ATR-FTIR imaging for the analysis of organic materials in paint cross sections: case studies on paint samples from the National Gallery, London

2008 ◽  
Vol 392 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marika Spring ◽  
Camilla Ricci ◽  
David A. Peggie ◽  
Sergei G. Kazarian
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
National Gallery ◽  
Ftir Imaging

scholarly journals From co-optation to commission: A diachronic perspective on the development of fannish literacy through Teen Wolf's Tumblr promotional campaigns

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Autumn Willard
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Ecological System ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Evolving Context ◽  
Media Fandom

Historically, fan scholars have focused on conducting deep dives into singular cases and revealing trends by comparing cross sections of those cases. While there is undeniable value in conducting close analyses of such instances, the reliance on this method can limit our assessment of long-running trends. By supplementing—or, more productively, combining—specific case studies with diachronic perspectives, we can better situate, contextualize, and trace emerging trends like the evolution of fan/producer dynamics. To model this approach, I analyze 4 years' worth of fan-targeted promotional campaigns on the official Teen Wolf (2011–) Tumblr. The activities—fannish and/or promotional—of all participants in a shared ecological system like Tumblr are significant. They continuously construct, deconstruct, nuance, and challenge the ever-evolving context of fandom and fan/producer dynamics. Supplementing a close analysis of one of Teen Wolf's recent promotional campaigns—the commissioned #TeenWolfExhibit—with a diachronic perspective addresses the ever-evolving ecology of media fandom and traces the evolution of MTV's fannish literacy from 2011 to 2015. The #TeenWolfExhibit reproduces and reflects all the promotional successes, failures, and course corrections that predate it.

FOMO case studies: loss, discovery and inspiration among relics

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne H. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
New York Times ◽  
National Gallery ◽  
Art World ◽  
Post Card ◽  
National Gallery Of Art

In 2009, I was two years into my tenure as a museum employee, managing a collection of small exhibition brochures, pamphlets and gallery announcements at the National Gallery of Art Library. That summer, New York Times art critic Roberta Smith reported on a phenomenon I had also observed in my capacity as Reference Librarian for Vertical Files: the decline of the printed gallery post card. Smith's ArtsBeat blog post, ‘Gallery Card as Relic,’ is a breezy elegy surveying recent “final notice” cards mailed from commercial galleries that were “going green” by eliminating paper mailings. I, however, was feeling less light-hearted about the demise of what Smith describes as a “useful bit of art-world indicator…[and] an indispensable constant creatively deployed by artists, avidly cherished by the ephemera-obsessed and devotedly archived by museums.”

scholarly journals 14C and 18O in Siberian Syngenetic Ice-Wedge Complexes

Radiocarbon ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 883-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurij K. Vasil'Chuk ◽  
Alla C. Vasil'Chuk
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Ice Wedge ◽  
Permafrost Sediments

We discuss the possibility of dating ice wedges by the radiocarbon method. We show as an example the Seyaha, Kular and Zelyony Mys ice wedge complexes, and investigated various organic materials from permafrost sediments. We show that the reliability of dating 18O variations from ice wedges can be evaluated by comparison of different organic materials from host sediments in the ice wedge cross sections.

scholarly journals Validation and analysis procedures for juxtaposition and membrane fault seals in oil and gas exploration

2019 ◽  
Vol 496 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Titus A. Murray ◽  
William L. Power ◽  
Anthony J. Johnson ◽  
Greg J. Christie ◽  
David R. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Stochastic Methods ◽  
Fault Rock ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Hydrocarbon Traps ◽  
Entry Pressure ◽  
Fault Leakage ◽  
Capillary Entry Pressure

AbstractWe propose and validate methods for risk analysis of fault-bounded hydrocarbon traps in exploration. We concentrate on cross-fault leakage and consider lateral seals due to (1) juxtaposition and (2) high capillary-entry-pressure fault rock (membrane seal). We conclude that stochastic methods for fault seal analysis are essential, due to the large number of structural and stratigraphic parameters and the uncertainties. Central to the methods proposed is a Monte Carlo simulation which models geometrical and stratigraphic uncertainty. Multiple Allan maps (fault-parallel cross-sections) are produced and analysed for juxtaposition and shale gouge ratio (SGR). For validation, known discoveries with independently observed hydrocarbon–water contacts (IHWC) have been back-analysed. We present two case studies in this paper, and an additional 40 case studies are summarized (four public domain and 36 confidential case studies). The model outputs were compared with the IHWC. Juxtaposition analysis with no SGR contribution gives the smallest error. The inclusion of any fault rock seal mechanisms (such as SGR) matches or increases predicted hydrocarbon column heights compared to juxtaposition and gives larger errors. We conclude there is no reason to include fault rock membrane seals in exploration prospect risking.

scholarly journals Strategy of valid <sup>14</sup>C dates choice in syngenetic permafrost

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5589-5621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Vasil'chuk ◽  
A. C. Vasil'chuk
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Present Position ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Kolyma River

Abstract. The main problem of radiocarbon dating within permafrost is the uncertain reliability of the 14C dates. Syngenetic sediments contain allochthonous organic deposit that originated at a distance from its present position. Due to the very good preservation of organic materials in permafrost conditions and numerous re-burials of the fossils from ancient deposits into younger ones the dates could be both younger and older than the true age of dated material. The strategy for the most authentic radiocarbon date selection for dating of syncryogenic sediments is considered taking into account the fluvial origin of the syngenetic sediments. The re-deposition of organic material is discussed in terms of cyclic syncryogenic sedimentation and also the possible re-deposition of organic material in subaerial-subaqueous conditions. The advantages and the complications of dating organic micro-inclusions from ice wedges by the accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) method are discussed applying to true age of dated material search. Radiocarbon dates of different organic materials from the same samples are compared. The younger age of the yedoma from cross-sections of Duvanny Yar in Kolyma River and Mamontova Khayata in the mouth of Lena River is substantiated due to the principle of the choice of the youngest 14C date from the set.

scholarly journals Sketch-Based Interface and Modelling of Stratigraphy and Structure in 3D

2021 ◽  
pp. jgs2020-187
Author(s):  
Carl Jacquemyn ◽  
Margaret E. H. Pataki ◽  
Gary J. Hampson ◽  
Matthew D. Jackson ◽  
Dmytro Petrovskyy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
3D Surfaces

Geological modelling is widely used to predict resource potential in subsurface reservoirs. However, modelling is often slow, requires use of mathematical methods that are unfamiliar to many geoscientists and is implemented in expert software. We demonstrate here an alternative approach using Sketch-Based Interface and Modelling (SBIM) that allows rapid creation of complex three-dimensional (3D) models from 2D sketches. Sketches, either on vertical cross-sections or in map-view, are converted to 3D surfaces that outline geological interpretations. A suite of geological operators is proposed that handle interactions between the surfaces to form a geologically realistic 3D model. These operators deliver the flexibility to sketch a geological model in any order and provide an intuitive framework for geoscientists to rapidly create 3D models. Two case studies are presented, demonstrating scenarios in which different approaches to model sketching are used depending on the geological setting and available data. These case studies show the strengths of sketching with geological operators. Sketched 3D models can be queried visually or quantitatively to provide insights into heterogeneity distribution, facies connectivity or dynamic model behaviour; this information cannot be obtained by sketching in 2D or on paper.Supplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5303043

3D Computer-Assisted Geological Mapping with FaultTrace: Results of the Richât Structure (Mauritania) and the Vineh Structure (Iran)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Faber ◽  
Gisela Domej
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Fault Systems ◽  
The North ◽  
Bedding Planes ◽  
Mapping Process ◽  
The Rich

&lt;p&gt;To evaluate the functionality of FaultTrace &amp;#8211; a tool for semi-automatic structural geological mapping of faults and bedding planes within the software WinGeol by TerraMath &amp;#8211;, we demonstrate its detailed use in two different case studies: The Rich&amp;#226;t Structure in Mauritania is characterized by a volcanogenic anticline with associated fault systems and shows relatively planar fault structures within low-relief topography; the Vineh Structure in Iran consists of complexly faulted sequences of sedimentary and igneous layers in high mountainous terrain affected by the fault systems of the Purkan-Vardij Fault and the North Tehran Fault. The studies discuss which structural geological settings let expect a satisfying performance of FaultTrace, and what factors limit the achievement of meaningful results.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Used data is freely available and consists of digital elevation models (e.g., SRTM or ALOS Data) and satellite imagery (e.g., Sentinel-2 or Landsat ETM+ Imagery). Where available, additional data such as, for instance, borehole logs and geological cross-sections were displayed to support the mapping process. Results from the structural geological assessments of both case studies were finally compared to previously published studies in order to validate the performance of FaultTrace on the one hand, and to discuss differences on the other hand.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We show that FaultTrace aims to provide a virtual environment allowing for fast-track and optimized data generation for 3D geological models. It can be used for a first remote structural geological assessment without the requirement of being at the site. Therefore, it is well suited for inaccessible terrain &amp;#8211; for instance, due to transportation, political restrictions, warfare, natural hazards, or lack of funding. Nevertheless, and to take full advantage of the software, users have to be aware of the limitations and strengths, which are discussed in this work based on two very different case studies.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Theoretical development of a stiffness decomposition method for calculating the displacement of complex bending structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4B) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuguo Zheng ◽  
◽  
Xiangshou Xiao ◽  
Minghang Chen ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Variable Cross ◽  
Unit Load ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Direct Integration Method

It is very difficult to provide analytical displacement solutions for complex bending structures, such as beams with variable cross-sections, in structural analysis. The common methods used for such analysis—the direct integration method and the conventional graph multiplication method—have disadvantages of inefficiency and large computational costs. Therefore, a new approach called the stiffness decomposition method was proposed to overcome these shortcomings. The fundamental principle of this new approach was derived based on the unit load method. The general calculation equation of displacement was derived and provided for general n-segment complex bending structures, and an operational procedure for this method was constructed to facilitate its application. Then, the method was applied to two case studies involving classic complex bending structures. The results showed the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method. The stiffness decomposition method was simpler and more efficient than the other two methods: the number of computations required by the stiffness decomposition method accounted for only 47.4% to 84.0% of the number of computations required by the other methods in the two case studies. The clear mathematical and mechanical derivation of the proposed method makes it easy to understand. Furthermore, the simplicity and practicality of this method make it extensively applicable.

Cross-Section and Staining-Based Techniques for Investigating Organic Materials in Painted and Polychrome Works of Art: A Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 860-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Crina Anca Sandu ◽  
Stephan Schäfer ◽  
Donata Magrini ◽  
Susanna Bracci ◽  
Cecilia A. Roque
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Routine Diagnostics ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Staining Techniques

AbstractThe article presents a review of the use of cross-section and staining techniques for investigating natural organic materials (mainly proteinaceous and oil-based binders/varnishes) in painted and polychrome artworks, considering the requirements of conservation practice and routine diagnostics. The reviewed literature calls attention to the importance of using cross sections to prepare samples for optical microscopy and to different properties of embedding resins; the most appropriate instrumental conditions for optical microscopy; and the advantages and disadvantages of the most common staining techniques. A few case studies were selected to illustrate the use of autofluorescence (intrinsic fluorescence) and induced fluorescence (using specific staining tests and fluorophore-labeled antibodies) for mapping and identifying organic paint materials in cross sections. New directions of research in cross-section analyses and fluorescence-based techniques for the identification and mapping of artistic materials are presented. The complementary use of different stains on the same cross section, further exploration of intrinsic and induced fluorescence of aged versus fresh materials, and applicability of cross-section observation and staining as complementary methods for assessing the effectiveness of restoration treatments, such as cleaning and consolidation, are discussed in the last section of the article.

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