 μg/I; the iodine content of several foodstuffs was definitely lower than those from Turin's markets. The mean iodine excretion in 60 samples of urine was 35.96 ± 22.4 μg/g creatinine. Urinary iodine excretion showed a linear negative correlation with [131I]uptake and did not correlate well with the presence or size of the goitre. The mean values of PBI (6.12 ± 1.57 μg/100 ml) of T4 (7 ± 2.3 μg/100 ml), of T3 (121 ± 55.4 ng/100 ml) and of a free thyroxine index (ETR = 0.95), as well as of TSH (2.63 ± 1.9 μU/ml) were in the normal range. Grade III goitres had slightly lower hormonal values, and a somewhat elevated T3/(T4x100) ratio (0.19). Serum TSH levels showed no correlation with the presence or size of the goitre, radioiodine uptake, the urinary iodine excretion, and not always showed an inverse correlation with the peripheral thyroid hormone values. Urinary thiocyanate excretion (mean value 9.28 ± 2.96 mg/24 h) did not show any relation to the presence of goitre. Raven's tests and physical data obtained from school-children in Alto Adige show some slight alteration in the distribution pattern when compared to normal populations. It is concluded that iodine deficiency exists in the studied area, but that it is not always associated with goitre, and that other pathological factors must be involved in goitrogenesis. Goitre is not coupled with enhanced TSH serum levels. The slight alteration in intellectual and somatic development in schoolchildren may possibly be related to iodine deficiency; other environmental or genetic factors, however, cannot be excluded.

Iodized salt prophylaxis of endemic goiter: an experience in Toscana (Italy)

1993 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Aghini-Lombardi ◽  
A Pinchera ◽  
L Antonangeli ◽  
T Rago ◽  
GF Fenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Endemic Goiter ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Goiter Prevalence ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Legislative Measures

It is well established that iodine supplementation is effective in correcting iodine deficiency and reducing goiter prevalence. In Italy, legislation has allowed the production of iodized salt since 1972, but its consumption is on a voluntary basis. In the present study, the efficacy of legislative measures that made compulsory the availability of iodized salt in foodstores has been evaluated. Urinary iodine excretion and thyroid size, scored according to Pan American Health Organization recommendations, were determined prior to (1981) and 10 years after (1991) the introduction of legislative measures in the whole schoolchildren population residing in a restricted area of the Tuscan Appennines. Moreover, in 1991, thyroid volume was determined by ultrasonography. In 1981, mean urinary iodine excretion was 47.1±22.4 mg/kg creatinine (0.412 μmol/l) and goiter prevalence was 60%, indicating a moderate iodine deficiency. Eighty of the families subsequently used iodized salt on a regular basis; as a result of this excellent compliance, in 1991 the mean urinary iodine excretion increased to 129.7±73 mg/kg creatinine (1.24 μmol/l) and goiter prevalence dropped to 8.1%. The results of this study underline the effectiveness of iodine prophylaxis in correcting iodine deficiency and abating endemic goiter in schoolchildren, and suggest that implementation of measures that make compulsory the availability of iodized salt in foodstores overcomes the fact that there is no law governing the exclusive production and trading of iodized salt.

The Relationship Between Articulatory Deficits and Syntax in Speech Defective Children

1969 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Shriner ◽  
Mary Sayre Holloway ◽  
Raymond G. Daniloff
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experimental Group

The relationship between articulatory deficits and the development of syntax in children with severe articulation problems was investigated. Subjects in the experimental group were 30 normal elementary school children, enrolled in grades one through three, who had severe problems with articulation. Thirty normal children, free from any articulation errors, served as a control group. Children with defective articulation performed significantly less well in the areas of grammatical usage, and used shorter sentences. The relationship between phonological and syntactical errors is discussed, with implications for therapy.

Effect of a musical instrument performance program on emotional intelligence, anxiety, and aggression in Korean elementary school children

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Sil Kim ◽  
Hun-Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Instrument Performance ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Music Class

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a musical instrument performance program on emotional intelligence, anxiety, and aggression in Korean elementary school children. A quasi-experimental study design was employed, in which the experimental group ( n = 30) received a weekly group musical instrument performance class with a regular music class, and the control group ( n = 30) received only a regular music class that is part of the elementary school curriculum. We measured emotional intelligence, anxiety, and aggression at the beginning and end of the 24-week intervention using the Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Aggression Scale. The musical instrument performance program improved the ability to perceive emotions, and reduced physical and verbal aggression, but had no statistically significant effect on the level of total emotional intelligence, anxiety, or aggression.

scholarly journals Norms for orbicularis oris muscular strength for normal swallowing children in grades three thru six

1977 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
R Baskervill
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Objective Measurement ◽  
Normal Swallowing ◽  
The Mean

Summary and Discussion: Subjects were used for establishing norms for labial strength. The group consisted of 114 NRSP subjects, all of whom were elementary school children in grades 3-6. The data of the 114 NRSP subjects shows the mean labial strength as being 4.45 lbs. There also appears to be some support for using the labial strength measurements as part of the diagnostic criteria for identifying the presence of reverse swallowing patterns (RSP). In addition, it is suggested that a measurement level well below the normative mean can be used successfully while a measurement of 4 lbs. and above could represent normal labial pressure. This procedure is strongly suggested in as much as most assessment presently utilized in determining the presence and/or absence of RSP have been essentially subjective observations. If the procedure mentioned herein is utilized, at least one objective measurement can be used along with the subjective observations. This writer feels that labial strength can be used along with the traditional observations for the successful diagnosis of RSP.

scholarly journals Keterkaitan antara Susu sebagai Pelengkap Sarapan terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Megah Stefani ◽  
Fifi Khoirunnisa ◽  
Zulhijah Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Food Record ◽  
School Students ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Minimum Number

<p><em>The study aims to determine the association of milk as complimentary breakfast towards learning achievement of elementary school students, using a retrospective case-control research design. Subjects were determined purposively with the inclusion criteria having normal BMI and not lactose intolerance. The minimum number of subjects was based on calculations were 38 children. Subjects as many as 22 elementary school children were exposed to a complete breakfast habit with milk and 17 elementary school children became a control group for breakfast habits without milk. Completing the 2x24 hour food recall questionnaire and 7-day food record and subject interviews were conducted for 1 week. Learning achievement is measured using the final score of the semester 1 by K13 curriculum. There was a significant relationship in the exposed group and the control group on learning achievement especially Bahasa scores (p = 0,001) as many as 90,91% in the exposed group and 88,24%, in the control group, also, the tendency for a better IPA (Science) scores in the exposed group was 81,82% compared to the control group at 64,71%. Thus, the habit of breakfast supplemented with milk is closely related to the learning achievement of elementary school children.</em></p>

Effects of a short mindful-breathing intervention on the psychophysiological stress reactions of German elementary school children

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-238
Author(s):  
Luisa Kurth ◽  
Anna Engelniederhammer ◽  
Heide Sasse ◽  
Georgios Papastefanou
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Stress Reaction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Psychophysiological Stress

This research investigates whether a short mindfulness exercise can reduce children’s psychophysiological stress reactions in the face of a performance task. To answer the question, a randomized controlled trial with 106 elementary school children, aged between 5 and 11 years, was conducted. An intervention group completed a two-minute breathing exercise, whilst a comparison group watched a short video, before both groups performed a stress-evoking Stroop test. The stress levels of both groups were measured via galvanic skin response and compared. It was hypothesized that the comparison group would show a higher stress reaction during the stress-evoking task than the intervention group. Contrary to the hypothesis, results show that the intervention group had a higher psychophysiological stress reaction during the task than the comparison group. However, the stress reaction to the announced difficulty of the task was smaller in the mindfulness group than in the comparison group. Results are discussed based on different theoretical mechanisms of mindfulness. Directions for future research include the use of different techniques and durations of mindfulness interventions, different control group activities and stress-test operationalizations, as well as the distinction between age groups.

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