The effects of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and solubilization heat treatment on the density, mechanical properties, and microstructure of austenitic stainless steel parts produced by selective laser melting (SLM)

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Liverani ◽  
Adrian H. A. Lutey ◽  
Alessandro Ascari ◽  
Alessandro Fortunato
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Isostatic Pressing

Investigation of Functional Graded Steel Parts Produced by Selective Laser Melting

2019 ◽  
Vol 822 ◽  
pp. 563-568
Author(s):  
Vadim Sufiiarov ◽  
Evgenii Borisov ◽  
Igor A. Polozov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Transition Layer ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Laser Melting

The article presents the results of a study on the additive manufacturing of functional graded steel parts. Studies have been carried out on the possibility of growing blanks from two steels simultaneously – tool steel H13 and stainless steel 316L. The study of the microstructure of the transition from one steel to another showed that the transition layer is smooth and is about 200 microns thick. The mechanical properties in the transition layer are distributed over the gradient and smoothly change from one material to another. The structure and properties of the transition layer after heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing are shown.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting after Stress Relieving, Hot Isostatic Pressing Treatment, and Post-Heat Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeem Eshawish ◽  
Savko Malinov ◽  
Wei Sha ◽  
Patrick Walls
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Stress Relieving

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) is defined as a technology performed for tooling applications. It is used for manufacturing tools that have complex shapes and figures. In this study, an extensively applied Ti-6Al-4V alloy was made using the selective laser melting method. Post-production heat treatments were applied to decrease thermal stresses and to enhance the mechanical properties and the microstructure. The study investigates the fatigue mechanical properties, microstructure, hardness, and porosity of the AM Ti-6Al-4V after stress relieving (SR) and after SR followed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP). The samples’ upper and lower parts were independently examined to determine the effects of thermal conditions and the heat treatment of the microstructure. The microstructures were examined through optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction methods. The mechanical properties were investigated through microhardness testing, alongside assessment by fatigue testing at room temperature. The findings demonstrated that the microstructure after SR at 704 °C for 2 h is 100% fine martensitic α'-Ti, with a microhardness value of 408 HV. Air and furnace cooled samples have a more homogenous structure and are characterised by mixture (α + β) with microhardness values of 382 and 356 HV, respectively. After HIP at 920 °C and 100 MPa for 2 h was applied, the martensite was converted into a lamellar (α + β) microstructure, whereby the α phase is presented as fine needles situated among the β ridges in the microstructure, with the existence of the prior β grain boundary.

scholarly journals Comparison of Vacuum Sintered and Selective Laser Melted Steel AISI 316L

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 2125-2131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Brytan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Charpy Test ◽  
Steel Type ◽  
Type 316L ◽  
Static Tensile

AbstractThe paper presents the results of the basic mechanical properties determined in the static tensile test, impact un-notched Charpy test and hardness of austenitic stainless steel type 316L produced by two techniques: classical pressing and sintering in a vacuum with rapid cooling and selective laser melting (SLM). In this work fracture surface of Charpy test, samples were studied.The results indicate that application of selective laser melting (SLM) makes it possible to double increase the strength properties of components manufactured from austenitic stainless steel type 316L compared to sintering in a vacuum. Resulted in mechanical properties strongly depend on porosity characteristic and the presence of superficial oxides in the case of sintered steel and the character of observed microstructural defects deriving from non-fully melted powder particles and the formation of voids between subsequently melted pool tracks during the SLM.

scholarly journals Microstructure and mechanical properties relationship of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel by selective laser melting

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Helene Puichaud ◽  
Camille Flament ◽  
Aziz Chniouel ◽  
Fernando Lomello ◽  
Elodie Rouesne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties

Additive manufacturing (AM) is rapidly expanding in many industrial applications because of the versatile possibilities of fast and complex fabrication of added value products. This manufacturing process would significantly reduce manufacturing time and development cost for nuclear components. However, the process leads to materials with complex microstructures, and their structural stability for nuclear application is still uncertain. This study focuses on 316L stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) in the context of nuclear application, and compares with a cold-rolled solution annealed 316L sample. The effect of heat treatment (HT) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) on the microstructure and mechanical properties is discussed. It was found that after HT, the material microstructure remains mostly unchanged, while the HIP treatment removes the materials porosity, and partially re-crystallises the microstructure. Finally, the tensile tests showed excellent results, satisfying RCC-MR code requirements for all AM materials.

Water Atomized 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Powder as a Cheaper Alternative Powder Feedstock for Selective Laser Melting

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 ◽  
pp. 698-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Ghayoor ◽  
Sunil B. Badwe ◽  
Harish Irrinki ◽  
Sundar V. Atre ◽  
Somayeh Pasebani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Steel Powder ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Stainless Steel Powder ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Austenitic Phase ◽  
Process Gas

Water atomized and gas atomized 17-4 PH stainless steel powder were used as feedstock in selective laser melting process. Gas atomized powder revealed single martensitic phase after printing and heat treatment. As-printed water atomized powder contained dual martensitic and austenitic phase. The H900 heat treatment cycle was not effective in enhancing mechanical properties of the water atomized powder after laser melting. However, after solutionizing at 1315 oC and aging at 482oC fully martensitic structure was observed with yield strength of 1000 MPa and ultimate tensile strength of 1261 MPa which are comparable to those of gas atomized, 1254 MPa and 1300 MPa, respectively. Improved mechanical properties in water atomized powder was found to be related to presence of finer martensite. Our results imply that water atomized powder is a promising cheaper feedstock alternative to gas atomized powder.

scholarly journals Effect of Annealing Heat Treatment on the Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Hot Isostatic Pressed 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanwal Chadha ◽  
Yuan Tian ◽  
John Spray ◽  
Clodualdo Aranas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Annealing Heat Treatment ◽  
Annealing Heat

In this work, the microstructural features and mechanical properties of an additively manufactured 316L stainless steel have been determined. Three types of samples were characterized: (i) as printed (AP), (ii) annealing heat treated (AHT), and (iii) hot isostatic pressed and annealing heat treated (HIP + AHT). Microstructural analysis reveals that the AP sample formed melt pool boundaries with nano-scale cellular structures. These structures disappeared after annealing heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing. The AP and AHT samples have similar grain morphologies; however, the latter has a lower dislocation density and contains precipitates. Conversely, the HIP + AHT sample displays polygon-shaped grains with twin structures; a completely different morphology compared to the first two samples. Optical micrography reveals that the application of hot isostatic pressing reduces the porosity generated after laser processing. The tensile strengths of all the samples are comparable (about 600 MPa); however, the elongation of the HIP + AHT sample (48%) was superior to that of other two samples. The enhanced ductility of the HIP + AHT sample, however, resulted in lower yield strength. Based on these findings, annealing heat treatment after hot isostatic pressing was found to improve the ductility of as-printed 316L stainless steel by as much as 130%, without sacrificing tensile strength, but the sample may have a reduced (40%) yield strength. The tensile strength determined here has been shown to be higher than that of the hot isostatic pressed, additively manufactured 316L stainless steel available from the literature.

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