Distribution of toxin genes among different spa types and phage types of animal Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of bloodstream infections. The aim of our study was to characterize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from blood of patients hospitalized in the Czech Republic between 2016 and 2018. All MRSA strains were tested for antibiotic susceptibility, analyzed by spa typing and clustered using a Based Upon Repeat Pattern (BURP) algorithm. The representative isolates of the four most common spa types and representative isolates of all spa clonal complexes were further typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. The majority of MRSA strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin (94%), erythromycin (95.5%) and clindamycin (95.6%). Among the 618 strains analyzed, 52 different spa types were detected. BURP analysis divided them into six different clusters. The most common spa types were t003, t586, t014 and t002, all belonging to the CC5 (clonal complex). CC5 was the most abundant MLST CC of our study, comprising of 91.7% (n = 565) of spa-typeable isolates. Other CCs present in our study were CC398, CC22, CC8, CC45 and CC97. To our knowledge, this is the biggest nationwide study aimed at typing MRSA blood isolates from the Czech Republic.

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Presence of Immune Evasion Cluster and Molecular Typing of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Food Handlers

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-401 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

pp. 682-686 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

LÍVIA G. BAPTISTÃO ◽

NATHALIA C. C. SILVA ◽

ERIKA C. R. BONSAGLIA ◽

BRUNA F. ROSSI ◽

IVANA G. CASTILHO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Immune Evasion ◽

Close Contact ◽

Meca Gene ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Food Handlers ◽

Spa Typing ◽

Typing Method ◽

Spa Types ◽

Immune Evasion Cluster

ABSTRACT The hands and noses of food handlers colonized by Staphylococcus aureus are an important source of food contamination in restaurants and food processing. Several virulence factors can be carried by mobile elements in strains of S. aureus, including the immune evasion cluster (IEC). This gene cluster improves the capacity of S. aureus to evade the human immune response. Many studies have reported the transmission of strains between animals and humans, such as farm workers that have close contact with livestock. However, there are few studies on the transmission between food and food handlers. The aim of this study was to detect the IEC and the mecA gene in strains isolated from food handlers and to type these strains using the spa typing method. Thirty-five strains of S. aureus isolated from the noses and hands of food handlers in three different kitchens were analyzed for the presence of the mecA gene and IEC and by spa typing. All strains were negative for the mecA gene, and the presence of IEC was observed in 10 (28.6%) strains. Fifteen different spa types were observed, with the most frequent being t127 (42.85%) and t002 (11.42%). Strains from the two most prevalent spa types and a novel spa type were typed by multilocus sequence typing. spa types t127, t002, and t13335 were determined to be multilocus sequence types (ST) ST-30, ST-5, and ST-45, respectively. The food handlers may have been contaminated by these strains of S. aureus through food, which is suggested by the low frequency of IEC and by ST that are observed more commonly in animals.

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Molecular Typing of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Blood on the Basis of Coagulase Gene Polymorphism and Toxin Genes

Annals of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.3343/kjlm.2008.28.4.286 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 286-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yong-Kyun Kim ◽

Jae-Seok Kim ◽

Han-Sung Kim ◽

Wonkeun Song ◽

Hyoun Chan Cho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Gene Polymorphism ◽

Molecular Typing ◽

Toxin Genes

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Prevalence of toxin genes among the clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and its clinical impact

Journal of Global Infectious Diseases ◽

10.4103/0974-777x.162234 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 97 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Divya Deodhar ◽

George Varghese ◽

Veeraraghavan Balaji ◽

James John ◽

Grace Rebekah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Clinical Impact ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Toxin Genes

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The Effect of Age and Sampling Site on the Outcome of Staphylococcus aureus Infection in a Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Farm in Italy

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10050774 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 774 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anna-Rita Attili ◽

Patrizia Nebbia ◽

Alessandro Bellato ◽

Livio Galosi ◽

Cristiano Papeschi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽

Sampling Site ◽

Anatomical Site ◽

Body Site ◽

Aureus Infection ◽

Human Samples ◽

Spa Types ◽

Effect Of Age ◽

Age Category

A study in an intensive Italian rabbit farm was carried out to assess the effect of age category and anatomical site on detection of S. aureus and to describe the diversity of spa-types within farm, including workers. On 400 rabbits of different age, 2066 samples from the ear, nose, axilla, groin, perineum and lesions were analyzed and 595 S. aureus were isolated. In total, 284 (71.0%) were colonized by S. aureus in at least one anatomical site and 35 animals (8.8%) had lesions. S. aureus prevalence was higher in adults than other age categories. Ear (29.4%) and nose (27.2%) were the most frequently colonized sites. The presence of lesions due to S. aureus was strongly associated with the colonization of at least one body site and the risk of lesions was proportionate to the number of sites colonized by S. aureus. In addition, a genotypic characterization was performed for 96 S. aureus strains randomly selected. All isolates resulted as low-virulence methicillin-sensitive-Staphylococcus aureus (LV-MSSA). Five different clonal lineages were found: spa-t2802, the most frequently detected (53.1%), also in human samples; spa-t491 (38.5%); spa-t094; t605; and spa-t2036. Strains t094, t491 and t2036 have not been isolated in Italy before.

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