scholarly journals Composition and Predominance of Fusarium Species Causing Fusarium Head Blight in Winter Wheat Grain Depending on Cultivar Susceptibility and Meteorological Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Tim Birr ◽  
Mario Hasler ◽  
Joseph-Alexander Verreet ◽  
Holger Klink
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Dna Amount ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility ◽  
Dna Amounts

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most important diseases of wheat, causing yield losses and mycotoxin contamination of harvested grain. A complex of different toxigenic Fusarium species is responsible for FHB and the composition and predominance of species within the FHB complex are determined by meteorological and agronomic factors. In this study, grain of three different susceptible winter wheat cultivars from seven locations in northern Germany were analysed within a five-year survey from 2013 to 2017 by quantifying DNA amounts of different species within the Fusarium community as well as deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) concentrations. Several Fusarium species co-occur in wheat grain samples in all years and cultivars. F. graminearum was the most prevalent species, followed by F. culmorum, F. avenaceum and F. poae, while F. tricinctum and F. langsethiae played only a subordinate role in the FHB complex in terms of DNA amounts. In all cultivars, a comparable year-specific quantitative occurrence of the six detected species and mycotoxin concentrations were found, but with decreased DNA amounts and mycotoxin concentrations in the more tolerant cultivars, especially in years with higher disease pressure. In all years, similar percentages of DNA amounts of the six species to the total Fusarium DNA amount of all detected species were found between the three cultivars for each species, with F. graminearum being the most dominant species. Differences in DNA amounts and DON and ZEA concentrations between growing seasons depended mainly on moisture factors during flowering of wheat, while high precipitation and relative humidity were the crucial meteorological factors for infection of wheat grain by Fusarium. Highly positive correlations were found between the meteorological variables precipitation and relative humidity and DNA amounts of F. graminearum, DON and ZEA concentrations during flowering, whereas the corresponding correlations were much weaker several days before (heading) and after flowering (early and late milk stage).

scholarly journals Survey of Fusarium spp. Causing Wheat Crown Rot in Major Winter Wheat Growing Regions of China

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 1610-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-xiang Zhang ◽  
Hai-yan Sun ◽  
Cheng-mei Shen ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Han-shou Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Asiaticum ◽  
Predominant Pathogen

Fusarium crown rot of wheat has become more prevalent in China. To investigate the phylogenetic structure of Fusarium causing wheat crown rot in China, wheat basal stems with symptoms of the disease were collected from 2009 to 2013 in Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hebei, and Shandong provinces. In total, 175 Fusarium isolates were collected and their mycotoxin chemotypes and distribution were identified. Among the 175 isolates, 123 were Fusarium asiaticum; 95 of these were the chemotype 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) and 28 were nivalenol (NIV). Thirty-seven isolates belonged to F. graminearum, which were all 15-AcDON. Smaller numbers of isolates consisted of F. acuminatum, F. pseudograminearum, and F. avenaceum. The virulence of F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates on wheat crowns and heads was comparable. The virulence of isolates of the DON and NIV chemotype were statistically similar, but DON tended to be more aggressive. The DON concentrations in grains from wheat heads inoculated with isolates causing either Fusarium head blight or crown rot were similar. In the five provinces, F. asiaticum of the 3-AcDON chemotype was the predominant pathogen causing crown rot, followed by F. graminearum. Recent changes in causal Fusarium species, chemotypes, and distribution in China are discussed.

scholarly journals The effects of fungicides on Fusarium spp. and their associated mycotoxins in naturally infected winter wheat grain

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skaidre Suproniene ◽  
Audrone Mankeviciene ◽  
Irena Gaurilcikiene
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp

The effects of fungicides on Fusarium spp. and their associated mycotoxins in naturally infected winter wheat grain Field trials conducted at the Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (central part of Lithuania) in 2009 were aimed to evaluate the effect of fungicides on Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in a naturally infected field. A single application of dimoxystrobin + epoxiconazole (Swing Gold), prothioconazole (Proline), metconazole (Juventus), tebuconazole (Folicur), prothioconazole + tebuconazole (Prosaro) was applied to winter wheat cv. ‘Zentos’ at the manufacturer's recommended doses at anthesis (BBCH 65). The FHB incidence and severity were assessed at milk and hard maturity stages. The percentage of Fusarium infected grain and deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN) and T-2 toxin (T-2) concentrations in harvested grain were determined. In all fungicide treated plots a significant reduction of FHB incidence and severity was determined; however the fungicides did not exert any effect on the amount of Fusarium-infected grain as compared with the untreated control. A reduction of DON, ZEN and T-2 contents in grain was determined in tebuconazole treatments. Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc, F. culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc., F. poae (Peck) Wollenw, F. sporotrichioides Sherb. and F. tricinctum (Corda) Sacc were identified in wheat grain, F. poae was prevalent.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Visual Estimates of Fusarium Head Blight Intensity and Deoxynivalenol Accumulation in Harvested Wheat Grain: A Meta-Analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 1225-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Paul ◽  
P. E. Lipps ◽  
L. V. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Unpublished Studies ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Study Type

The association between Fusarium head blight (FHB) intensity and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation in harvested grain is not fully understood. A quantitative review of research findings was performed to determine if there was a consistent and significant relationship between measures of Fusarium head blight intensity and DON in harvested wheat grain. Results from published and unpublished studies reporting correlations between DON and Fusarium head blight “index” (IND; field or plot-level disease severity), incidence (INC), diseased-head severity (DHS), and Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) were analyzed using meta-analysis to determine the overall magnitude, significance, and precision of these associations. A total of 163 studies was analyzed, with estimated correlation coefficients (r) between -0.58 and 0.99. More than 65% of all r values were >0.50, whereas less that 7% were <0. The overall mean correlation coefficients for all relationships between DON and disease intensity were significantly different from zero (P < 0.001). Based on the analysis of Fisher-transformed r values ( zr values), FDK had the strongest relationship with DON, with a mean r of 0.73, followed by IND (r = 0.62), DHS (r = 0.53), and INC (r = 0.52). The mean difference between pairs of transformed zr values (zd ) was significantly different from zero for all pairwise comparisons, except the comparison between INC and DHS. Transformed correlations were significantly affected by wheat type (spring versus winter wheat), study type (fungicide versus genotype trials), and study location (U.S. spring- and winter-wheat-growing regions, and other wheat-growing regions). The strongest correlations were observed in studies with spring wheat cultivars, in fungicide trials, and in studies conducted in U.S. spring-wheat-growing regions. There were minor effects of magnitude of disease intensity (and indirectly, environment) on the transformed correlations.

scholarly journals Fusarium infection and deoxynivalenol contamination in winter wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
Z. Tomic ◽  
S. Stankovic ◽  
T. Petrovic ◽  
Z. Bijelic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Integrated Monitoring ◽  
Fusarium Infection ◽  
The Mean

In this paper, the incidence of Fusarium-infected grain of winter wheat and the content of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) was studied in two Serbian cultivars Simonida and NS40S, both harvested in 2014. The level of Fusarium contamination of wheat grain was determined using phytopathological techniques based on the standard methodology while DON was detected by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). The incidence of Fusarium-infected grain ranged from 12 to 19% for Simonida and NS40S, respectively. Fusarium graminearum, as well-known producer of DON mycotoxin, was identified among Fusarium species. In addition, Alternaria spp. was isolated in high percentage, with an average incidence of 53% (Simonida) to 63% (NS40S).The average content of DON ranged from 424 ?g kg-1 to 1101 ?g kg-1 for Simonida and NS40S cultivars, respectively. Statistically insignificant negative correlation (r = - 0.18) was determined between Fusariuminfected grain and DON in the cultivar Simonida and statistically insignificant positive correlation (r = 0.11) in the cultivar NS40S. The mean levels of DON in studied wheat samples of both tested cultivars were not higher than the maximum permitted limit (1250 ?g kg-1) although the level of Fusarium-infected grain of both cultivars was relatively high. These results indicate that both wheat cultivars are susceptible to Fusarium infection and DON mycotoxin production in agro-ecological conditions of Serbia, but the cultivar NS40S being more susceptible compared to cultivar Simonida. In view of all stated above, regular health check of grains and developing strategies for integrated monitoring of incidence of Fusarium head blight are necessary preventive measures in protection of winter wheat.

scholarly journals FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT AND MYCOTOXIN CONCENTRATIONS IN A MODERATELY RESISTANT WINTER WHEAT CULTIVAR UNDER DIFFERENT NUTRIENT REGIMES

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1083-1095
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Glosek Sobieraj ◽  
Bozena Cwalina-Ambroziak ◽  
Agnieszka Waskiewicz ◽  
Adam Perczak ◽  
Arkadiusz Stepien
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Infection Index ◽  
Fusarium Fungi

Winter wheat cv. Boomer was grown in a field-plot experiment in Tomaszkowo near Olsztyn. During the growing season, the severity of Fusarium head blight (FHB was evaluated on a 5-point scale. The quantitative and qualitative composition of Fusarium fungi colonizing wheat grain was evaluated in a laboratory. The content of Fusarium mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, DON, nivalenol, NIV, zearalenone, ZEA, fumonisins FB1 and FB2) and ergosterol (ERG) in grain was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The relationships between the severity of FHB and mycotoxin concentrations in grain were determined by calculating Pearson’s correlation coefficient r in the CORR SAS procedure. The effect of microelement fertilizers on the severity of FHB, the species composition of Fusarium fungi colonizing winter wheat grains and mycotoxin concentrations in grain were determined.Analyses of winter wheat spikes revealed that FHB was less severe in 2012 (healthy ears in the NPK+Mn treatment and the lowest value of the infection index 1% was noted in the absolute control treatment) than in 2013 (the most evident symptoms of FHB in the NPK+Nano-Gro treatment – infection index of approx. 12%). Mineral fertilization, i.e. NPK, NPK with microelements (Cu, Zn, Mn) and NPK with the Nano-Gro® organic growth stimulator, reduced the production of trichothecenes, ZEA and fumonisins B1 and B2 in both years of the study. The highest levels of DON and NIV were noted in winter wheat grain in 2012 in control, control/NPK, NPK+Cu and NPK+Mn treatments. Toxin-producing fungi: Fusarium culmorum, F. poae, Gibberella avenacea, G. zeae were isolated most frequently from winter wheat grain in the above treatments. The severity of FHB was not significantly correlated with the concentrations of ERG, FB1, FB2 and ZEA in grain. A negative correlation was observed between the severity of FHB vs. DON and NIV levels in grain.  

scholarly journals Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium populations in grain of winter wheat grown in different cultivation systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Lenc
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Poae ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Wheat Kernels

Abstract Fusarium head blight (FHB) incidence, and colonisation of grain by Fusarium species on winter wheat grown in organic, integrated, and conventional systems as well as in monoculture, were studied locally in Poland, from 2002 to 2010. Fusarium head blight incidence differed throughout the study years. It was found to occur the most where rainfall was highest and where rainfall was the most prolonged before, during, and after flowering of wheat. Fusarium head blight incidence was generally less on wheat grown organically than on wheat grown in other systems. In some years, FHB was noted more in monocultures than in other systems. Fusarium poae was the most common species of FHB populations in wheat kernels, followed by F. avenaceum and F. tricinctum. Other species which occurred more rarely or sporadically were: F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. langsethiae, F. oxysporum, and F. sporotrichioides. There were found to be significant effects of the cropping system on grain colonisation by Fusarium in some years. There was a positive correlation between FHB incidence and number of kernels colonised and damaged by Fusarium, in all four systems. Inferences were drawn concerning the effects of different procedures in different production systems and the possible value for controlling FHB

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