scholarly journals Genetic control of agronomic traits in an oat population of recombinant lines

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itamar Cristiano Nava ◽  
Ismael Tiago de Lima Duarte ◽  
Marcelo Teixeira Pacheco ◽  
Luiz Carlos Federizzi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Plant Growth Habit ◽  
Vegetative Cycle ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection

Understanding the genetic control of phenotypic traits is essential to increase the efficiency of selection for adapted, high-yielding genotypes. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic control of nine traits of hexaploid oat. Phenotypic data were collected from a population of 162 recombinant lines derived from the cross 'UFRGS17 x UFRGS 930598-6'. For the traits plant growth habit, hairs on leaf edges and panicle type, monogenic genetic control was observed. A quantitative and/or polygenic genetic control was stated for the traits panicle weight, panicle length, vegetative cycle, plant height, test weight and grain yield. High heritability was estimated for the traits vegetative cycle (h² = 0.89) and plant height (h² = 0.79), while moderate heritability was determined for test weight (h² = 0.51) and grain yield (h² = 0.48).

Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling agronomic traits in the spring wheat cross RL4452 × 'AC Domain'

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 870-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A McCartney ◽  
D J Somers ◽  
D G Humphreys ◽  
O Lukow ◽  
N Ames ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Relatively little is known about the genetic control of agronomic traits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) compared with traits that follow Mendelian segregation patterns. A doubled-haploid population was generated from the cross RL4452 × 'AC Domain' to study the inheritance of the agronomic traits: plant height, time to maturity, lodging, grain yield, test weight, and 1000-grain weight. This cross includes the genetics of 2 western Canadian wheat marketing classes. Composite interval mapping was conducted with a microsatellite linkage map, incorporating 369 loci, and phenotypic data from multiple Manitoba environments. The plant height quantitative trait loci (QTLs), QHt.crc-4B and QHt.crc-4D, mapped to the expected locations of Rht-B1 and Rht-D1. These QTLs were responsible for most of the variation in plant height and were associated with other agronomic traits. An additional 25 agronomic QTLs were detected in the RL4452 × 'AC Domain' population beyond those associated with QHt.crc-4B and QHt.crc-4D. 'AC Domain' contributed 4 alleles for early maturity, including a major time to maturity QTL on 7D. RL4452 contributed 2 major alleles for increased grain yield at QYld.crc-2B and QYld.crc-4A, which are potential targets for marker-assisted selection. A key test weight QTL was detected on 3B and prominent 1000-grain weight QTLs were identified on 3D and 4A.Key words: height, lodging, mapping, maturity, microsatellite markers, test weight, 1000-grain weight, Triticum aestivum, wheat, yield.

scholarly journals Genotype by environment interaction, correlation, AMMI, GGE biplot and cluster analysis for grain yield and other agronomic traits in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258211
Author(s):  
Muluken Enyew ◽  
Tileye Feyissa ◽  
Mulatu Geleta ◽  
Kassahun Tesfaye ◽  
Cecilia Hammenhag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Genotype by environment (G×E) interaction is a major factor limiting the success of germplasm selection and identification of superior genotypes for use in plant breeding programs. Similar to the case in other crops, G×E complicates the improvement of sorghum, and hence it should be determined and used in decision-making programs. The present study aimed at assessing the G×E interaction, and the correlation between traits for superior sorghum genotypes. Three hundred twenty sorghum landraces and four improved varieties were used in alpha lattice experimental design-based field trial across three environments (Melkassa, Mieso and Mehoni) in Ethiopia. Phenotypic data were collected for days to flowering (DTF), plant height (PH), panicle length (PALH), panicle width (PAWD), panicle weight (PAWT) and grain yield (GY). The results revealed that the variance due to genotype, environment and G×E interaction were highly significant (P < 0.001) for all traits. GY and PAWT were highly affected by environments and G×E whereas DTF, PALH, PAWD and PH were mainly affected by genotypic variation. Therefore, multi-environment testing is needed for taking care of G × E interaction to identify high yielding and stable sorghum landraces. GY and PAWT revealed highly significant positive correlations indicating the possibility of effective selection of the two traits simultaneously. Among the studied populations, South Wello, West Hararghe and Shewa zones had highly diverse genotypes that were distributed across all clusters. Hence, these areas can be considered as hotspots for identifying divergent sorghum landraces that could be used in breeding programs. Melkassa was the most representative environment whereas Mieso was the most discriminating. Five genotypes (G148, G123, G110, G203 and G73) were identified as superior across the test environments for grain yield with farmer-preferred trait, such as plant height. The identified stable and high yielding genotypes are valuable genetic resources that should be used in sorghum breeding programs.

Genetic diversity among Italian melon inodorus (Cucumis melo L.) germplasm revealed by ISSR analysis and agronomic traits

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sestili ◽  
A. Giardini ◽  
N. Ficcadenti
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Issr Primers

The genetic relationships among 13 melon inodorus populations that were collected in southern Italy were assessed using 100 inter-simple-sequence repeat (ISSR) primers and 15 morphological traits. The dihaploid line Nad-1 and the cultivar Charentais-T, both of which belong to the botanical variety cantalupensis, were used as reference accessions in the molecular analysis. A total of 358 polymorphic bands were obtained from 39 of the 100 ISSR primers used, and 15 phenotypic traits were scored and used for genetic-similarity calculations and cluster analysis. The resulting dendrograms based on the ISSR and phenotypic data allowed almost all of the melon genotypes to be distinguished on the basis of the skin colour of the fruits. Mantel's test revealed a good correlation between the morphological and molecular data in their ability to detect genetic relationships among melon ecotypes (r = 0.50, P = 0.99). The data obtained confirm the effectiveness of this approach, and open new perspectives to reveal possible molecular associations with the phenotypic traits analysed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of agronomic traits and assessment of genetic variability in some popular wheat genotypes cultivated in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
pp. 847-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soleman M. Al-Otayk
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Days To Maturity

The present study was carried out to evaluate agronomic traits and assessment of genetic variability of some wheat genotypes at Qassim region, Saudi Arabia', during 2010/11 and2011/12 seasons. Fourteen wheat genotypes including five bread wheat and nine durum wheat genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications. The genotypes were evaluated for ten different yield contributing characters viz., days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling period, grain filling rate, plant height, number of spikes m-2, kernels spike-1, 1000-kernel weight, grain yield and straw yield. The combined analysis of variance indicated the presence of significant differences between years for most characters. The genotypes exhibited significant variation for all the characters studied indicating considerable amount of variation among genotypes for each character. Maximum coefficient of variation was observed for number of spikes m-2 (17%), while minimum value was found for days to maturity. Four genotypes produced maximum grain yield and statistically similar, out of them two bread wheat genotypes (AC-3 and SD12) and the other two were durum wheat (AC-5 and BS-1). The genotypes AC-3, AC-5 and BS-1 had higher grain yield and stable in performance across seasons. The estimation of phenotypic coefficient of variation in all the traits studied was greater than those of the genotypic coefficient of variation. High heritability estimates (> 0.5) were observed for days to heading, days to maturity, and plant height, while the other characters recorded low to moderate heritability. The high GA % for plant height and days to heading (day) was accompanied by high heritability estimates, which indicated that heritability is mainly due to genetic variance. Comparatively high expected genetic advances were observed for grain yield components such as number of kernels spike-1 and 1000-kernel weight. Grain yield had the low heritability estimate with a relatively intermediate value for expected genetic advance. The results of principle component analysis (PCA) indicated that the superior durum wheat genotypes for grain yield in the two seasons (AC-5 and BS-1) are clustered in group II (Fig. 2). Also, the superior two bread wheat genotypes (AC-3 and SD12) were in group I. Therefore, it could be future breeding program to develop new high yielding genotypes in bread and durum wheat.

Detection of molecular markers associated with yield and yield components in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) under saline conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dura ◽  
M. Duwayri ◽  
M. Nachit ◽  
F. Al Sheyab
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Ssr Loci

Durum wheat is one of the most important staple food crops, grown mainly in the Mediterranean region where its productivity is drastically affected by salinity. The objective of this study was to identify markers associated with grain yield and its related traits under saline conditions. A population of 114 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was derived by single-seed descent from a cross between Belikh2 (salinity-tolerant variety) and Omrabi5 (less salinity tolerant) was grown under non-saline and saline conditions in a glasshouse. Phenotypic data of the RILs and parental lines were measured for 15 agronomic traits. Association of 96 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci covering all 14 chromosomes with 15 agronomic traits was analysed with a mixed linear model. In total, 49 SSR loci were significantly associated with these traits. Under saline conditions, 12 markers were associated with phenological traits and 19 markers were associated with yield and yield components. Marker alleles from Belikh2 were associated with a positive effect for the majority of markers associated with yield and yield components. Under saline condition, five markers (Xwmc182, Xwmc388, Xwmc398, Xbarc61, and Xwmc177) were closely linked with grain yield, located on chromosomes 2A, 3A, 3B, 4B, 5A, 6B, and 7A. These markers could be used for marker-assisted selection in durum wheat breeding under saline conditions.

scholarly journals Genetic Control and Phenotypic Characterization of Panicle Architecture and Grain Yield Related Traits in Foxtail Millet (Setaria Italica)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhi ◽  
Qiang He ◽  
Sha Tang ◽  
Junjun Yang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Qtl Cluster ◽  
Panicle Architecture

Abstract Panicle architecture and grain weight, both of which are influenced by genetic and environmental factors, have significant effects on grain yield potential. Here, we used a recombinant inbred line population (RIL) of 333 lines, which were grown in 13 trials with varying environmental conditions, to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control differences in 9 agronomic traits related to panicle architecture and grain yield. We find that panicle weight, grain weight per panicle, panicle length, panicle diameter, and panicle exsertion length varied across different geographical locations. QTL mapping revealed 159 QTL for nine traits, of these, 34 QTL were identified in 2 to 12 environments, suggesting that the genetic control of panicle architecture in foxtail millet is sensitive to photoperiod or other environmental factors. 88 QTL controlling different traits formed 34 co-located QTL clusters, including the triple QTL cluster qPD9.2/qPL9.5/qPEL9.3, the genomic region of which was detected by 23 times in 13 environments. Several candidate genes were identified in the genomic intervals of multi-environmental QTL or co-located QTL clusters, including Seita.2G388700, Seita.3G136000, Seita.4G185300, Seita.5G241500, Seita.5G243100, Seita.9G281300, and Seita.9G342700. Among these, Seita.9G342700 was the candidate gene of qPD9.2/qPL9.5/qPEL9.3 QTL cluster, it is homologous to rice OsMADS56, which encodes a putative MADS-box transcription factor that determines inflorescence architecture in rice. These results not only provided a basis for further fine mapping, functional studies and marker-assisted selection of panicle architecture related traits in foxtail millet, but also benefited comparative genomics of cereal crops.

scholarly journals Genetic variability to improve yield and resistance to bacterial leaf blight in rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-589
Author(s):  
AK Singh ◽  
RK Singh ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
M Arya ◽  
PK Singh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
Panicle Weight

One hundred F2 and F3 single plant progenies along with their parents and the infector rows were evaluated for 13 quantitative traits to assess the genetic variability, heritability, associations and estimation of number of genes for bacterial leaf blight resistance and yield related traits. In both F2 and F3, a wide range of variability was present for all the traits, indicating considerable scope for selection. High heritability accompanied with high genetic advance was observed for plant height, panicle length, panicle weight, number of effective tillers per plant and grain yield per plant. Positive and significant correlation were observed between grain yield per plant with days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, panicle weight, number of effective tillers per plant, test weight and flag leaf length in either one of the generation or in combination of both F2 and F3. Path-coefficients analysis showed that plant height, panicle length and test weight had high direct positive effect in both the F2 and F3. The estimated number of gene(s) in the segregating generations for bacterial leaf blight was 2.14 in the F2 and 0.92 in the F3 revealed that two genes were involved in the inheritance of resistance to bacterial leaf blight in F2, while only one gene in F3 due to dominance effect.

scholarly journals AGRONOMIC TRAITS EVALUATION IN IRRIGATED SORGHUM IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
AMADEU REGITANO NETO ◽  
RAFAEL DANTAS DOS SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Semi Arid

Green and dry matter production, along with grain yield and otheragronomic traits, were assessed in 44 sorghum genotypes. Two sets of genotypes were formed based on known plant height, aiming to evaluate green and dry matter production and grain yield, as well as to separate forage and grain sorghum genotypes. The evaluations were performed based on experiments with three replications, being one irrigated (drip system) in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, and the other rainfed, in Nossa Senhora da Glória, state of Sergipe, Brazil. Sowing dates were July 30, 2016, in Nossa Senhora da Glória; July 13, 2017, and October 24, 2018, in Petrolina; with 117 and 128 days from sowing to harvest, respectively. Expressive forage production was observed in genotypes EP-17 and SF-11, which exceeded 120 t ha-1. BRS 506 produced 108 t ha-1, while 13F03(1141572), P-294, P-288, 2502 x 467, BRS Ponta Negra, and SF-15 presented green matter production ranging from 94 to 98.5 t ha-1. Dry matter production was highly correlated with green matter production, and SF-11 had the best performance of 45.5 t ha-1. The observed plant height was more expressive for forage sorghum genotypes, being this trait highly correlated with the green and dry matter. The best grain yield performance reached 13.4 and 10.3 t ha-1, values observed for 9910032 and BRS Ponta Negra, respectively. The results demonstrate the full adaptability of sorghum to the semi-arid environment and the feasibility to produce roughage and grains under irrigation in the Brazilian semi-arid region.

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic variability, correlation and path association in rice (oryza sativa l.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
SK Yadav ◽  
BG Suresh ◽  
Praveen Pandey ◽  
Binod Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Biological Yield

Context: Direct selection based on crop yields is often a paradox in breeding programmes because yield is a complex polygenically inherited character, influenced by its component traits.   Objectives: The present research work was taken up to assess genetic variability, phenotypic and genotypic associations between various components of grain yield to provide basis for selection and yield improvement in rice.   Materials and Methods: Correlation coefficient and path association are used to find out the degree (strength) and direction of relationship between two or more variable and for fixing up the characters which are having decisive role in influencing the yield. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out to establish the extent of association between yield and yield components and others characters in rice. Analysis of variance revealed that significant amount of genetic variability was present in the entire characters studied.   Results: High heritability coupled with high to moderate genetic advance as % of mean was observed on plant height seed yield per plant, biological yield, harvest index, test weight and number of spikelets per panicle suggesting preponderance of additive gene action in the expression of these characters. The correlation coefficient between seed yield per plant and other quantitative attributing to yield showed that grain yield was significantly and positively associated with harvest index, number of tillers per hill, number of panicle per plant, panicle length, number of spikelet's per panicle and test weight at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Path coefficient at genotypic level revealed that harvest index, biological yield, number of tillers per hill, panicle length, number of spikelets per panicle, plant height and test weight had direct positive effect on seed yield per hill, indicating these are the main contributors to yield.Conclusion: From the correlation and path study it may be concluded that harvest index, number of tillers per hill, panicle length, and number of spikelet per panicle and test weight are the most important characters that contributed directly to seed yield per hill. Thus a genotype with higher magnitude of these traits could be either selected from existing genotypes or evolved by breeding program for genetic improvement of yield in rice.   Key words: Rice; variability; heritability; agro-morphological traits; correlation; pathDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8767 JBS 2010; 18(0): 1-8

scholarly journals GENETIC VARIATION, CORRELATION AND SELECTION INDICES IN ADVANCED BREEDING LINES OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Habib ◽  
K. M. Iftekharuddaula ◽  
M. K. Bashar ◽  
Khaleda Akter ◽  
M. K. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Forty advanced breeding lines of rice were studied during T Aman season (rainfed ecosystem) for finding out selection indices, variability and character association for grain yield and its components. All the tested characters were found showing significant variation. The highest genotypic, environmental and phenotypic variances were found in filled grains/panicle followed by plant height. High heritability associated with high genetic advance were obtained in panicles/hill, plant height, filled grains/panicle, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. Genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than the corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients in most of the cases. Panicle length, panicles/hill and filled grains/panicle showed significant positive correlation with grain yield. Path analysis revealed that filled grains/panicle, panicles/hill and 1000-grain weight had positive and highest direct effects on grain yield. Moreover, panicle length had highest indirect effect on grain yield through filled grains/panicle. Discriminant function analysis revealed that a progressive increase in the efficiency of selection was observed with the inclusion of additional character in the selection index. Among the single variable indices, filled grains/panicle showed maximum relative efficiency over the straight selection for grain yield. The highest relative efficiency was observed with index involving seven characters, days to maturity + panicle length + panicles/hill + plant height + filled grains/panicle + 1000-grain weight + yield (t/ha). However, some of 3-traits, 4- traits, 5- traits, and 6- traits indices were also equally good.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i1.17015

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