scholarly journals Sketch-Based Interface and Modelling of Stratigraphy and Structure in 3D

2021 ◽  
pp. jgs2020-187
Author(s):  
Carl Jacquemyn ◽  
Margaret E. H. Pataki ◽  
Gary J. Hampson ◽  
Matthew D. Jackson ◽  
Dmytro Petrovskyy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
3D Surfaces

Geological modelling is widely used to predict resource potential in subsurface reservoirs. However, modelling is often slow, requires use of mathematical methods that are unfamiliar to many geoscientists and is implemented in expert software. We demonstrate here an alternative approach using Sketch-Based Interface and Modelling (SBIM) that allows rapid creation of complex three-dimensional (3D) models from 2D sketches. Sketches, either on vertical cross-sections or in map-view, are converted to 3D surfaces that outline geological interpretations. A suite of geological operators is proposed that handle interactions between the surfaces to form a geologically realistic 3D model. These operators deliver the flexibility to sketch a geological model in any order and provide an intuitive framework for geoscientists to rapidly create 3D models. Two case studies are presented, demonstrating scenarios in which different approaches to model sketching are used depending on the geological setting and available data. These case studies show the strengths of sketching with geological operators. Sketched 3D models can be queried visually or quantitatively to provide insights into heterogeneity distribution, facies connectivity or dynamic model behaviour; this information cannot be obtained by sketching in 2D or on paper.Supplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5303043

First evidence for tooth-tooth occlusion in a ctenochasmatid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota

2021 ◽  
pp. SP521-2021-141
Author(s):  
Chang-Fu Zhou ◽  
Xinyue Wang ◽  
Jiahao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
First Record ◽  
Jehol Biota ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Ct Data

AbstractCtenochasmatid pterosaurs flourished and diversified in the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota. Here, a partial mandible of Forfexopterus is described based on a three-dimensional reconstruction using high-resolution X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) data. The first nine pairs of functional teeth of the rostral dentition revealed along with their replacements. The functional teeth are evenly arranged with a tooth density of 2.2 teeth/cm. The tooth crown is distinctly reduced from its base to the tip, and framed by two weak ridges, possibly as a pair of vestigial carinae. The replacement teeth are sharp and pointed, and have erupted slightly against the medial surface of the functional teeth. Surprisingly, tooth wear is observed in this specimen, the first record of tooth-tooth occlusion in ctenochasmatids. The wear facets exhibit high-angled lingual and lower-angled labial facets, implying a tooth-tooth occlusion in pterosaur clade. This discovery indicates that the Jehol ctenochasmatids possibly employed a more active feeding strategy than other filter-feeding pterosaurs (e.g. Ctenochasma, Pterodaustro, Gnathosaurus).Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5722060

Bioprinting in ophthalmology: current advances and future pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataraj Poomathi ◽  
Sunpreet Singh ◽  
Chander Prakash ◽  
Rajkumar V. Patil ◽  
P.T. Perumal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Time Of Operation

Purpose Bioprinting is a promising technology, which has gained a recent attention, for application in all aspects of human life and has specific advantages in different areas of medicines, especially in ophthalmology. The three-dimensional (3D) printing tools have been widely used in different applications, from surgical planning procedures to 3D models for certain highly delicate organs (such as: eye and heart). The purpose of this paper is to review the dedicated research efforts that so far have been made to highlight applications of 3D printing in the field of ophthalmology. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the state-of-the-art review has been summarized for bioprinters, biomaterials and methodologies adopted to cure eye diseases. This paper starts with fundamental discussions and gradually leads toward the summary and future trends by covering almost all the research insights. For better understanding of the readers, various tables and figures have also been incorporated. Findings The usages of bioprinted surgical models have shown to be helpful in shortening the time of operation and decreasing the risk of donor, and hence, it could boost certain surgical effects. This demonstrates the wide use of bioprinting to design more precise biological research models for research in broader range of applications such as in generating blood vessels and cardiac tissue. Although bioprinting has not created a significant impact in ophthalmology, in recent times, these technologies could be helpful in treating several ocular disorders in the near future. Originality/value This review work emphasizes the understanding of 3D printing technologies, in the light of which these can be applied in ophthalmology to achieve successful treatment of eye diseases.

Contractional salt tectonics and role of pre-existing diapiric structures in the Southern Pyrenean foreland fold–thrust belt (Montsec and Serres Marginals)

2021 ◽  
pp. jgs2020-085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Burrel ◽  
Antonio Teixell
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Salt Tectonics ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Growth Strata ◽  
Structural Style ◽  
Supplementary Material

Triassic Keuper evaporites have long been recognized as the main detachment level for thrusting in the Pyrenean fold–thrust belts. The deformed Late Cretaceous–Eocene foreland basin of the Southern Pyrenees has structures and stratal geometries that can be interpreted as related to salt tectonics (e.g. unconformities, rapid thickness variations, long-lived growth fans and overturned flaps), although they have been overprinted by shortening and thrusting. Based on field observations and published maps, we build new structural cross-sections reinterpreting two classic transects of the Southern Pyrenees (Noguera Ribagorçana and Noguera Pallaresa river transects). The sequential restoration of the sections explores the variations in structural style, addressing the role of halokinesis in the tectonic and sedimentary development. In the Serres Marginals area, we propose that salt pillows and diapirs started developing locally during the Mesozoic pre-orogenic episode, evolving into a system of salt ridges and intervening synclines filled with early synorogenic sediments. Rapid amplification of folds recorded by widespread latest Cretaceous–Paleocene growth strata is taken as marking the onset of contractional folding in the area. During Pyrenean compression, folding mechanisms transitioned from dominantly halokinetic to a combination of buckling and differential sedimentary loading. Squeezing of salt diapirs and thrust welding occurred as salt ridges were unroofed. We provide new field observations that lead to a reinterpretation of the regional structural development and contribute to the debate about the role of salt tectonics in the Pyrenees.Supplementary material: Table S1, giving the thickness of the main stratigraphic units, is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5287737

Models partition for 3D printing objects using skeleton

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Jiang ◽  
Xiaosheng Cheng ◽  
Qingjin Peng ◽  
Luming Liang ◽  
Ning Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Sweep Method ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Minima Rule ◽  
The Greedy Algorithm

Purpose It is a challenge to print a model with the size that is larger than the working volume of a three-dimensional (3D) printer. The purpose of this paper is to present a feasible approach to divide a large model into small printing parts to fit the volume of a printer and then assemble these parts into the final model. Design/methodology/approach The proposed approach is based on the skeletonization and the minima rule. The skeleton of a printing model is first extracted using the mesh contraction and the principal component analysis. The 3D model is then partitioned preliminarily into many smaller parts using the space sweep method and the minima rule. The preliminary partition is finally optimized using the greedy algorithm. Findings The skeleton of a 3D model can effectively represent a simplified version of the geometry of the 3D model. Using a model’s skeleton to partition the model is an efficient way. As it is generally desirable to have segmentations at concave creases and seams, the cutting position should be located in the concave region. The proposed approach can partition large models effectively to well retain the integrity of meaningful parts. Originality/value The proposed approach is new in the rapid prototyping field using the model skeletonization and the minima rule. Based on the authors’ knowledge, there is no method that concerns the integrity of meaningful parts for partitioning. The proposed method can achieve satisfactory results by the integrity of meaningful parts and assemblability for most 3D models.

scholarly journals Accuracy of 2D modeling approach for performance simulation of noncircular single- and dual-layer monolithic catalysts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Mozaffari
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Flow Region ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
2D Modeling ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Monolithic Catalysts

This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of widely applied approach of modeling noncircular channels and washcoats of monolithic catalysts with equivalent circular geometrical shapes. For this purpose, catalytic performance of equivalent circular and square channel cross-sectional shapes with single-layer Pt/Al2O3 and dual-layer Fe-ZSM-5+Pt/Al2O3 washcoats are investigated. For the noncircular cross-sections, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics models that consider species gases convection inside the channel bulk flow region, and reaction and diffusion of species inside the washcoat layer(s) are utilized to simulate the performance of one channel of the monolithic catalytic converters. In addition, in order to investigate the amount of inaccuracy of 2D modeling approach for noncircular channels, 2D models are applied to simulate the equivalent monolithic catalysts with circular cross-sections, and the results of the 2D and 3D models are compared together, and also, with the experimental and 1D+1D modeling technique results available in the literature.

3D printing of generative art using the assembly and deformation of direction-specified parts

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 636-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaususi Kanada
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Printing Direction

Purpose A methodology for designing and printing three-dimensional (3D) objects with specified printing-direction using fused deposition modeling (FDM), which was proposed by a previous paper, enables the expression of natural directions, such as hair, fabric or other directed textures, in modeled objects. This paper aims to enhance this methodology for creating various shapes of generative visual objects with several specialized attributes. Design/methodology/approach The proposed enhancement consists of two new methods and a new technique. The first is a method for “deformation”. It enables deforming simple 3D models to create varieties of shapes much more easily in generative design processes. The second is the spiral/helical printing method. The print direction (filament direction) of each part of a printed object is made consistent by this method, and it also enables seamless printing results and enables low-angle overhang. The third, i.e. the light-reflection control technique, controls the properties of filament while printing with transparent polylactic acid. It enables the printed objects to reflect light brilliantly. Findings The proposed methods and technique were implemented in a Python library and evaluated by printing various shapes, and it is confirmed that they work well, and objects with attractive attributes, such as the brilliance, can be created. Research limitations/implications The methods and technique proposed in this paper are not well-suited to industrial prototyping or manufacturing that require strength or intensity. Practical implications The techniques proposed in this paper are suited for generatively producing various a small number of products with artistic or visual properties. Originality/value This paper proposes a completely different methodology for 3D printing than the conventional computer-aided design (CAD)-based methodology and enables products that cannot be created by conventional methods.

scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of AnNitA, the Aspergillus nidulans High-Affinity Nitrite Transporter

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1724-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiela E. Unkles ◽  
Vicki F. Symington ◽  
Zorica Kotur ◽  
Ye Wang ◽  
M. Yaeesh Siddiqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Sigmoidal Kinetics ◽  
Domain 3

ABSTRACT High-affinity nitrite influx into mycelia of Aspergillus nidulans has been characterized by use of 13 NO 2 − , giving average K m and V max values of 48 ± 8 μM and 228 ± 49 nmol mg −1 dry weight (DW) h −1 , respectively. Kinetic analysis of a plot that included an additional large number of low-concentration fluxes gave an excellent monophasic fit ( r 2 = 0.96), with no indication of sigmoidal kinetics. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) models of AnNitA are presented, and the possible roles of conserved asparagine residues N122 (transmembrane domain 3 ]Tm 3]), N173 (Tm 4), N214 (Tm 5), and N246 (Tm 6) are discussed.

Methodology for digital preservation of the cultural and patrimonial heritage: generation of a 3D model of the Church St. Peter and Paul (Calw, Germany) by using laser scanning and digital photogrammetry

Sensor Review ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdalmenem Owda ◽  
José Balsa-Barreiro ◽  
Dieter Fritsch
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Digital Preservation ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Proper Solution ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Photorealistic Models

Purpose Representative cultural heritage sites and monuments around the world have been lost or damaged by natural disasters, human conflicts and daily erosion and deterioration. Documentation and digital preservation by using three-dimensional (3D) modeling techniques enables to ensure the knowledge and access for future generations. Efficient working methods and techniques should be proposed for this purpose. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, a methodology for the generation of 3D photorealistic models of representative historical buildings is introduced, for using data are obtained using terrestrial laser scanning systems and photogrammetry. Findings In this paper, an approach to reconstruct 3D photorealistic models by using laser scanning and photogrammetric data is shown. Combination of data from both sources offers an improved solution for 3D reconstruction of historical buildings, sites and places. Integration of 3D models into virtual globes and/or software applications can ensure digital preservation and knowledge for next generations. Research limitations/implications Results obtained in a concrete building are shown. However, each building or studied area can show some other different drawbacks. Practical implications The study enables to generate 3D and four-dimensional models of most valuable buildings and contribute to the preservation and documentation of the cultural heritage. Social implications The study enables digital documentation and preservation of cultural heritage. Originality/value A proper solution at field (in a real and complicated case) is explained, in addition to the results, which are shown.

Construction and Application of 3D and 2D Type Maps for Linkages

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 2377-2386
Author(s):  
Wen Yeuan Chung
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Solid Modeling ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Output Link ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Drag Link

The 3D and 2D type maps for planar four-bar and simply RSSR linkages are constructed with illustration of their application. The criteria determining the rotatability of input or output link are developed or reviewed for both linkages. Three-dimensional type maps are then constructed by integrating the tool for numerical analysis and solid modeling software, e.g. MATLAB and PRO/E. The coordinate axes are mainly three ratios of link lengths. The types are classified based on whether the input or output link can make fully rotation. Each type map is composed of five regions representing different types. They are drag link, crank-rocker, rocker-crank, double-rocker, and unassembled. Any cross sections can be taken readily and arbitrarily from the 3D models along any plane or surfaces to get 2D type maps. The constructed type maps are also combined with curves or surfaces representing performances of transmission ratio. With type maps and related surfaces, the design process can be simplified and expedited substantially.

scholarly journals UAV-BASED PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE SITE SURVEY AND 3D MODELING OF THE SARDUS PATER TEMPLE (ITALY)

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W17 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
V. Bagnolo ◽  
N. Paba
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Standard ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Active Sensors ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Effective Visualization

Abstract. Despite the high standard guaranteed by 3D scanning technology, image based modeling establishes the most widely used technique for surface reconstruction, being a cheaper and more portable approach. The strong increase in the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), is increasingly affirming and consolidating over the years. Being more cheap and portable than the active sensors approach, the combination of photogrammetry and drones is widely used for different applications both for large scale mapping and for documentation of architecture and archaeological heritage. UAV based photogrammetry allows for rapid accurate mapping and three-dimensional modelling. Over the last two decades, the study of archaeological sites have benefited from the constant evolution of sensor-based surveying techniques, finding effective application for purely visualization purposes or for the extraction of metric data. The Punic-Roman temple "Sardus Pater Babai" in southern Sardinia (Italy), has been the subject of a massive anastylosis. The close-range photogrammetry technique, exploiting the images produced by a UAV consumer and the GNSS system data, has allowed the creation of metrically correct 2D and 3D models useful also for an effective visualization of the information. A series of ortho-images has been extracted in order to represent plan, elevations and cross-sections of the monument.

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