Acute Effect of Moderate-intensity Aerobic Exercise on Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function in Young Adults: Treadmill vs. Cycle Ergometer

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the acute effects of different types (treadmill vs. cycle) of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in young adults.METHODS: By a randomized crossover study design, ten participants were initially assigned to either treadmill exercise (TE; n=5) or cycle ergometer exercise (CE; n=5) and then they performed the other with seven-day wash-out period. Both exercises were implemented at the target heart rate corresponding to 70% of heart rate reserve for 30 minutes. Cognitive function was assessed by the Stroop Color-Word test at pre- and post-exercise. Cerebral blood flow was continuously monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy technique during rest, cognitive function test (CFT), and exercise.RESULTS: There was a significant group by time interaction in tissue saturation index (TSI) (p=.046). Post-hoc analysis presented that TSI at post-exercise CFT was higher than during exercise in TE (p=.02). In both exercises, TSI at pre-exercise CFT significantly increased compared to the resting value (p=.001). Cerebral oxyhemoglobin level was significantly increased during exercise and at post-exercise CFT compared to the resting value in both exercises (p<.001). The reaction time for certain cognitive tasks such as color, word with matched color, word with color interference, and color with word interference was improved after both exercises (p<.05).CONCLUSIONS: One-bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise acutely improves cerebral blood flow and cognitive function even in healthy young adults. Exercise types with the same intensity do not seem to make meaningful difference in the positive effects of aerobic exercise.

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Altered Arterial Stiffness, Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function in Young Smokers in Response to One-Bout of Aerobic Exercise: MICE vs. HIIE

Exercise Science ◽

10.15857/ksep.2020.29.3.307 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 307-315

Author(s):

Jisun Hwang ◽

Ruda Lee ◽

Jin-Su Kim ◽

Moon-Hyon Hwang

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Significant Group ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Young Smokers

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the acute effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) with moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on arterial stiffness, cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in young smokers.METHODS: Young smokers (23.1 years & 7.2 pack years) were randomly assigned to either MICE (n=5) or HIIE (n=4) group. MICE was implemented at 70% of HRmax for 30 minutes. HIIE was performed at 70% and 90% of HRmax for 24 minutes. Central artery stiffness was assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), augmentation index (AIx) at pre and post-exercise, and 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 24 hours following the exercises. Cerebral blood flow was continuously monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy technique before and during exercise, and at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 24 hours following the exercises. Cognitive function was assessed by Stroop Color-Word test at pre-exercise, and 30 minutes and 24 hours following the exercises.RESULTS: There was no significant group by time interaction in cfPWV, AIx, cerebral blood flow (HbO2) level, and cognitive function. Compared with MICE, cfPWV was increased (p=.01) at 30 minutes but AIx was decreased (p=.02) at 1 hour following HIIE. When MICE and HIIE combined, arterial stiffness and cerebral blood flow measures, and cognitive function parameters were improved following even one-bout of exercise (p≤.049). Change in AIx was associated with change in cognitive function at 30 minutes following the exercises (r=.69, p=.06).CONCLUSIONS: Even one-bout of either MIIE or HIIT acutely improves aortic wave reflection, cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in young smokers. The intensity of aerobic exercise does not seem to make meaningful differences in the positive effects on arterial stiffness, cerebral blood flow, and cognitive function in young smokers if both exercises have the same volume.

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Taekwondo Enhances Cognitive Function as a Result of Increased Neurotrophic Growth Factors in Elderly Women

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16060962 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 962 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Su-Youn Cho ◽

Hee-Tae Roh

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Color Word ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Test Word ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Word Test

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of regular taekwondo (TKD) training on physical fitness, neurotrophic growth factors, cerebral blood flow (CBF) velocity, and cognitive function in elderly women. Thirty-seven women aged 65 or older were randomly assigned to either TKD (n = 19) or control (n = 18) group. TKD training was performed at 50–80% maximum heart rate (HRmax) for 60 min, five times per week for 16 weeks. All participants underwent the following examinations before and after the intervention: Senior Fitness Test; serum levels of neurotrophic growth factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1); systolic, diastolic, and mean blood flow velocity and pulsatility index of the middle cerebral artery using Doppler ultrasonography; Mini-Mental State Examination for dementia screening (MMSE-DS); and Stroop Color and Word Test (word, color, and color-word). In the TKD group, lower body strength and flexibility, aerobic endurance levels, BDNF, VEGF, and IGF-1 serum levels as well as the color-word test scores were significantly increased after as compared to before the intervention (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in cerebral blood flow velocities and the MMSE-DS score (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that regular TKD training may be effective in improving not only fitness but also cognitive function in elderly women. The latter effect may be due to increased neurotrophic growth factor levels.

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Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity and Cognitive Function Preceding Post‐Exercise Syncope

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.675.27 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Dylan Sieck ◽

Meredith Luttrell ◽

Steven Romero ◽

Mathew Ely ◽

John Halliwill

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Blood Flow Velocity ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity ◽

Post Exercise

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Assessment of Cerebrovascular Dynamics and Cognitive Function with Acute Aerobic Exercise in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis

International Journal of MS Care ◽

10.7224/1537-2073.2020-003 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wesley K. Lefferts ◽

Alexander J. Rosenberg ◽

Elizabeth C. Schroeder ◽

Georgios Grigoriadis ◽

Brian M. Sandroff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Relapsing Remitting ◽

Artery Stiffness ◽

Cerebrovascular Hemodynamics

Abstract Background: Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) may partially stem from inadequate cerebral blood flow. Cerebral blood flow and cognitive function improve with aerobic exercise in healthy adults. The effect of aerobic exercise on cerebrovascular hemodynamics and cognitive performance in persons with MS is unclear. The acute effect of aerobic exercise versus quiet rest on cerebrovascular hemodynamics and cognitive performance in relapsing-remitting MS was examined. Methods: Sixteen adults with relapsing-remitting MS underwent cerebrovascular hemodynamics and cognitive performance testing before, 2 minutes after, and 30 minutes after aerobic exercise (20-minute treadmill walking, 60% peak oxygen consumption) and a time-matched seated control. Brachial blood pressure was obtained via an oscillometric cuff. Right middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood velocity was measured via transcranial Doppler and used to calculate mean velocity, pulsatility index (PI), and conductance. Carotid artery stiffness was measured via ultrasonography and tonometry. Cognitive performance (accuracy, reaction time) was assessed using a modified flanker task. Results: Exercise elicited significant increases in mean pressure and carotid artery stiffness and decreases in MCA conductance at 2 minutes after exercise, which subsided by 30 minutes (P < .05). Exercise did not significantly alter MCA PI. Flanker reaction time decreased during posttesting in both conditions (P < .05). There were no condition × time interactions for cognitive performance. Conclusions: Persons with MS seem resilient to exercise-induced acute changes in MCA PI despite transient carotid stiffening, potentially via reductions in MCA conductance. These data suggest that changes in cognitive performance after acute aerobic exercise are not directly related to transient cerebrovascular responses in persons with MS.

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Caffeine affects autonomic control of heart rate and blood pressure recovery after aerobic exercise in young adults: a crossover study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-017-14540-4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Luana Almeida Gonzaga ◽

Luiz Carlos Marques Vanderlei ◽

Rayana Loch Gomes ◽

Vitor Engrácia Valenti

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Young Adults ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Crossover Study ◽

Autonomic Control ◽

Pressure Recovery

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Short-term Effects Of Non-invasive Ventilation On Cerebral Blood Flow And Cognitive Function In COPD Patients And In Healthy Volunteers

10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a3063 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Mirizana Alves-de-Almeida ◽

Francisco A.A. Gondim ◽

Tauily C.D. Taunay ◽

Francisco F. Costa ◽

Gustavo T.C. Penha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Invasive Ventilation ◽

Short Term ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Copd Patients ◽

Non Invasive Ventilation ◽

Short Term Effects

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Temporal Changes of Cerebral Blood Flow for Stroop Color-Word Test: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study

10.12792/icisip2021.015 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kazuhiro Koshi ◽

Ryushi Morita ◽

Kenji Moriya ◽

Keiji Matsumoto ◽

Hirohito Shintani

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Color Word ◽

Temporal Changes ◽

Spectroscopy Study ◽

Word Test ◽

Stroop Color Word Test

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Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery on the Brain; Simultaneous Assessment of Glucose Uptake, Blood Flow, Neural Activity and Cognitive Function during Normo- and Hypoglycemia

10.2337/figshare.14114159 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kristina E. Almby ◽

Martin H. Lundqvist ◽

Niclas Abrahamsson ◽

Sofia Kvernby ◽

Markus Fahlström ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Gastric Bypass ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Counterregulatory Hormones ◽

Fdg Uptake ◽

Post Surgery ◽

Total Brain ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

The Brain

While Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) surgery in obese individuals typically improves glycemic control and prevents diabetes, it also frequently causes hypoglycemia. Previous work showed attenuated counter-regulatory responses following RYGB. The underlying mechanisms as well as the clinical consequences are unclear. In this study, 11 non-diabetic subjects with severe obesity were investigated pre- and post-RYGB during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamps. Assessments were made of hormones, cognitive function, cerebral blood flow by arterial spin labeling, brain glucose metabolism by FDG PET and activation of brain networks by functional MRI. Post- vs pre-surgery, we found a general increase of cerebral blood flow but a decrease of total brain FDG uptake during normoglycemia. During hypoglycemia, there was a marked increase in total brain FDG uptake and this was similar for post- and pre-surgery, whereas hypothalamic FDG uptake was reduced. During hypoglycemia, attenuated responses of counterregulatory hormones and improvements in cognitive function were seen post-surgery. In early hypoglycemia, there was increased activation post- vs pre-surgery of neural networks in CNS regions implicated in glucose regulation such as the thalamus and hypothalamus. The results suggest adaptive responses of the brain that contribute to lowering of glycemia following RYGB, and the underlying mechanisms should be further elucidated.

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