scholarly journals Spherical gravitational waves and quasi-spherical waves scattered from black string in massive gravity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongsheng Zhang ◽  
Yang Huang
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Wave Solution ◽  
Massive Gravity ◽  
Back Reaction ◽  
Birkhoff Theorem ◽  
Spherical Waves ◽  
Linear Perturbations ◽  
Singular Reference

Abstract Spherical gravitational wave is strictly forbidden in vacuum space in frame of general relativity by the Birkhoff theorem. We prove that spherical gravitational waves do exist in non-linear massive gravity, and find the exact solution with a special singular reference metric. Further more, we find exact gravitational wave solution with a singular string by meticulous studies of familiar equation, in which the horizon becomes non-compact. We analyze the properties of the congruence of graviton rays of these wave solution. We clarify subtle points of dispersion relation, velocity and mass of graviton in massive gravity with linear perturbations. We find that the graviton ray can be null in massive gravity by considering full back reaction of the massive gravitational waves to the metric. We demonstrate that massive gravity has deep and fundamental discrepancy from general relativity, for whatever a tiny mass of the graviton.

scholarly journals Modifications to Plane Gravitational Waves from Minimal Lorentz Violation

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Xu
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Lorentz Invariance ◽  
Lorentz Violation ◽  
First Order ◽  
Test Particles ◽  
Violation Of Lorentz Invariance ◽  
Plane Gravitational Waves ◽  
Wave Modes

General Relativity predicts two modes for plane gravitational waves. When a tiny violation of Lorentz invariance occurs, the two gravitational wave modes are modified. We use perturbation theory to study the detailed form of the modifications to the two gravitational wave modes from the minimal Lorentz-violation coupling. The perturbation solution for the metric fluctuation up to the first order in Lorentz violation is discussed. Then, we investigate the motions of test particles under the influence of the plane gravitational waves with Lorentz violation. First-order deviations from the usual motions are found.

Spherical gravitational waves

1959 ◽  
Vol 251 (994) ◽  
pp. 233-271 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Large Class ◽  
Linear Approximation ◽  
Gravitational Radiation ◽  
Gravitational Mass ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Spherical Waves ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
External Forces

The field of gravitational radiation emitted from two moving particles is investigated by means of general relativity. A method of approximation is used, and in the linear approximation retarded potentials corresponding to spherical gravitational waves are introduced. As is already known, the theory in this approximation predicts that energy is lost by the system. The field equations in the second, non-linear, approximation are then considered, and it is shown that the system loses an amount of gravitational mass precisely equal to the energy carried away by the spherical waves of the linear approximation. The result is established for a large class of particle motions, but it has not been possible to determine whether energy is lost in free gravitational motion under no external forces. The main conclusion of this work is that, contrary to opinions frequently expressed, gravitational radiation has a real physical existence, and in particular, carries energy away from the sources.

scholarly journals Gravitational waves in the spinor theory of gravity

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150003
Author(s):  
M. Novello ◽  
A. E. S. Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Spinor Theory ◽  
Ricci Flat ◽  
Theory Of Gravity

We analyze the gravitational waves within the Spinor Theory of Gravity (STG) and compare it with the General Relativity proposal. In the case of STG, a gravitational wave may occur if the effective gravitational metric induced by the spinorial field is Ricci flat.

scholarly journals Observation of gravitational waves by light polarization

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Park ◽  
Dong-Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Geometrical Optics ◽  
Light Polarization ◽  
Stokes Parameters ◽  
Phase Amplitude

AbstractWe provide analysis to determine the effects of gravitational waves on electromagnetic waves, using perturbation theory in general relativity. Our analysis is performed in a completely covariant manner without invoking any coordinates. For a given observer, using the geometrical-optics approach, we work out the perturbations of the phase, amplitude, frequency and polarization properties–axes of ellipse and ellipticity of light, due to gravitational waves. With regard to the observation of gravitational waves, we discuss the measurement of Stokes parameters, through which the antenna patterns are presented to show the detectability of the gravitational wave signals.

scholarly journals Gravitational-Wave Implications for the Parity Symmetry of Gravity at GeV Scale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Wang ◽  
Rui Niu ◽  
Wen Zhao ◽  
Tao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Energy Region ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
High Energy Region ◽  
Parity Symmetry ◽  
Parity Conservation

Abstract Einstein's general relativity, as the most successful theory of gravity, is one of the cornerstones of modern physics. However, the experimental tests for gravity in the high energy region are limited. The emerging gravitational-wave astronomy has opened an avenue for probing the fundamental properties of gravity in strong and dynamical field, and in particular, high energy regime. In this work, we focus on the parity symmetry of gravity. For broken parity, the left- and right-handed modes of gravitational waves would follow different equations of motion, dubbed as birefringence. We perform the first full Bayesian inference of the parity conservation of gravity by comparing the state-of-the-art waveform with the compact binary coalescence data released by LIGO and Virgo collaboration. We do not find any violations of general relativity, thus obtain the lower bound of the parity-violating energy scale to be $0.09$ GeV through the velocity birefringence of gravitational waves. This provides the most stringent experimental test of gravitational parity symmetry up to date, and for the first time, in the high energy region, which ushers in a new era of using gravitational waves to test the ultraviolet behavior of gravity. We also find third-generation gravitational-wave detectors can enhance this bound to $\mathcal{O}(10^2)$ GeV if there is still no violation, comparable to the current LHC energy scale in particle physics.

scholarly journals Parameterized and Consistency Tests of Gravity with GravitationalWaves: Current and Future

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zack Carson ◽  
Kent Yagi
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Dynamical Regime ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Tests Of General Relativity ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Tests Of Gravity ◽  
Multi Band

Gravitational wave observations offer unique opportunities to probe gravity in the strong and dynamical regime, which was difficult to access previously. We here review two theory-agnostic ways to carry out tests of general relativity with gravitational waves, namely (i) parameterized waveform tests and (ii) consistency tests between the inspiral and merger-ringdown portions. For each method, we explain the formalism, followed by results from existing events, and finally we discuss future prospects with upgraded detectors, including the possibility of using multi-band gravitational-wave observations with ground-based and space-borne interferometers. We show that such future observations have the potential to improve upon current bounds on theories beyond general relativity by many orders of magnitude. We conclude by listing several open questions that remain to be addressed.

scholarly journals The holographic p + ip solution failed to win the competition in dRGT massive gravity

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang-Yu Nie ◽  
Ya-Peng Hu ◽  
Hui Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Wave Solution ◽  
Mass Parameter ◽  
Massive Gravity ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Back Reaction ◽  
Special Choice ◽  
Graviton Mass ◽  
Numerical Work ◽  
Grand Potential

AbstractIn this paper, the holographic p-wave superfluid model with charged complex vector field is studied in dRGT massive gravity beyond the probe limit. The stability of p-wave and p + ip solutions are compared in the grand canonical ensemble. The p-wave solution always get lower value of grand potential than the p + ip solution, showing that the holographic system still favors an anisotropic (p-wave) solution even with considering a massive gravity theory in bulk. In the holographic superconductor models with dRGT massive gravity in bulk, a key scaling symmetry is found to be violated by fixing the reference metric parameter $$c_0$$ c 0 . Therefore, in order to get the dependence of condensate and grand potential on temperature, different values of horizon radius should be considered in numerical work. With a special choice of model parameters, we further study the dependence of critical back-reaction strength on the graviton mass parameter, beyond which the superfluid phase transition become first order. We also give the dependence of critical temperature on the back reaction strength b and graviton mass parameter $$m^2$$ m 2 .

TS-LIKE GRAVITATIONAL WAVES IN 4D EINSTEIN GRAVITY

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (07) ◽  
pp. 557-566
Author(s):  
YI-HUAN WEI
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Coordinate Transformation ◽  
Wave Solution ◽  
Einstein Gravity ◽  
Gauge Potential ◽  
Wave Solutions

We propose TS-like class of gravitational wave solutions in 4D Einstein gravity. TS1-like gravitational wave solution is analyzed in detail. On the axis, the gauge potential changes from a finite value to zero at t = τ. The spacetime on the axis approaches the flat one as t → ∞. It is found that by an appropriate parameter substitution and coordinate transformation TS-like gravitational wave solutions in 4D Einstein gravity may be obtained from TS solutions.

scholarly journals Gravitational waves — A review on the theoretical foundations of gravitational radiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (14n15) ◽  
pp. 1830013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Dirkes
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Gravitational Radiation ◽  
Wave Zone ◽  
Einstein Field Equations ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Radiative Losses ◽  
Zone Field ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

In this paper, we review the theoretical foundations of gravitational waves in the framework of Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity. Following Einstein’s early efforts, we first derive the linearized Einstein field equations and work out the corresponding gravitational wave equation. Moreover, we present the gravitational potentials in the far away wave zone field point approximation obtained from the relaxed Einstein field equations. We close this review by taking a closer look on the radiative losses of gravitating [Formula: see text]-body systems and present some aspects of the current interferometric gravitational waves detectors. Each section has a separate appendix contribution where further computational details are displayed. To conclude, we summarize the main results and present a brief outlook in terms of current ongoing efforts to build a spaced-based gravitational wave observatory.

The laser gravitational compass: A spheroidal interferometric gravitational observatory

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 2040020
Author(s):  
Ivan S. Ferreira ◽  
C. Frajuca ◽  
Nadja S. Magalhaes ◽  
M. D. Maia ◽  
Claudio M. G. Sousa
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Gravitational Wave Detectors ◽  
Alternative Theories ◽  
Theories Of Gravitation

Using the observational properties of Einstein’s gravitational field it is shown that a minimum of four non-coplanar mass probes are necessary for a Michelson and Morley interferometer to detect gravitational waves within the context of General Relativity. With fewer probes, some alternative theories of gravitation can also explain the observations. The conversion of the existing gravitational wave detectors to four probes is also suggested.

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