Association between fat mass, lean mass, and bone loss: the Dubbo osteoporosis epidemiology study

Aerobic exercise training has many known cardiovascular benefits that may promote healthy aging. It is not known if long-term aerobic exercise training is also associated with structural benefits (e.g., lower fat mass, higher areal bone mineral density (BMD) and greater muscle mass). We evaluated these parameters in middle-aged long-term endurance runners compared to sex-, age-, height-, and weight-matched non-running controls. Total and regional lean and fat mass and areal BMD were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Sagittal magnetic resonance images captured the cross-sectional area and thickness of the lumbar multifidus. Runners (n = 10; all male) had a mean (standard deviation; SD) age of 49 (4) years, height of 178.9 (4.9) cm, weight of 67.8 (5.8) kg, body mass index (BMI) of 21.4 (1.4) kg/m2 and had been running 82.6 (27.9) km/week for 23 (13) years. Controls (n = 9) had a mean (SD) age of 51 (5) years, height of 176.0 (5.1) cm, weight of 72.8 (7.1) kg, and BMI of 23.7 (2.1) kg/m2. BMI was greater in controls (p = 0.010). When compared to controls on average, runners had a 10 percentage-point greater total body lean mass than controls (p = 0.001) and 14% greater trunk lean mass (p = 0.010), as well as less total body (8.6 kg; p < 0.001), arm (58%; p = 0.002), leg (52%; p < 0.001), trunk (73%; p < 0.001), android (91%; p < 0.001), and gynoid fat mass (64%; p < 0.001). No differences were observed between groups for BMD outcomes or multifidus size. These results underscore the benefits of endurance running to body composition that carry over to middle-age.

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Lean mass and fat mass have differing associations with bone microarchitecture assessed by high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography in men and women from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study

Bone ◽

10.1016/j.bone.2015.07.013 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 81 ◽

pp. 145-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Mark H. Edwards ◽

Kate A. Ward ◽

Georgia Ntani ◽

Camille Parsons ◽

Jennifer Thompson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cohort Study ◽

High Resolution ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Bone Microarchitecture ◽

Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽

Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽

Men And Women ◽

Hertfordshire Cohort Study

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Body composition in childhood: effects of normal growth and disease

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1079/pns2003261 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 521-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

J. C. K. Wells

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

General Interest ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Adult Disease ◽

Increased Risk

Body composition in children is of increasing interest within the contexts of childhood obesity, clinical management of patients and nutritional programming as a pathway to adult disease. Energy imbalance appears to be common in many disease states; however, body composition is not routinely measured in patients. Traditionally, clinical interest has focused on growth or nutritional status, whereas more recent studies have quantified fat mass and lean mass. The human body changes in proportions and chemical composition during childhood and adolescence. Most of the weight gain comprises lean mass rather than fat. In general, interest has focused on percentage fat, and less attention has been paid to the way in which lean mass varies within and between individuals. In the general population secular trends in BMI have been widely reported, indicating increasing levels of childhood obesity, which have been linked to reduced physical activity. However, lower activity levels may potentially lead not only to increased fatness, but also to reduced lean mass. This issue merits further investigation. Diseases have multiple effects on body composition and may influence fat-free mass and/or fat mass. In some diseases both components change in the same direction, whereas in other diseases, the changes are contradictory and may be concealed by relatively normal weight. Improved techniques are required for clinical evaluations. Both higher fatness and reduced lean mass may represent pathways to an increased risk of adult disease.

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Abstract 17105: Is There a Difference in Lean and Fat Mass in HF Patients Based on NYHA Classifications (I-II versus III-IV)?

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.138.suppl_1.17105 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 138 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Christine Haedtke ◽

Debra K Moser ◽

Susan J Pressler ◽

Terry Lennie

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Nyha Class ◽

Class I ◽

Unexpected Finding ◽

Class Iii ◽

Medication Regimen ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nyha Classification

Introduction: As NYHA Class increases from I (ordinary physical activity does not cause undue fatigue), to Class IV (Symptoms are present while at rest) physical limitations become severe. It has previously been shown that HF patients have increased fat within the muscle thus decreasing exercise performance and tolerance. It is unclear if all NYHA classes are similarly affected. Hypothesis: HF patients with NYHA class III-IV will have more fat and less lean mass than those with NYHA class I-II. Methods: Secondary data analysis using cross sectional data from N=253. The parent study was a multicenter study about nutrition and body composition among patients with HF (preserved or reduced, and NYHA classification I-IV) who had been on a stable medication regimen, able to participate in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan and/or BodPod body composition measures, able to read and speak English, and had no cognitive impairment. Women and men were analyzed separately due to known differences in fat and lean mass. Results: Table 1: Sample characteristic’s Testing the hypothesis using 2-way ANOVA and comparing the percentage of body weight that is lean and fat mass in NYHA class I-II vs III-IV found the interaction of gender and NYHA was not significant in either % lean or %fat (p=0.221, 0.190 respectively). NYHA class by itself was not significant (p=0.067) in %lean but was significant in %fat (p=0.046). Gender was significant in both %lean and %fat with men having 9.6% less fat (1.139 SE) and 9.8% more lean mass (1.066 SE) (p≤0.001). NYHA class III-IV had 2.3% (1.139 SE) more fat than those in NYHA class I-II. The R squared was 0.265 and adjusted R squared was 0.256. Conclusions: Part of our hypothesis was correct in that NYHA class III-IV had more fat mass than those in class I-II, but no difference was found in lean. This is an unexpected finding as healthy people gain fat mass while losing lean mass as they age. Additional studies are needed to further examine this result.

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