scholarly journals Fusarium species and Fusarium mycotoxins in grain of wheat in Poland in 2009 and 2010

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Góral ◽  
Piotr Ochodzki ◽  
Linda Kærgaard Nielsen ◽  
Dorota Walentyn-Góral
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Wheat Kernels

The aim of the study was to determine the presence Fusarium species and mycotoxins in winter wheat grain in Poland. Grain samples from different locations in Poland in 2009 and 2010 were analysed for the content of biomass of Fusarium species and mycotoxins. In 2009 biomass of F. graminearum and F. poae was present in all samples, F. culmorum in 82% of samples, F. avenaceum in 55% of samples. F. sporotrichioides, F. tricinctum and F. equiseti were found only in individual samples. F. langsethiae was not detected. In 2010, five Fusarium species were detected with the exception of F. sporotrichioides. The highest content of biomass was found for F. graminearum followed by F. avenaceum, F. poae and F. langsethiae. The amount of F. culmorum biomass was very low. The most frequently occurring species was F. poae and F. graminearum. In 2009, deoxynivalenol was detected in all samples. In 2010, the average content of deoxynivalenol was lower than in 2009. Nivalenol was detected at very low concentration in both years. Significant correlations between content of F. graminearum biomass and deoxynivalenol concentration in grain and between content of F. poae biomass and nivalenol concentration in grain in 2009 were found. The most important finding of this study was that main Fusarium species infecting wheat kernels in Poland in both years was F. graminearum. The amount of biomass of F. graminearum was the highest in both years. It was present in the most samples. The other frequently detected species was F. poae, which in 2010 appeared in more samples than F. graminearum. However, the amount of F. poae biomass was lower. F. culmorum, species that was previously dominating as wheat pathogen in Poland, was found less frequently than F. graminearum. The amount of biomass of this species was the lowest in 2010.

scholarly journals Effects of fertilisers on winter wheat infection caused by Fusarium species

2009 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Jelena Levic ◽  
Zorica Nesic ◽  
Slavica Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Stemphylium Botryosum ◽  
Wheat Kernel ◽  
Alternaria Species ◽  
Wheat Kernels

Effects of fertilisers on the grain yield (t ha-1) and the development of mycobiota, especially of the Fusarium species, in winter wheat kernels were observed. Fertilisers were applied in the following variants: T1 - 30m3 of slurry (pre-sowing treatment) and 25 m3 of slurry (top-dressing), T2 - 22.500 kg of manure (pre-sowing treatment) and 220 kg of urea (top-dressing), T3 - 300 kg of urea (top-dressing) and T4 - the control without application of fertilisers. The average wheat grain yield was the highest in the treatment T2 (6.9 t ha-1), then in T3 (6.3 t ha-1) and T1 (6.2 t ha-1), while the lowest wheat grain yield (4.3 t ha-1) was registered in the control (T4). Fungi of genera Alternaria (88.8-96.3%) and Fusarium (3.7-11.1%) were mainly isolated from all wheat kernel samples collected after harvest (T1-T4). Species of the genus Dreschlera were isolated in treatments T1 (0.3%) and T2 (0.2%). The species Stemphylium botryosum was isolated only in the treatment T1 (0.2%). F. graminearum (3.5-10.8%) was isolated from wheat kernels in all observed treatments, while F. sporotrichioides was isolated in treatments T1 (0.6%), T2 (0.5%) and T3 (0.3%). F. poae (0.3%) and F. subglutinans (0.2%) were isolated in the treatment T2, while F. graminearum was predominantly present in treatments T3 (10.8%), T1 (8.7%) and T2 (7.8%), and in the control T4 (3.5%). The obtained results point out that the application of urea affected the decrease in the intensity of Alternaria species infestation, but it also affected the increase of frequency of Fusarium species, especially F. graminearum, in comparison with the control and other treatments. Negative correlation was registered between the grain yield and the intensity of infestation of Fusarium species (collectively) and F. graminearum (individually).

scholarly journals Fusarium infection and deoxynivalenol contamination in winter wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
Z. Tomic ◽  
S. Stankovic ◽  
T. Petrovic ◽  
Z. Bijelic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Integrated Monitoring ◽  
Fusarium Infection ◽  
The Mean

In this paper, the incidence of Fusarium-infected grain of winter wheat and the content of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) was studied in two Serbian cultivars Simonida and NS40S, both harvested in 2014. The level of Fusarium contamination of wheat grain was determined using phytopathological techniques based on the standard methodology while DON was detected by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). The incidence of Fusarium-infected grain ranged from 12 to 19% for Simonida and NS40S, respectively. Fusarium graminearum, as well-known producer of DON mycotoxin, was identified among Fusarium species. In addition, Alternaria spp. was isolated in high percentage, with an average incidence of 53% (Simonida) to 63% (NS40S).The average content of DON ranged from 424 ?g kg-1 to 1101 ?g kg-1 for Simonida and NS40S cultivars, respectively. Statistically insignificant negative correlation (r = - 0.18) was determined between Fusariuminfected grain and DON in the cultivar Simonida and statistically insignificant positive correlation (r = 0.11) in the cultivar NS40S. The mean levels of DON in studied wheat samples of both tested cultivars were not higher than the maximum permitted limit (1250 ?g kg-1) although the level of Fusarium-infected grain of both cultivars was relatively high. These results indicate that both wheat cultivars are susceptible to Fusarium infection and DON mycotoxin production in agro-ecological conditions of Serbia, but the cultivar NS40S being more susceptible compared to cultivar Simonida. In view of all stated above, regular health check of grains and developing strategies for integrated monitoring of incidence of Fusarium head blight are necessary preventive measures in protection of winter wheat.

scholarly journals Species of the genus Fusarium and Fusarium toxins in the grain of winter and spring wheat in Poland

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Tomasz Góral ◽  
Piotr Ochodzki ◽  
Linda Kærgaard Nielsen ◽  
Dorota Walentyn-Góral
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Toxins ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Genus Fusarium

The aim of the study was to determine the presence of Fusarium species and mycotoxins in wheat grain from harvest in 2009 and 2010 in Poland. Samples from different locations were analyzed for the content of DNA of Fusarium species and mycotoxins. In 2009, DNA of F. graminearum and F. poae was present in all samples, F. culmorum in 82% of samples, and F. avenaceum in 55% of samples. In 2010, the highest content of DNA was found for F. graminearum followed by F. avenaceum, F. poae and F. langsethiae. The amount of F. culmorum DNA was very low. The most frequently occurring species were F. poae and F. graminearum, however, the amount of F. poae DNA was lower. In 2009, deoxynivalenol was detected in all samples. In 2010, the average content of deoxynivalenol was lower than in 2009. Nivalenol was detected at very low concentration in both years. Significant correlations between content of F. graminearum DNA and deoxynivalenol concentration in the grain and between content of F. poae DNA and nivalenol concentration in the grain in 2009 were found.

scholarly journals Composition and Predominance of Fusarium Species Causing Fusarium Head Blight in Winter Wheat Grain Depending on Cultivar Susceptibility and Meteorological Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Tim Birr ◽  
Mario Hasler ◽  
Joseph-Alexander Verreet ◽  
Holger Klink
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Dna Amount ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility ◽  
Dna Amounts

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most important diseases of wheat, causing yield losses and mycotoxin contamination of harvested grain. A complex of different toxigenic Fusarium species is responsible for FHB and the composition and predominance of species within the FHB complex are determined by meteorological and agronomic factors. In this study, grain of three different susceptible winter wheat cultivars from seven locations in northern Germany were analysed within a five-year survey from 2013 to 2017 by quantifying DNA amounts of different species within the Fusarium community as well as deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) concentrations. Several Fusarium species co-occur in wheat grain samples in all years and cultivars. F. graminearum was the most prevalent species, followed by F. culmorum, F. avenaceum and F. poae, while F. tricinctum and F. langsethiae played only a subordinate role in the FHB complex in terms of DNA amounts. In all cultivars, a comparable year-specific quantitative occurrence of the six detected species and mycotoxin concentrations were found, but with decreased DNA amounts and mycotoxin concentrations in the more tolerant cultivars, especially in years with higher disease pressure. In all years, similar percentages of DNA amounts of the six species to the total Fusarium DNA amount of all detected species were found between the three cultivars for each species, with F. graminearum being the most dominant species. Differences in DNA amounts and DON and ZEA concentrations between growing seasons depended mainly on moisture factors during flowering of wheat, while high precipitation and relative humidity were the crucial meteorological factors for infection of wheat grain by Fusarium. Highly positive correlations were found between the meteorological variables precipitation and relative humidity and DNA amounts of F. graminearum, DON and ZEA concentrations during flowering, whereas the corresponding correlations were much weaker several days before (heading) and after flowering (early and late milk stage).

scholarly journals Fusarium species and their mycotoxins in wheat grain

2011 ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Jelena Levic ◽  
Slavica Stankovic ◽  
Ana Stepanic
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Present Species ◽  
Wheat Grain

Incidence of fungi and concentration of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZON) and fumonisin (FB1) were studied in the grain of the winter wheat collected subsequently after harvesting in 2010. In the analyzed samples the highest incidence was determined for the species of Fusarium (84.7%) genus, significantly lower incidence was determined for the species of genus Alternaria (12.35%), and especially for species of genera Acremoniella (2.05%), Acremonium (0.65%) and Penicillium (0.25%). F. graminearum (99.05%) was the most present species of Fusarium genus, whereas the following species F. sporotrichioides (0.4%), F. subglutinans (0.4%), F. poae (0.05%), F. proliferatum (0.05%) and F. verticillioides (0.05%) were only sporadic. The presence of DON, ZON and FB1 mycotoxins was established in all studied wheat samples. DON was detected in concentrations from 123 to 393 ?g kg-1 (average 214 ?g kg-1), ZON from 157.144 to 471.055 ?g kg-1 (average 299.934 ?g kg-1), and FB1 from 2.715 to 16.488 ?g kg-1 (average 6.286 ?g kg-1).

scholarly journals Changes in Fusarium Link Species Composition From Lithuanian Wheat Grain in Years 2005-2007 to 2011-2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simonas Sakalauskas ◽  
Karina Stumbriene ◽  
Skaidre Suproniene ◽  
Povilas Svegzda
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Fusarium Infection

Abstract Changes in Fusarium species composition from naturally contaminated spring and winter wheat grain from the years 2005-2007 to 2011-2013 are presented. In general, Fusarium infection spring wheat grain was much more frequent than in winter wheat. In 2005-2007 F. avenaceum was dominant in both crops, with F. sporotrichioides, F. poae and F. culmorum isolated at lower levels, and F. graminearum, F. tricinctum, F. equiseti and F. oxysporum were occasionally found on both spring ant winter wheat. In 2011-2013, F. avenaceum lost its dominating status among Fusarium isolates in both crops, but the species composition of most frequently isolated fusaria in spring and winter wheat was quite different: F. graminearum, F. sporotrichioides, F. culmorum and F. avenaceum constituted the major part of fusaria isolated from spring wheat grain, while in winter wheat F. poae, F. sportotrichooides and the declining F. avenaceum were dominant.

Occurrence of Septoria species on cereals in Finland in 1971—1973

1975 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-244
Author(s):  
Kaiho Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Common Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Perfect Stage

This study was carried out on Septoria species found on cereals: spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.). The objective was to ascertain their distribution and general significance in Finland. The results were obtained from samples of cereals gathered in 2 040 fields all over the country during the growing season 1971-1973. The fungi in all the samples were examined by microscope and cultures and inoculation tests were used as well in laboratory. One of the Septoria species was found to occur on all the cereals, being most commonly on wheat and two-rowed barley, moderately common on winter rye, very rare on six rowed barley and only sporadic on oats. Septoria species were observed to occur most commonly in the southwestern and southern parts of the country, whereas they were very rare in the middle parts of the country and Ostrobothnia. The imperfect stages of the fungi (Septoria) occurred dominantly, whereas at all times the perfect stages (Leptosphaeria) were found only occasionally. The following Septoria species were found to occur on cereals: Septoria nodorum (Berk.) Berk. & Br. was found to occur as the most common species on spring and winter wheat and was moderately common on two-rowed barley. The fungus was found on wheat in 60—70 per cent, and on barley, in about 40 per cent of the localities and for both cereals in 1/3 of the fields that were studied. On the other hand the fungus was found to be very rare on six-rowed barley and winter rye in 610 per cent of the localities and only 2—4 per cent of the fields studied. Also in the inoculation tests it was found that S. nodorum isolates, which originated from different cereals, infected not only their own host but all the other cereals with the exception of oats. The perfect stage, Leptosphaeria nodorum Müller was found only a few times on spring wheat, spring barley and winter rye. Septoria avenue Frank f. sp. triticea T. Johanson was found to be the most common on two-rowed barley in about 45 percent of the localities and in about 1/3 of the fields studied; on wheat in about 35—40 per cent of the localities and in nearly 1/4of the fields studied. The perfect stage of the fungus, Leptosphaeria avenaria Weber f. sp. triticea T. Johnson was found only a few times on spring wheat and barley. S. avenae Frank f. sp. avenae Shaw was found to occur only occasionally on oats in nearly 10 per cent of the localities and only in 3 per cent of the fields studied. The perfect stage of the fungus, L. avenaria Weber f. sp. avenaria Shaw was found a few times also on oats. Septoria tritici. Rob. ex Desm. was found to occur only on winter wheat in about 1/2 of the localities and in about 40 per cent of the fields studied. The fungus was found only in the spring (May to early June). It sometimes attacked fields in great profusion. In the inoculation tests it was found that the S. triticis' isolate originated from rye weakly infected not only rye but also spring wheat and winter rye. Septoria secalis Prill. & Delacr. was found to occur only on winter rye, being moderately common in 1/2 of the localities and in about ¼ of the fields studied. On the basis of this study not much can be said about the magnitude or economic importance of the damages caused by the Septoria species. In addition to Septoria species, several other parasitic fungi such as Helminthosporium-, Puccinia-, Fusarium-species and Erysiphe graminis DC. were observed to grow at the same time on the leaves of cereals.

scholarly journals The relationships between ripeness, vigour and methods of harvest of winter wheat grain

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 473-479
Author(s):  
Riad Zaidan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Respiration Intensity ◽  
In Series ◽  
Three Stages

The purpose of our vigour tests was to reveal the relationships betwen the viability of wheat grains, their germination rate and capacity and respiration intensity. The wheat grain was collected in two ways. The first grain was removed from the ears immediately after harvest (denoted as series A) and the second grain was left in the ears at room temperature for two weeks after harvest (denoted as series B). This grain was harvested at three stages of ripeness (milk, wax and full ripeness). Our results demonstrated that wheat grain at the full ripeness stage was of better biological quality than that at milk and wax ripeness stages. The grain of series B from all ripeness stages showed a higher viability than the grain of series A. On the other hand, grains at milk, wax and full repeness in series B were more mature than those at milk, wax and full ripeness in series A. Therefore it can be concluded probably that the embryo and endosperm in the latter grains were much more developed and much organic matter was passing from the stalk to the seeds when they were kept in the ear for two weeks after harvest.

scholarly journals The presence of toxigenic Fusarium species and Fusariotoxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in winter wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
S. Stankovic ◽  
J. Levic
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Insignificant Correlation ◽  
Isolated Species

The frequency of fungi and mycotoxin concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) were studied in winter wheat grains harvested in 2009. The most frequently isolated species belonged to genera Alternaria (81.55%) and Fusarium (12%), followed by Rhizopus spp. (3.75%), Acremoniella spp. (1.15%) and other fungi (Acremonium spp., Arthrinium spp., Aspergillus spp., Bipolaris spp., Chaetomium spp., Nigrospora spp., Penicillium spp. and Ramichloridium spp.) isolated in less than 1%. The following species of the genus Fusarium were identified: F. graminearum (82.50%), F. sporotrichioides (5.42%), F. proliferatum (4.17%), F. subglutinans (4.17%), F. poae (1.66%), F. semitectum (1.25%), and F. verticillioides (0.83%). In 100% of wheat grain samples DON was detected (110-1200 ?g kg-1, average 490 ?g kg-1), while ZON was detected in 10% of samples and in the lower average of 70 ?g kg-1 with the limit values ranging from 60 to 80 ?g kg-1. Statistically significant positive correlations were established between the concentration of ZON with the frequency of F. graminearum (r = 0.63) or with the frequency of Fusarium spp. (r = 0.58). A negative insignificant correlation was determined between the DON level and the percentage of present Fusarium species.

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