Dominance Condition of Fusarium Species Occurring in Winter Wheat Kernels in Pest County

Effects of fertilisers on the grain yield (t ha-1) and the development of mycobiota, especially of the Fusarium species, in winter wheat kernels were observed. Fertilisers were applied in the following variants: T1 - 30m3 of slurry (pre-sowing treatment) and 25 m3 of slurry (top-dressing), T2 - 22.500 kg of manure (pre-sowing treatment) and 220 kg of urea (top-dressing), T3 - 300 kg of urea (top-dressing) and T4 - the control without application of fertilisers. The average wheat grain yield was the highest in the treatment T2 (6.9 t ha-1), then in T3 (6.3 t ha-1) and T1 (6.2 t ha-1), while the lowest wheat grain yield (4.3 t ha-1) was registered in the control (T4). Fungi of genera Alternaria (88.8-96.3%) and Fusarium (3.7-11.1%) were mainly isolated from all wheat kernel samples collected after harvest (T1-T4). Species of the genus Dreschlera were isolated in treatments T1 (0.3%) and T2 (0.2%). The species Stemphylium botryosum was isolated only in the treatment T1 (0.2%). F. graminearum (3.5-10.8%) was isolated from wheat kernels in all observed treatments, while F. sporotrichioides was isolated in treatments T1 (0.6%), T2 (0.5%) and T3 (0.3%). F. poae (0.3%) and F. subglutinans (0.2%) were isolated in the treatment T2, while F. graminearum was predominantly present in treatments T3 (10.8%), T1 (8.7%) and T2 (7.8%), and in the control T4 (3.5%). The obtained results point out that the application of urea affected the decrease in the intensity of Alternaria species infestation, but it also affected the increase of frequency of Fusarium species, especially F. graminearum, in comparison with the control and other treatments. Negative correlation was registered between the grain yield and the intensity of infestation of Fusarium species (collectively) and F. graminearum (individually).

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Fusarium species and Fusarium mycotoxins in grain of wheat in Poland in 2009 and 2010

10.20944/preprints201909.0108.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Tomasz Góral ◽

Piotr Ochodzki ◽

Linda Kærgaard Nielsen ◽

Dorota Walentyn-Góral

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

The Other ◽

Average Content ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Low Concentration ◽

Wheat Kernels

The aim of the study was to determine the presence Fusarium species and mycotoxins in winter wheat grain in Poland. Grain samples from different locations in Poland in 2009 and 2010 were analysed for the content of biomass of Fusarium species and mycotoxins. In 2009 biomass of F. graminearum and F. poae was present in all samples, F. culmorum in 82% of samples, F. avenaceum in 55% of samples. F. sporotrichioides, F. tricinctum and F. equiseti were found only in individual samples. F. langsethiae was not detected. In 2010, five Fusarium species were detected with the exception of F. sporotrichioides. The highest content of biomass was found for F. graminearum followed by F. avenaceum, F. poae and F. langsethiae. The amount of F. culmorum biomass was very low. The most frequently occurring species was F. poae and F. graminearum. In 2009, deoxynivalenol was detected in all samples. In 2010, the average content of deoxynivalenol was lower than in 2009. Nivalenol was detected at very low concentration in both years. Significant correlations between content of F. graminearum biomass and deoxynivalenol concentration in grain and between content of F. poae biomass and nivalenol concentration in grain in 2009 were found. The most important finding of this study was that main Fusarium species infecting wheat kernels in Poland in both years was F. graminearum. The amount of biomass of F. graminearum was the highest in both years. It was present in the most samples. The other frequently detected species was F. poae, which in 2010 appeared in more samples than F. graminearum. However, the amount of F. poae biomass was lower. F. culmorum, species that was previously dominating as wheat pathogen in Poland, was found less frequently than F. graminearum. The amount of biomass of this species was the lowest in 2010.

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Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium populations in grain of winter wheat grown in different cultivation systems

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.1515/jppr-2015-0013 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 94-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Leszek Lenc

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Production Systems ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Cropping System ◽

Common Species ◽

Head Blight ◽

Fusarium Poae ◽

Conventional Systems ◽

Wheat Kernels

Abstract Fusarium head blight (FHB) incidence, and colonisation of grain by Fusarium species on winter wheat grown in organic, integrated, and conventional systems as well as in monoculture, were studied locally in Poland, from 2002 to 2010. Fusarium head blight incidence differed throughout the study years. It was found to occur the most where rainfall was highest and where rainfall was the most prolonged before, during, and after flowering of wheat. Fusarium head blight incidence was generally less on wheat grown organically than on wheat grown in other systems. In some years, FHB was noted more in monocultures than in other systems. Fusarium poae was the most common species of FHB populations in wheat kernels, followed by F. avenaceum and F. tricinctum. Other species which occurred more rarely or sporadically were: F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. langsethiae, F. oxysporum, and F. sporotrichioides. There were found to be significant effects of the cropping system on grain colonisation by Fusarium in some years. There was a positive correlation between FHB incidence and number of kernels colonised and damaged by Fusarium, in all four systems. Inferences were drawn concerning the effects of different procedures in different production systems and the possible value for controlling FHB

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Effect of fungicides on the complex of Fusarium species and saprophytic fungi colonizing wheat kernels

European Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10658-007-9204-y ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 120 (2) ◽

pp. 157-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Carmen Müllenborn ◽

Ulrike Steiner ◽

Michael Ludwig ◽

Erich-Christian Oerke

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Species ◽

Saprophytic Fungi ◽

Wheat Kernels

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Survey of Fusarium spp. Causing Wheat Crown Rot in Major Winter Wheat Growing Regions of China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-04-14-0422-re ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 99 (11) ◽

pp. 1610-1615 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Xiang-xiang Zhang ◽

Hai-yan Sun ◽

Cheng-mei Shen ◽

Wei Li ◽

Han-shou Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Head Blight ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Phylogenetic Structure ◽

Fusarium Crown Rot ◽

Fusarium Asiaticum ◽

Predominant Pathogen

Fusarium crown rot of wheat has become more prevalent in China. To investigate the phylogenetic structure of Fusarium causing wheat crown rot in China, wheat basal stems with symptoms of the disease were collected from 2009 to 2013 in Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hebei, and Shandong provinces. In total, 175 Fusarium isolates were collected and their mycotoxin chemotypes and distribution were identified. Among the 175 isolates, 123 were Fusarium asiaticum; 95 of these were the chemotype 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) and 28 were nivalenol (NIV). Thirty-seven isolates belonged to F. graminearum, which were all 15-AcDON. Smaller numbers of isolates consisted of F. acuminatum, F. pseudograminearum, and F. avenaceum. The virulence of F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates on wheat crowns and heads was comparable. The virulence of isolates of the DON and NIV chemotype were statistically similar, but DON tended to be more aggressive. The DON concentrations in grains from wheat heads inoculated with isolates causing either Fusarium head blight or crown rot were similar. In the five provinces, F. asiaticum of the 3-AcDON chemotype was the predominant pathogen causing crown rot, followed by F. graminearum. Recent changes in causal Fusarium species, chemotypes, and distribution in China are discussed.

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Presence of deoxynivalenol in winter wheat treated with fungicides

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1401167k ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 167-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Krnjaja ◽

J. Levic ◽

S. Stankovic ◽

T. Petrovic ◽

V. Mandic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Natural Occurrence ◽

Head Blight ◽

Thiophanate Methyl ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Grain Moisture

Natural occurrence of Fusarium spp. and concentrations of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in the grain of the winter wheat moderately susceptible to Fusarium head blight (FHB) has been studied. Grain samples were collected from wheat crops intended mainly for human consumption. All wheat crops were treated with fungicides before (a.i. flutriafol - formulated as Fluoco, applied in dose of 0.5 l ha-1) and during the flowering phase of growing (a.i. thiophanate-methyl + epoxiconazole formulated as Eskorta plus and a.i. thiophanate-methyl formulated as Funomil, applied in doses of 0.75 and 0.5 l ha-1, respectivily). Among of Fusarium species only F. graminearum, as a well known producer of DON, was identified. This fungus was identified in 15 of 19 samples (78.9%) with incidence in positive samples of 2 to 28% (average, 14.0%). Presence of DON was established in 13 of a total 19 investigated wheat grain samples (68.4%). In positive samples DON was detected in concentrations from 69 to 918 ?g kg-1 (average, 478 ?g kg-1). DON showed a significant and positive correlation at P?0.05 with grain moisture content (r = 0.52*). Between the frequency of F. graminearum and concentration of DON and between the frequency of F. graminearum and grain moisture content, positive correlation was determined, but without statistical significance (r = 0.44 and r = 0.29, respectively).

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Relative Pathogenicity of Selected Fusarium Species and Microdochium bolleyi to Winter Wheat in New York

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-71-0177 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 177 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

R. T. Kane

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Microdochium Bolleyi

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Composition and Predominance of Fusarium Species Causing Fusarium Head Blight in Winter Wheat Grain Depending on Cultivar Susceptibility and Meteorological Factors

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8040617 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 617

Author(s):

Tim Birr ◽

Mario Hasler ◽

Joseph-Alexander Verreet ◽

Holger Klink

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Meteorological Factors ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Head Blight ◽

Dna Amount ◽

Cultivar Susceptibility ◽

Dna Amounts

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most important diseases of wheat, causing yield losses and mycotoxin contamination of harvested grain. A complex of different toxigenic Fusarium species is responsible for FHB and the composition and predominance of species within the FHB complex are determined by meteorological and agronomic factors. In this study, grain of three different susceptible winter wheat cultivars from seven locations in northern Germany were analysed within a five-year survey from 2013 to 2017 by quantifying DNA amounts of different species within the Fusarium community as well as deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) concentrations. Several Fusarium species co-occur in wheat grain samples in all years and cultivars. F. graminearum was the most prevalent species, followed by F. culmorum, F. avenaceum and F. poae, while F. tricinctum and F. langsethiae played only a subordinate role in the FHB complex in terms of DNA amounts. In all cultivars, a comparable year-specific quantitative occurrence of the six detected species and mycotoxin concentrations were found, but with decreased DNA amounts and mycotoxin concentrations in the more tolerant cultivars, especially in years with higher disease pressure. In all years, similar percentages of DNA amounts of the six species to the total Fusarium DNA amount of all detected species were found between the three cultivars for each species, with F. graminearum being the most dominant species. Differences in DNA amounts and DON and ZEA concentrations between growing seasons depended mainly on moisture factors during flowering of wheat, while high precipitation and relative humidity were the crucial meteorological factors for infection of wheat grain by Fusarium. Highly positive correlations were found between the meteorological variables precipitation and relative humidity and DNA amounts of F. graminearum, DON and ZEA concentrations during flowering, whereas the corresponding correlations were much weaker several days before (heading) and after flowering (early and late milk stage).

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