scholarly journals European maize landraces made accessible for plant breeding and genome-based studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (12) ◽  
pp. 3333-3345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin C. Hölker ◽  
Manfred Mayer ◽  
Thomas Presterl ◽  
Therese Bolduan ◽  
Eva Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Maize Landraces ◽  
Dh Lines

Key message Doubled-haploid libraries from landraces capture native genetic diversity for a multitude of quantitative traits and make it accessible for breeding and genome-based studies. Abstract Maize landraces comprise large allelic diversity. We created doubled-haploid (DH) libraries from three European flint maize landraces and characterized them with respect to their molecular diversity, population structure, trait means, variances, and trait correlations. In total, 899 DH lines were evaluated using high-quality genotypic and multi-environment phenotypic data from up to 11 environments. The DH lines covered 95% of the molecular variation present in 35 landraces of an earlier study and represent the original three landrace populations in an unbiased manner. A comprehensive analysis of the target trait plant development at early growth stages as well as other important agronomic traits revealed large genetic variation for line per se and testcross performance. The majority of the 378 DH lines evaluated as testcrosses outperformed the commercial hybrids for early development. For total biomass yield, we observed a yield gap of 15% between mean testcross yield of the commercial hybrids and mean testcross yield of the DH lines. The DH lines also exhibited genetic variation for undesirable traits like root lodging and tillering, but correlations with target traits early development and yield were low or nonsignificant. The presented diversity atlas is a valuable, publicly available resource for genome-based studies to identify novel trait variation and evaluate the prospects of genomic prediction in landrace-derived material.

scholarly journals Generation of Doubled Haploid Wheat-Triticum urartu Introgression Lines and Their Characterisation Using Chromosome-Specific KASP Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surbhi Grewal ◽  
Veronica Guwela ◽  
Claire Newell ◽  
Cai-yun Yang ◽  
Stephen Ashling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Genotyping Array ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Stable Transmission ◽  
Kasp Markers

Wheat is one of the most important food and protein sources in the world and although, in recent years wheat breeders have achieved yield gains, they are not sufficient to meet the demands of an ever-growing population. Development of high yielding wheat varieties, resilient to abiotic and biotic stress resulting from climate change, has been limited by wheat’s narrow genetic base. In contrast to wheat, the wild relatives of wheat provide a vast reservoir of genetic variation for most, if not all, agronomic traits. Previous studies by the authors have shown the transfer of genetic variation from T. urartu into bread wheat. However, before the introgression lines can be exploited for trait analysis, they are required to have stable transmission of the introgressions to the next generation. In this work, we describe the generation of 86 doubled haploid (DH) wheat-T. urartu introgression lines that carry homozygous introgressions which are stably inherited. The DH lines were characterised using the Axiom® Wheat Relative Genotyping Array and 151 KASP markers to identify 65 unique T. urartu introgressions in a bread wheat background. DH production has helped accelerate the breeding process and facilitated the early release of homozygous wheat-T. urartu introgression lines. Together with the KASP markers, this valuable resource could greatly advance identification of beneficial alleles that can be used in wheat improvement.

Introgression of B-genome chromosomes in a doubled haploid population of Brassica napus × B. carinata

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 619-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. K. Navabi ◽  
I. A.P. Parkin ◽  
J. C. Pires ◽  
Z. Xiong ◽  
M. R. Thiagarajah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Erucic Acid Content ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Dh Population ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Dh Lines

The Brassica B-genome species possess many valuable agronomic and disease resistance traits. To transfer traits from the B genome of B. carinata into B. napus , an interspecific cross between B. napus and B. carinata was performed and a doubled haploid (DH) population was generated from the BC2S3 generation. Successful production of interspecific DH lines as identified using B-genome microsatellite markers is reported. Five percent of DH lines carry either intact B-genome chromosomes or chromosomes that have deletions. All of the DH lines have linkage group J13/B7 in common. This was further confirmed using B. nigra genomic DNA in a fluorescent in situ hybridization assay where the B-genome chromosomes were visualized and distinguished from the A- and C-genome chromosomes. The 60 DH lines were also evaluated for morphological traits in the field for two seasons and were tested for resistance to blackleg, caused by Leptosphaeria maculans , under greenhouse conditions. Variation in the DH population followed a normal distribution for several agronomic traits and response to blackleg. The lines with B-genome chromosomes were significantly different (p < 0.01) from the lines without B-genome chromosomes for both morphological and seed quality traits such as days to flowering, days to maturity, and erucic acid content.

scholarly journals Selective Loss of Diversity in Doubled-Haploid Lines from European Maize Landraces

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2497-2506
Author(s):  
Leo Zeitler ◽  
Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra ◽  
Markus G. Stetter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Functional Sites ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Individual Snps ◽  
Maize Landraces ◽  
Loss Of Diversity ◽  
Dh Lines

Maize landraces are well adapted to their local environments and present valuable sources of genetic diversity for breeding and conservation. But the maintenance of open-pollinated landraces in ex-situ programs is challenging, as regeneration of seed can often lead to inbreeding depression and the loss of diversity due to genetic drift. Recent reports suggest that the production of doubled-haploid (DH) lines from landraces may serve as a convenient means to preserve genetic diversity in a homozygous form that is immediately useful for modern breeding. The production of doubled-haploid (DH) lines presents an extreme case of inbreeding which results in instantaneous homozygosity genome-wide. Here, we analyzed the effect of DH production on genetic diversity, using genome-wide SNP data from hundreds of individuals of five European landraces and their related DH lines. In contrast to previous findings, we observe a dramatic loss of diversity at both the haplotype level and that of individual SNPs. We identify thousands of SNPs that exhibit allele frequency differences larger than expected under models of neutral genetic drift and document losses of shared haplotypes. We find evidence consistent with selection at functional sites that are potentially involved in the diversity differences between landrace and DH populations. Although we were unable to uncover more details about the mode of selection, we conclude that landrace DH lines may be a valuable tool for the introduction of variation into maize breeding programs but come at the cost of decreased genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Agronomic Performance of Doubled Haploid Lines and Pedigree-Derived Lines of Winter Oilseed Rape

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
V. Kučera ◽  
E. Schwarzbach ◽  
M. Klíma ◽  
M. Vyvadilová
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Actual System ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
The Given ◽  
Overlapping Sets

In four not overlapping sets of cultivars, including doubled haploid (DH) lines and pedigree derived (PD) lines of winter oilseed rape, both types of lines were compared in basic agronomic traits. The tested lines originated from breeding programmes of different breeders. Each set of cultivars was tested in a different year from 2001 to 2004 in multi-location trials with four replicates. There was no consistency in yield superiority of DH or PD lines and in all four sets the differences between the means of DH and PD groups were insignificant. On average, the differences between the groups of DH and PD lines were negligible in all evaluated agronomic traits. The statistical analyses of yield performance however revealed a very low predictive value of the multi-location trials. It can be concluded that with the given selection techniques and the actual system of cultivar trials nearly random samples of possible DH and PD lines were obtained in which no superiority of DH or PD lines in the evaluated agronomic traits could be detected. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Selective loss of diversity in doubled-haploid lines from European maize landraces

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Zeitler ◽  
Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra ◽  
Markus G Stetter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Functional Sites ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Individual Snps ◽  
Maize Landraces ◽  
Loss Of Diversity ◽  
Dh Lines

ABSTRACTMaize landraces are well adapted to their local environments and present valuable sources of genetic diversity for breeding and conservation. But the maintenance of open-pollinated landraces in ex-situ programs is challenging, as regeneration of seed can often lead to inbreeding depression and the loss of diversity due to genetic drift. Recent reports suggest that the production of doubled-haploid (DH) lines from landraces may serve as a convenient means to preserve genetic diversity in a homozygous form that is immediately useful for modern breeding. The production of doubled-haploid (DH) lines presents an extreme case of inbreeding which results in instantaneous homozygosity genome-wide. Here, we analyzed the effect of DH production on genetic diversity, using genome-wide SNP data from hundreds of individuals of five European landraces and their related DH lines. In contrast to previous findings, we observe a dramatic loss of diversity at both the haplotype level and that of individual SNPs. We identify thousands of SNPs that exhibit allele frequency differences larger than expected under models of neutral genetic drift and document losses of shared haplotypes. We find evidence consistent with selection at functional sites that are potentially involved in the diversity differences between landrace and DH populations. Although we were unable to uncover more details about the mode of selection, we conclude that landrace DH lines may be a valuable tool for the introduction of variation into maize breeding programs but come at the cost of decreased genetic diversity and increased genetic load.

scholarly journals Assessment of molecular diversity in doubled haploid lines of Camelina (Camelina sativa), as a new emerging oil crop

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozafar Sadeghikian ◽  
Abdollah Najaphy ◽  
Danial Kahrizi ◽  
Hossein Rostami-Ahmadvandi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Doubled Haploid Lines ◽  
Dh Lines

Abstract Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz], an oilseed crop, belongs to Brassicaceae family. Two unique features of camelina in comparison with the main oil crops are adaptation to different environments and also its unique oil composition. Development of doubled haploid plants is one of the essential methods for the crop improvement. This research was conducted to evaluate the genetic variation of 81 Camelina doubled haploid (DH) lines obtained from fifteen crosses by ISSR markers. The total number of amplified bands was 243, of which 239 bands (98.3%) showed polymorphism. The percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) varied between 93.75 and 100. The size of the bands ranged from 50 to 1,700 base pairs. The informative ISSRs were identified by estimating marker features: polymorphism information content (PIC), effective multiplex ratio (EMR), marker index (MI) and resolving power (RP). Three markers had higher RP values (9.88, 8.5 and 7.46) and were the most informative markers to identify the DH lines. Cluster analysis based on Complete algorithm divided the lines into five groups, indicating relatively clear configuration from the geographic distribution patterns of the parents of the doubled haploid lines. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) classified the 81 camelina DH lines into six groups. The lines grouping by these two methods was similar to each other. The ISSR markers detected high polymorphism to reveal genetic variation of camelina DH lines. The findings of this research, along with biochemical traits, can improve classical and molecular breeding programs of camelina.

scholarly journals Genetic variation at flowering time loci in wild and cultivated barley

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Cockram ◽  
Huw Hones ◽  
Donal M. O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Wild Germplasm ◽  
Cultivated Barley

The worldwide spread of barley cultivation required adaptation to agricultural environments far distant from those found in its centre of domestication. An important component of this adaptation is the timing of flowering, achieved predominantly in response to day length and temperature. Here, we use a collection of cultivars, landraces and wild barley accessions to investigate the origins and distribution of allelic diversity at four major flowering time loci, mutations at which have been under selection during the spread of barley cultivation into Europe. Our findings suggest that while mutant alleles at the PPD-H1 and PPD-H2 photoperiod loci occurred pre-domestication, the mutant vernalization non-responsive alleles utilized in landraces and cultivars at the VRN-H1 and VRN-H2 loci occurred post-domestication. The transition from wild to cultivated barley is associated with a doubling in the number of observed multi-locus flowering-time haplotypes, suggesting that the resulting phenotypic variation has aided adaptation to cultivation in the diverse ecogeographic locations encountered. Despite the importance of early-flowering alleles during the domestication of barley in Europe, we show that novel VRN alleles associated with early flowering in wild barley have been lost in domesticates, highlighting the potential of wild germplasm as a source of novel allelic variation for agronomic traits.

scholarly journals Research and Application of Molecular and Phenotypic Data for Tree Biodiversity Evaluation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 564
Author(s):  
Gaetano Distefano
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Tree Crop ◽  
Ecological Habitats

The main challenges for tree crop improvement are linked to the sustainable development of agro-ecological habitats, improving the adaptability to limiting environmental factors and resistance to biotic stresses or promoting novel genotypes with improved agronomic traits [...]

Genetic Variation Affecting Agronomic Traits in Sugarcane in Response to High and Low Phosphorus Availability

2014 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 2296-2304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo da Silveira ◽  
Paulo M. de A. Costa ◽  
Volmir Kist ◽  
Cleverson de F. Almeida ◽  
David Carlos F. Baffa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
Low Phosphorus

scholarly journals Genetic control of agronomic traits in an oat population of recombinant lines

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itamar Cristiano Nava ◽  
Ismael Tiago de Lima Duarte ◽  
Marcelo Teixeira Pacheco ◽  
Luiz Carlos Federizzi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Plant Growth Habit ◽  
Vegetative Cycle ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection

Understanding the genetic control of phenotypic traits is essential to increase the efficiency of selection for adapted, high-yielding genotypes. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic control of nine traits of hexaploid oat. Phenotypic data were collected from a population of 162 recombinant lines derived from the cross 'UFRGS17 x UFRGS 930598-6'. For the traits plant growth habit, hairs on leaf edges and panicle type, monogenic genetic control was observed. A quantitative and/or polygenic genetic control was stated for the traits panicle weight, panicle length, vegetative cycle, plant height, test weight and grain yield. High heritability was estimated for the traits vegetative cycle (h² = 0.89) and plant height (h² = 0.79), while moderate heritability was determined for test weight (h² = 0.51) and grain yield (h² = 0.48).

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