scholarly journals Temperature, climate change, and human conception rates: evidence from Hungary

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Hajdu ◽  
Gábor Hajdu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
First Century ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
Temperature Climate ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the relationship between temperature and human conception rates and project the impacts of climate change by the mid-twenty-first century. Using complete administrative data on 6.8 million pregnancies between 1980 and 2015 in Hungary, we show that exposure to hot temperatures reduces the conception rate in the first few weeks following exposure, but a partial rebound is observed after that. We project that with absent adaptation, climate change will increase seasonal differences in conception rates and annual conception rates will decline. A change in the number of induced abortions and spontaneous fetal losses drives the decline in conception rates. The number of live births is unaffected. However, some newborns will experience a shift in the timing of conception that leads to changes in in utero temperature exposure and therefore might have further consequences.

scholarly journals Temperature, climate change, and birth weight: evidence from Hungary

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Hajdu ◽  
Gábor Hajdu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
First Century ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Temperature Climate ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe analyze the impact of in utero temperature exposure on the birth weight and an indicator for low birth weight using administrative data on singleton live births conceived between 2000 and 2016 in Hungary. We find that exposure to high temperatures during pregnancy decreases birth weight, but its impact on the probability of low birth weight is weaker. Exposure to one additional hot day (mean temperature > 25 °C) during the gestation period reduces birth weight by 0.46 g, relative to a 15–20 °C day. The second and third trimesters appear to be slightly more sensitive to temperature exposure than the first trimester. We project that climate change will decrease birth weight and increase the prevalence of low birth weight by the mid-twenty-first century. The projected impacts are the strongest for newborns conceived during the winter and spring months.

scholarly journals Staying Alive: Science Fiction in the Age of the Anthropocene — Philip K. Dick’s Pessimistic Humanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tallulah Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Environmental Politics ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Human Species ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Scientific Advancement ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

In recent years, literary studies have become increasingly invested in environmentalism. As science reveals the negative impacts of climate change, and demonstrates a growing concern for humanity’s contribution, literature operates as a form of cultural documentation. It details public awareness and anxieties, and acts as a conduit for change by urging empathetic responses and rendering ecological controversy accessible.To explore the relationship between literature and environmental politics, this paper will focus on the work of science fiction writer Philip K. Dick, and his dystopian visions. In his particular brand of sci-fi, there is no future for humanity. Science and technology fail to pave the way for a better and fairer society, but rather towards, as far as Dick is concerned, extinction. He argues that scientific advancement distances us from reality and from a sense of “humanness”. His pessimistic futures are nihilistic but tender; nurturing a love for humanity even in, what he considers to be, its final hours.Unlike the work of other prominent sci-fi writers, Dick’s fiction does not look towards the stars, but is in many ways a return to earth. The barren landscapes of Mars and other planets offer no comfort, and the evolution of the human into cyborgs, androids and post human species is depicted as dangerous and regressive. Dick’s apocalyptic visions ground his readers in the reality around them, acting in the present for the sake of the earth and humanity’s survival. His humanism is critical of grand enlightenment ideas of “progressivism”, and instead celebrates ordinariness. In the shadow of corporate capitalism and violent dictatorial governments, Dick prefers the little man, the ordinary everyday domestic hero for his narratives. His fiction urges us to take responsibility for our actions, and prepares us for the future through scepticism and pessimism, and a relentless fondness for the human.

scholarly journals Aesthetic Consolation: A Possible Remedy for Solastalgia in James Bradley’s Clade (2017)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Abeer Mohammed Raafat Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Western World ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Everyday Aesthetics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Aesthetic Values ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Climate change is one of the significant and threatening problems worldwide. It has attracted the attention of scientists and politicians as well as writers and critics especially in the western world. Writers have responded by writing climate change fiction despite the challenges of representation. James Bradley, an Australian novelist and critic, is one of those writers who are deeply occupied by the impacts of climate change. He has written Clade (2017) which traces the life of Adam Leith, a climatologist, and his family descendants amid the disastrous consequences of climate change. To analyze this novel, the researcher focuses on solastalgia, and applies the approach of everyday aesthetics. In a nutshell, the paper attempts to highlight the impact of climate change, examine the relationship between the characters and their environment, and explore the possibility of adaptation and detection of aesthetic values in an environment destroyed by climate change.

Part VII Inter-linkages with Other Regimes, Ch.47 Disaster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verchick Robert R M ◽  
Rink Paul
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
First Century ◽  
International Strategy ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
International Laws ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter evaluates the relationship between environmental protection and disaster law and policy. How well one approaches disaster risk helps to determine how functional the surrounding environment will be. The chapter examines a range of international laws and policies used to manage disaster risk, focusing on those that are particularly relevant to environmental issues. It begins with a brief look at global disaster risk in the twenty-first century, placing it in the context of natural systems, human activities, and climate change. It then looks at the United Nations' (UN) major frameworks on reducing disaster risk (the Hyogo and Sendai Frameworks), along with the international strategy to implement framework goals (the UN Plan of Action). Finally, the chapter turns to other areas of international law that have strong overlapping interests in disaster risk, particularly ecosystem management and rules pertaining to transboundary harm.

Impacts of climate change on species, populations and communities: palaeobiogeographical insights and frontiers

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M. MacDonald ◽  
K.D. Bennett ◽  
S.T. Jackson ◽  
L. Parducci ◽  
F.A. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
First Century ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Diversity Gradients ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Fossil Records ◽  
Climatic Information ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Understanding climate change and its potential impact on species, populations and communities is one of the most pressing questions of twenty-first-century conservation planning. Palaeobiogeographers working on Cenozoic fossil records and other lines of evidence are producing important insights into the dynamic nature of climate and the equally dynamic response of species, populations and communities. Climatic variations ranging in length from multimillennia to decades run throughout the palaeo-records of the Quaternary and earlier Cenozoic and have been shown to have had impacts ranging from changes in the genetic structure and morphology of individual species, population sizes and distributions, community composition to large-scale bio-diversity gradients. The biogeographical impacts of climate change may be due directly to the effects of alterations in temperature and moisture on species, or they may arise due to changes in factors such as disturbance regimes. Much of the recent progress in the application of palaeobiogegraphy to issues of climate change and its impacts can be attributed to developments along a number of still advancing methodological frontiers. These include increasingly finely resolved chronological resolution, more refined atmosphere-biosphere modelling, new biological and chemical techniques in reconstructing past species distributions and past climates, the development of large and readily accessible geo-referenced databases of biogeographical and climatic information, and new approaches in fossil morphological analysis and new molecular DNA techniques.

scholarly journals Tourists’ Perceptions on Climate Change in Lisbon Region

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filomena Clemente ◽  
António Lopes ◽  
Vitor Ambrósio
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Multivariate Statistics ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Successful Adaptation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The interface between climate change and tourism is multifaceted and complex. This research aims to understand the relationship established between the tourists’ concerns regarding the impacts of climate change and the risks that may arise and the willingness to pay (WTP) a supplementary fee, and what its value should be, in the tourist packages for environmental sustainability. The empirical phase of this research is presented in the form of a problem: “Will tourists be willing to pay a supplementary fee on tourist packages for environmental sustainability?”. To answer this question, a methodology was implemented in which a questionnaire was given to tourists, and the results were elaborated with several descriptive and multivariate statistics were elaborated. The results show that most tourists are not yet willing to pay a supplementary fee on tourist packages for environmental sustainability, but that this value increases with increasing concern about the risks associated with climate change. This research is intended to contribute to the development of more effective policies, in a bottom-up approach, to manage the risks related to climate change, facilitating successful adaptation.

From Past to Future

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Levene
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
International System ◽  
First Century ◽  
Paradigmatic Shift ◽  
The Future ◽  
Single State ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Relationship

This article presents two scenarios that might have a huge influence for the prospects of genocide in the future: the carrying capacity of the planet and global warming. The key point about the pursuit of this theme is that the disruptive potential of climate change, whether writ small in terms of the single state, or writ large in terms of the international system, is entirely exponential. It also hints the necessity for a paradigmatic shift in the relationship not only to each other but to the precious planet if people are to avoid not simply genocide but omnicide. For those who would seek to avoid genocide in the twenty-first century, the task cannot somehow be reduced to Lemkin's law. The phenomenon cannot be contained within this box: it is too fundamental a by-product of a more general dysfunction, not to say, even as it transmutes into persistent post-genocide.

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