scholarly journals Single extra dimension from κ-Poincaré and gauge invariance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Mathieu ◽  
Jean-Christophe Wallet

Abstract We show that κ-Poincaré invariant gauge theories on κ-Minkowski space with physically acceptable commutative (low energy) limit must be 5-d. The gauge invariance requirement of the action fixes the dimension of the κ-Minkowski space to d = 5 and selects the unique twisted differential calculus with which the construction can be achieved. We characterize a BRST symmetry related to the 5-d noncommutative gauge invariance though the definition of a nilpotent operation, which is used to construct a gauge-fixed action. We also consider standard scenarios assuming (compactification of) flat extra dimension, for which the 5-d deformation parameter κ can be viewed as the bulk 5-d Planck mass. We study physical properties of the resulting 4-d effective theories. Recent data from collider experiments require κ ≳ $$ \mathcal{O} $$ O (1013) GeV. The use of standard test of in-vacuo dispersion relations of Gamma Ray Burst photons increases this lower bound by 4 orders of magnitude. The robustness of this bound is discussed in the light of possible new features of noncommutative causal structures.

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Akyig~it ◽  
S. Ersoy ◽  
İ. Özgür ◽  
M. Tosun

We give the definition of generalized timelike Mannheim curve in Minkowski space-time . The necessary and sufficient conditions for the generalized timelike Mannheim curve are obtained. We show some characterizations of generalized Mannheim curve.


Author(s):  
MIGUEL G. ECHEVARRÍA ◽  
AHMAD IDILBI ◽  
IGNAZIO SCIMEMI

We consider the definition of unpolarized transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions while staying on-the-light-cone. By imposing a requirement of identical treatment of two collinear sectors, our approach, compatible with a generic factorization theorem with the soft function included, is valid for all non-ultra-violet regulators (as it should), an issue which causes much confusion in the whole field. We explain how large logarithms can be resummed in a way which can be considered as an alternative to the use of Collins-Soper evolution equation. The evolution properties are also discussed and the gauge-invariance, in both classes of gauges, regular and singular, is emphasized.


Author(s):  
Nuray GÜREL-POLAT

The diagnosis of autoimmune rheumatoid diseases can be made by combining parameters consisting of clinical, histopathological, laboratory and immunological tests. Among these parameters, autoantibodies are of great benefit in differential diagnosis, especially for patients with unclear clinical data. Immunofluorescence, ELISA, immunodiffusion, immunoprecipitation and Western blot can be used to identify autoantibodies. While autoantibodies like antinukleer antibody, double stranded deoksiribonukleic asid and anti neutrophils antibody are detected by immunofluorescence as a golden standard test, Anti-cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody (CCP), antiphospholipid antibodies (anti-cardiolipid) are evaluated by ELISA and ENA group by immunoblot or western blot. Today the number of autoantibodies that can be detected is over 100. The indication of some of these autoantibodies are not known even today. The definition of antinuclear antibody group autoantibodies plays a crucial role for the diagnosis and treatment of systemic and organ-specific illnesses. With these methods, practical, fast and trustworthy results in clinical medicine and clinical immunology can be obtained.


Author(s):  
Jean Zinn-Justin

Chapter 11 is the first of four chapters that discuss various issues connected with the Standard Model of fundamental interactions at the microscopic scale. It discusses the important notion of gauge invariance, first Abelian and then non–Abelian, the basic geometric structure that generates interactions. It relates it to the concept of parallel transport. Due to gauge invariance, not all components of the gauge field are dynamical and gauge fixing is required (with the problem of Gribov copies in non–Abelian theories). The quantization of non–Abelian gauge theories is briefly discussed, with the introduction of Faddeev–Popov ghost fields and the appearance of BRST symmetry.


1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Lingenfelter ◽  
V. C. Wang ◽  
J. C. Higdon

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (6-8) ◽  
pp. 1366-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasile Zoita ◽  
Sorin Soare ◽  
Teddy Craciunescu ◽  
Marian Curuia ◽  
Vasily Kiptily ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1750146
Author(s):  
A. G. Syromyatnikov

It is known that some string models predict that strong bursts of gravitational radiation which should be detectable by LIGO, VIRGO and LISA detectors are accompanied by cosmologic gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). GRBs of low-energy gamma ray are associated with core-collapse supernovae (SN). However, measurements of the X-ray afterglow of very intense GRBs (allow a critical test of GRB theories) disagree with that predicted by widely accepted fireball internal–external shocks models of GRBs. It is also known that in a system of a large number of fermions, pairs of gravitational interaction occur on spontaneous breaking of the vacuum spatial symmetry, accompanied by gravitational mass defect. In another side, the space rays generation mechanism on a method of direct transformation of intergalactic gamma-rays to the proton current on spin shock-waves ensures precise agreement between generated proton currents (spin shock waves theory) with the angular distribution data of Galactic gamma-rays as well as for the individual pulses of gamma-/X-ray bursts. There is a precise confirmation of the generated currents (theory) with the burst radiation data characterized by the standard deviation of [Formula: see text] in intensity in relative units within the sensitivity of the equipment. Thus, it was found that the spin angular momentum conservation law (equation of dynamics of spin shock waves) in the X-ray/gamma ranges is fulfilled exactly in real time. The nature of gamma bursts is largely determined by the influence of powerful external sources. The angular distributions anisotropy of Galactic gamma rays and pulsars are determined by the paradoxes way, so this can only take place under conditions of the isotropy of space–time. In this regard, promising gravity in a Finsler space can have the selected direction in flat Minkowski space metric with torsion as in the Einstein–Cartan theory. Considering the induction of torsion in conformal transformations of tetrades (N-ades in arbitrary dimension N) under the Conformal Gauge Theory of Gravity (CGTG), here is considered an exact cosmological solution with Friedman’s asymptotic in the form of conformal flat Fock’s metrics at large times, describing the stage of decay on a cold dust-like medium of do-not-interacting-among-themselves particles and a light-like isotropic radiation. It is shown that at high times, indeed, the process of enlarging the space–time in the model metrics Friedman conformal is equivalent to Minkowski space with a gradient torsion trace in the CGTG Newtonian limit, accompanied by a polarization effect separation of electric charges induced by an electric field [Formula: see text] is manifested in the formation of plasma-like medium with a zero complete electric charge, that in the later stages of evolution is identical to the Fock’s model of a cold dust-like medium of do-not-interacting-among-themselves particles moving here with the same speed. The trace of torsion on the CGTG formula is freezing into an electromagnetic field spin tensor trace density and [Formula: see text] defined inside a spherical surface, moving at the speed of light, on which experiencing a gap. Therefore, this decision takes the form of an electro-gravity spin density wave, as performed in kinematic and dynamic close connection conditions for theorems on spin shock waves with spin flip at the front of the wave, moving at the speed of light in a vacuum. The theoretical dependence of electro-gravity wave energy output from the size of the emitting object is received. When applied to GRBs, this can give a new mechanism of nonthermal gamma rays production.


1990 ◽  
Vol 05 (14) ◽  
pp. 2783-2798 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.I. GUENDELMAN

A new approach to the definition of the phases of a Poincare invariant gauge theory is developed. It is based on the role of gauge transformations that change the asymptotic value of the gauge fields from zero to a constant. In the context of theories without Higgs fields, this symmetry can be spontaneously broken when the gauge fields are massless particles, explicitly broken when the gauge fields develop a mass. Finally, the vacuum can be invariant under this transformation, this last case can be achieved when the theory has a violent infrared behavior, which in some theories can be connected to a confinement mechanism.


2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Carone ◽  
Joshua Erlich ◽  
Marc Sher

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