Exercise intensity modulates the change in cerebral blood flow following aerobic exercise in chronic stroke

Little is known about the response of the cerebrovasculature to acute exercise in children and how these responses might differ with adults. Therefore, we compared changes in middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAVmean), end-tidal Pco2 ([Formula: see text]), blood pressure, and minute ventilation (V̇e) in response to incremental exercise between children and adults. Thirteen children [age: 9 ± 1 (SD) yr] and thirteen sex-matched adults (age: 25 ± 4 yr) completed a maximal exercise test, during which MCAVmean, [Formula: see text], and V̇e were measured continuously. These variables were measured at rest, at exercise intensities specific to individual ventilatory thresholds, and at maximum. Although MCAVmean was higher at rest in children compared with adults, there were smaller increases in children (1–12%) compared with adults (12–25%) at all exercise intensities. There were alterations in [Formula: see text] with exercise intensity in an age-dependent manner [ F(2.5,54.5) = 7.983, P < 0.001; η2 = 0.266], remaining stable in children with increasing exercise intensity (37–39 mmHg; P > 0.05) until hyperventilation-induced reductions following the respiratory compensation point. In adults, [Formula: see text] increased with exercise intensity (36–45 mmHg, P < 0.05) until the ventilatory threshold. From the ventilatory threshold to maximum, adults showed a greater hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia than children. These findings show that the relative increase in MCAVmean during exercise was attenuated in children compared with adults. There was also a weaker relationship between MCAVmean and [Formula: see text] during exercise in children, suggesting that cerebral perfusion may be regulated by different mechanisms during exercise in the child. NEW & NOTEWORTHY These findings provide the first direct evidence that exercise increases cerebral blood flow in children to a lesser extent than in adults. Changes in end-tidal CO2 parallel changes in cerebral perfusion in adults but not in children, suggesting age-dependent regulatory mechanisms of cerebral blood flow during exercise.

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Aerobic exercise training increases cerebral blood flow in postmenopausal women

Artery Research ◽

10.1016/j.artres.2012.05.003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 124 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nobuhiko Akazawa ◽

Youngju Choi ◽

Asako Miyaki ◽

Jun Sugawara ◽

Ryuichi Ajisaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training

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Relation of cerebral blood flow to motor and cognitive functions in chronic stroke patients.

Stroke ◽

10.1161/01.str.25.2.309 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 309-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S Mori ◽

S Sadoshima ◽

S Ibayashi ◽

K Lino ◽

M Fujishima

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Chronic Stroke ◽

Stroke Patients

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[IC-P-114]: EXERCISE TRAINING AND CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW IN PRECLINICAL ALZHEIMER's DISEASE: RESULTS FROM THE AEROBIC EXERCISE AND COGNITIVE HEALTH (REACH) STUDY

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.2388 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (7S_Part_2) ◽

pp. P89-P90 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ryan J. Dougherty ◽

Elizabeth A. Boots ◽

Howard A. Rowley ◽

Bruce P. Hermann ◽

Mark A. Sager ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Preclinical Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Cognitive Health

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Acute Effect of Moderate-intensity Aerobic Exercise on Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function in Young Adults: Treadmill vs. Cycle Ergometer

Exercise Science ◽

10.15857/ksep.2020.29.2.162 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 162-169

Author(s):

Yejin Kang ◽

Ruda Lee ◽

Moon-Hyon Hwang ◽

Myong-Joo Lim

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Young Adults ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Color Word ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Post Exercise

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the acute effects of different types (treadmill vs. cycle) of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in young adults.METHODS: By a randomized crossover study design, ten participants were initially assigned to either treadmill exercise (TE; n=5) or cycle ergometer exercise (CE; n=5) and then they performed the other with seven-day wash-out period. Both exercises were implemented at the target heart rate corresponding to 70% of heart rate reserve for 30 minutes. Cognitive function was assessed by the Stroop Color-Word test at pre- and post-exercise. Cerebral blood flow was continuously monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy technique during rest, cognitive function test (CFT), and exercise.RESULTS: There was a significant group by time interaction in tissue saturation index (TSI) (p=.046). Post-hoc analysis presented that TSI at post-exercise CFT was higher than during exercise in TE (p=.02). In both exercises, TSI at pre-exercise CFT significantly increased compared to the resting value (p=.001). Cerebral oxyhemoglobin level was significantly increased during exercise and at post-exercise CFT compared to the resting value in both exercises (p<.001). The reaction time for certain cognitive tasks such as color, word with matched color, word with color interference, and color with word interference was improved after both exercises (p<.05).CONCLUSIONS: One-bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise acutely improves cerebral blood flow and cognitive function even in healthy young adults. Exercise types with the same intensity do not seem to make meaningful difference in the positive effects of aerobic exercise.

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Altered Arterial Stiffness, Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function in Young Smokers in Response to One-Bout of Aerobic Exercise: MICE vs. HIIE

Exercise Science ◽

10.15857/ksep.2020.29.3.307 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 307-315

Author(s):

Jisun Hwang ◽

Ruda Lee ◽

Jin-Su Kim ◽

Moon-Hyon Hwang

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Significant Group ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Young Smokers

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the acute effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) with moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on arterial stiffness, cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in young smokers.METHODS: Young smokers (23.1 years & 7.2 pack years) were randomly assigned to either MICE (n=5) or HIIE (n=4) group. MICE was implemented at 70% of HRmax for 30 minutes. HIIE was performed at 70% and 90% of HRmax for 24 minutes. Central artery stiffness was assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), augmentation index (AIx) at pre and post-exercise, and 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 24 hours following the exercises. Cerebral blood flow was continuously monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy technique before and during exercise, and at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 24 hours following the exercises. Cognitive function was assessed by Stroop Color-Word test at pre-exercise, and 30 minutes and 24 hours following the exercises.RESULTS: There was no significant group by time interaction in cfPWV, AIx, cerebral blood flow (HbO2) level, and cognitive function. Compared with MICE, cfPWV was increased (p=.01) at 30 minutes but AIx was decreased (p=.02) at 1 hour following HIIE. When MICE and HIIE combined, arterial stiffness and cerebral blood flow measures, and cognitive function parameters were improved following even one-bout of exercise (p≤.049). Change in AIx was associated with change in cognitive function at 30 minutes following the exercises (r=.69, p=.06).CONCLUSIONS: Even one-bout of either MIIE or HIIT acutely improves aortic wave reflection, cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in young smokers. The intensity of aerobic exercise does not seem to make meaningful differences in the positive effects on arterial stiffness, cerebral blood flow, and cognitive function in young smokers if both exercises have the same volume.

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