scholarly journals Temperature, climate change, and birth weight: evidence from Hungary

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Hajdu ◽  
Gábor Hajdu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
First Century ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Temperature Climate ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe analyze the impact of in utero temperature exposure on the birth weight and an indicator for low birth weight using administrative data on singleton live births conceived between 2000 and 2016 in Hungary. We find that exposure to high temperatures during pregnancy decreases birth weight, but its impact on the probability of low birth weight is weaker. Exposure to one additional hot day (mean temperature > 25 °C) during the gestation period reduces birth weight by 0.46 g, relative to a 15–20 °C day. The second and third trimesters appear to be slightly more sensitive to temperature exposure than the first trimester. We project that climate change will decrease birth weight and increase the prevalence of low birth weight by the mid-twenty-first century. The projected impacts are the strongest for newborns conceived during the winter and spring months.

scholarly journals Temperature, climate change, and human conception rates: evidence from Hungary

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Hajdu ◽  
Gábor Hajdu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
First Century ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
Temperature Climate ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the relationship between temperature and human conception rates and project the impacts of climate change by the mid-twenty-first century. Using complete administrative data on 6.8 million pregnancies between 1980 and 2015 in Hungary, we show that exposure to hot temperatures reduces the conception rate in the first few weeks following exposure, but a partial rebound is observed after that. We project that with absent adaptation, climate change will increase seasonal differences in conception rates and annual conception rates will decline. A change in the number of induced abortions and spontaneous fetal losses drives the decline in conception rates. The number of live births is unaffected. However, some newborns will experience a shift in the timing of conception that leads to changes in in utero temperature exposure and therefore might have further consequences.

scholarly journals Gestational body weight gain and risk of low birth weight or macrosomia in women of Japan: a nationwide cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Uchinuma ◽  
Kyoichiro Tsuchiya ◽  
Tetsuo Sekine ◽  
Sayaka Horiuchi ◽  
Megumi Kushima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Prepregnancy Bmi ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective Both maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) influence maternal and pediatric outcomes. We sought to clarify the impact of prepregnancy BMI-specific GWG and its patterns on the risk of low birth weight (LBW) or macrosomia using data from a large nationwide study in Japan. Methods This cohort study (n = 98,052) used data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS). The outcome variables in this study were LBW and macrosomia. We stratified the subjects into groups according to prepregnancy BMI. Results GWG from pre-pregnancy to the first trimester had a small effect on the risk of LBW and macrosomia. From the first to second trimesters, insufficient GWG was associated with the risk of LBW, and from the second trimester to delivery, a GWG of less than 2 kg was associated with the risk of LBW. These associations were commonly observed in all prepregnancy BMI categories. Irrespective of the GWG from pre-pregnancy to the first trimester, GWG from the first to second trimesters affects LBW and/or macrosomia. Irrespective of the GWG from the first to second trimesters, GWG from the second trimester to delivery affects LBW and/or macrosomia. LBW or macrosomia was associated with the prevalence of a sustained low or high BMI percentile until three years of age, respectively. Conclusions The present large national cohort study indicates that the risk of LBW or macrosomia is associated with GWG in women in Japan; the significance of this risk depends on the GWG patterns.

scholarly journals POS0022 PHARMACOVIGILANCE PREGNANCY DATA IN A LARGE POPULATION OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE EXPOSED TO CERTOLIZUMAB PEGOL: PREGNANCY OUTCOMES AND CONFOUNDERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 213.2-213
Author(s):  
M. Clowse ◽  
R. Fischer-Betz ◽  
C. Nelson-Piercy ◽  
A. Scheuerle ◽  
T. Kumke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Certolizumab Pegol ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Safety Database ◽  
Live Births

Background:Chronic inflammatory diseases (CID) in women of reproductive age are increasingly being treated with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), in line with recent guidelines.1 However, data on TNFi-exposed pregnancy outcomes are still limited. Certolizumab pegol (CZP), a PEGylated, Fc-free TNFi, has no/minimal placental transfer from mother to infant during the third trimester.2Objectives:To assess pregnancy outcomes from the UCB Pharmacovigilance safety database from over 1,300 prospectively reported pregnancies with maternal CZP exposure.Methods:Details of CZP-exposed pregnancies from the UCB Pharmacovigilance safety database were reviewed up to November 1, 2020. Analysis was limited to prospectively reported cases with known pregnancy outcomes to avoid potential reporting bias. Confounders (specific CID, non-biologic medications and maternal infection) were evaluated using a multivariate stepwise regression model; results from the confounders analysis are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Patients with missing information about presence or absence of confounders were excluded from the model.Results:1,392 prospective pregnancies (1,425 fetuses) with maternal CZP exposure and known outcomes were reported (Figure 1). Mean (SD) maternal age was 31.9 (5.1) years. Of these, 1,021/1,392 (73.3%) pregnancies had at least first-trimester CZP exposure and 547/1,392 (39.3%) were exposed during all trimesters. Overall, there were 1,259/1,425 (88.4%) live births, 150/1,425 (10.5%) abortions (miscarriages and terminations), 11/1,425 (0.8%) stillbirths, and 5/1,425 (0.4%) ectopic pregnancies. Congenital malformations were reported in 35/1,425 fetuses (2.5%) and in 30/1,259 live-born infants (2.4%); 26 (2.1%) congenital malformations were major according to the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program criteria. There was no pattern of specific congenital malformations. Preterm births occurred in 124/1,259 (9.8%) live births, and 101/1,259 (8.0%) of infants had low birth weight (<2.5 kg). In the confounders analysis, reported corticosteroid use was independently associated with increased odds of preterm birth (OR [95% CI]: 2.1 [1.3–3.4]; p<0.005) and low birth weight (OR [95% CI]: 1.7 [1.0–2.9]; p<0.05), but decreased odds of abortion (OR [95% CI]: 0.5 [0.3–0.9]; p<0.05). Reported NSAID use was associated with increased odds of abortion (OR [95% CI]: 2.2 [1.2–4.0]; p<0.05), as was methotrexate/leflunomide use (OR [95% CI]: 3.2 [1.7–6.2]; p<0.0005). Maternal infections were associated with increased odds of preterm birth (OR [95% CI]: 1.9 (1.1–3.5; p<0.05). Finally, there was an association between a diagnosis of Crohn’s disease and odds of abortion (OR [95% CI]: 2.5 [1.5–4.1]; p=0.0005), and between rheumatoid arthritis and low birth weight (OR [95% CI]: 1.9 [1.1–3.3]; p<0.05).Conclusion:This prospective analysis, including more than 1,000 pregnancies with CZP exposure in at least the first trimester, represents one of the largest cohorts of pregnancies with known outcomes in patients with CID. Our data confirm the impact of specific CID, concomitant drugs or comorbidities on pregnancy outcomes. In particular, additional use of corticosteroids was highlighted as a risk factor for preterm birth and low birth weight in our cohort of CZP-treated patients. No increase in adverse pregnancy outcomes or specific congenital malformations was observed in CZP-exposed pregnancies, compared to the general population,3,4 which offers further reassurance for women of childbearing age considering CZP treatment.References:[1]Sammaritano LR. Arthritis Rheum 2020;72:529–56;[2]Mariette X. Ann Rheum Dis 2018;77:228–33;[3]Ventura SJ. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2012;60:1–21;[4]Lee H. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020;20:33.Acknowledgements:This study was funded by UCB Pharma. Editorial services were provided by Costello Medical.Disclosure of Interests:Megan Clowse Consultant of: UCB Pharma, Grant/research support from: Janssen, Pfizer, Rebecca Fischer-Betz Consultant of: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, UCB Pharma, Catherine Nelson-Piercy Consultant of: Alliance Pharma, UCB Pharma, Angela Scheuerle Consultant of: Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry, Harmony Biosciences, IQVIA, ICON, NovoNordisk, PPD, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, Syneos, UCB Pharma, ViiV, Thomas Kumke Shareholder of: UCB Pharma, Employee of: UCB Pharma, Bernard Lauwerys Employee of: UCB Pharma, Rachna Kasliwal Employee of: UCB Pharma, Frauke Förger Speakers bureau: Mepha, Roche, UCB Pharma, Grant/research support from: UCB Pharma.

The impact of kangaroo care on exclusive breastfeeding in low birth weight newborns

2010 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Honorina de Almeida ◽  
Sonia I. Venancio ◽  
Maria Teresa C. Sanches ◽  
Daisuke Onuki
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Kangaroo Care ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Risk of Low Birth Weight According to Household Composition in Brussels and Montreal: Do Income Support Policies Variations Explain the Differences Observed between Both Regions?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7936
Author(s):  
Mouctar Sow ◽  
Myriam De Spiegelaere ◽  
Marie-France Raynault
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Income Support ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Households With Children ◽  
Vulnerable Households ◽  
Welfare Families ◽  
The Impact

Variations in social policy between countries provide opportunities to assess the impact of these policies on health inequities. This study compares the risk of low birth weight in Brussels and Montreal, according to household composition, and discusses the impact of income support policies. For each context, we estimated the impact of income support policies on the extent of poverty of welfare recipients, using the model family method. Based on the differences found, we tested hypotheses on the association between low birth weight and household composition, using administrative data from the birth register and social security in each region. The extent of poverty of welfare families differs according to household composition. In Quebec, the combination of low welfare benefits and larger family allowances widens the gap between households with children and those without children. The risk of LBW also differs between these two contexts according to the number of children. Compared to children born into large welfare families, first-born children are more at risk in Montreal than in Brussels. In addition to the usual comparative studies on the topic, our study highlights the importance of an evaluative perspective that considers the combination of different types of income support measures to better identify the most vulnerable households.

scholarly journals Amikacin or Vancomycin Exposure Alters the Postnatal Serum Creatinine Dynamics in Extreme Low Birth Weight Neonates

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Tamara van Donge ◽  
Anne Smits ◽  
John van den Anker ◽  
Karel Allegaert
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Sensitive Tool ◽  
Elbw Neonates ◽  
The Impact

Background: Disentangling renal adverse drug reactions from confounders remains a major challenge to assess causality and severity in neonates, with additional limitations related to the available tools (modified Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome, or Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases pediatric toxicity table). Vancomycin and amikacin are nephrotoxic while still often prescribed in neonates. We selected these compounds to assess their impact on creatinine dynamics as a sensitive tool to detect a renal impairment signal. Methods: A recently developed dynamical model that characterized serum creatinine concentrations of 217 extremely low birth weight (<1000 g, ELBW) neonates (4036 observations) was enhanced with data on vancomycin and/or amikacin exposure to identify a potential effect of antibiotic exposure by nonlinear mixed-effects modelling. Results: Seventy-seven percent of ELBW patients were exposed to either vancomycin or amikacin. Antibiotic exposure resulted in a modest increase in serum creatinine and a transient decrease in creatinine clearance. The serum creatinine increase was dependent on gestational age, illustrated by a decrease with 56% in difference in serum creatinine between a 24 or 32-week old neonate, when exposed in the 3rd week after birth. Conclusions: A previously described model was used to explore and quantify the impact of amikacin or vancomycin exposure on creatinine dynamics. Such tools serve to explore minor changes, or compare minor differences between treatment modalities.

scholarly journals Geospatial analysis of determinants of neonatal mortality in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duah Dwomoh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Death ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Ghana did not meet the Millennium Development Goal 4 of reducing child mortality by two-thirds and may not meet SDG (2030). There is a need to direct scarce resources to mitigate the impact of the most important risk factors influencing high neonatal deaths. This study applied both spatial and non-spatial regression models to explore the differential impact of environmental, maternal, and child associated risk factors on neonatal deaths in Ghana. Methods The study relied on data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys (GDHS) and the Ghana Maternal Health Survey (GMHS) conducted between 1998 and 2017 among 49,908 women of reproductive age and 31,367 children under five (GDHS-1998 = 3298, GDHS-2003 = 3844, GDHS-2008 = 2992, GDHS-2014 = 5884, GMHS-2017 = 15,349). Spatial Autoregressive Models that account for spatial autocorrelation in the data at the cluster-level and non-spatial statistical models with appropriate sampling weight adjustment were used to study factors associated with neonatal deaths, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Population density, multiple births, smaller household sizes, high parity, and low birth weight significantly increased the risk of neonatal deaths over the years. Among mothers who had multiple births, the risk of having neonatal deaths was approximately four times as high as the risk of neonatal deaths among mothers who had only single birth [aRR = 3.42, 95% CI: 1.63–7.17, p < 0.05]. Neonates who were perceived by their mothers to be small were at a higher risk of neonatal death compared to very large neonates [aRR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.19–3.63, p < 0.05]. A unit increase in the number of children born to a woman of reproductive age was associated with a 49% increased risk in neonatal deaths [aRR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.30–1.69, p < 0.05]. Conclusion Neonatal mortality in Ghana remains relatively high, and the factors that predisposed children to neonatal death were birth size that were perceived to be small, low birth weight, higher parity, and multiple births. Improving pregnant women’s nutritional patterns and providing special support to women who have multiple deliveries will reduce neonatal mortality in Ghana.

scholarly journals Low Birth Weight Prevalence in Children Diagnosed with Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Dubai

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110317
Author(s):  
Faisal A. Nawaz ◽  
Meshal A. Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Perinatal Risk Factors ◽  
Perinatal Risk ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of low birth weight and other perinatal risk factors in children diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders. This is one of the first studies in the Arabian Gulf region focused on the contribution of these factors toward the development of various disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and other mental disorders. This descriptive study was based on qualitative data analysis. We reviewed retrospective information from the electronic medical records of 692 patients in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The prevalence of low birth weight in children with mental disorders was significantly higher as compared to the general population (16% vs 6% respectively). Furthermore, other risk factors, including high birth weight and preterm birth were noted to have a significant association with neurodevelopmental disorders. Future research on the impact of perinatal risk factors will contribute to advancement of early intervention guidelines.

scholarly journals Pregnancy Outcome during the First COVID 19 Lockdown in Vienna, Austria

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3782
Author(s):  
Sylvia Kirchengast ◽  
Beda Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Gestational Length ◽  
Live Births

The COVID 19 pandemic represents a major stress factor for non-infected pregnant women. Although maternal stress during pregnancy increases the risk of preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction, an increasing number of studies yielded no negative effects of COVID 19 lockdowns on pregnancy outcome. The present study focused on pregnancy outcome during the first COVID 19 lockdown phase in Austria. In particular, it was hypothesized that the national lockdown had no negative effects on birth weight, low birth weight rate and preterm birth rate. In a retrospective medical record-based single center study, the outcome of 669 singleton live births in Vienna Austria during the lockdown phase between March and July 2020 was compared with the pregnancy outcome of 277 live births at the same hospital during the pre-lockdown months of January and February 2020 and, in addition, with the outcome of 28,807 live births between 2005 and 2019. The rate of very low gestational age was significantly lower during the lockdown phase than during the pre-lockdown phase. The rate of low gestational age, however, was slightly higher during the lockdown phase. Mean birth weight was significantly higher during the lockdown phase; the rates of low birth weight, very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight were significantly lower during the lockdown phase. In contrast, maternal gestational weight gain was significantly higher during the lockdown phase. The stressful lockdown phase in Austria seems to have no negative affect on gestational length and newborn weight among non-infected mothers.

scholarly journals Investigation of Metronidazole Use during Pregnancy and Adverse Birth Outcomes

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 4800-4805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Koss ◽  
Dana C. Baras ◽  
Sandra D. Lane ◽  
Richard Aubry ◽  
Michele Marcus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
New York State ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

ABSTRACTTo assess whether treatment with metronidazole during pregnancy is associated with preterm birth, low birth weight, or major congenital anomalies, we conducted chart reviews and an analysis of electronic data from a cohort of women delivering at an urban New York State hospital. Of 2,829 singleton/mother pairs, 922 (32.6%) mothers were treated with metronidazole for clinical indications, 348 (12.3%) during the first trimester of pregnancy and 553 (19.5%) in the second or third trimester. There were 333 (11.8%) preterm births, 262 (9.3%) infants of low birth weight, and 52 infants (1.8%) with congenital anomalies. In multivariable analysis, no association was found between metronidazole treatment and preterm birth (odds ratio [OR], 1.02 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.32]), low birth weight (OR, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.77 to 1.43]), or treatment in the first trimester and congenital anomalies (OR, 0.86 [0.30 to 2.45]). We found no association between metronidazole treatment during the first or later trimesters of pregnancy and preterm birth, low birth weight, or congenital anomalies.

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