scholarly journals The effect of age, sex and a firm-textured surface on postural control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Palazzo ◽  
Alessandra Nardi ◽  
Niloofar Lamouchideli ◽  
Alfio Caronti ◽  
Anas Alashram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Textured Surface ◽  
Textured Surfaces ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Eyes Open

AbstractIn previous studies, the influence of plantar sensation has been examined using various textured surfaces with different stiffness materials to assess static balance. This study investigated the effects of a Firm Textured Surface (FTS) along with age and sex-related influences on postural control under different visual conditions. Forty subjects (20 elderly, 10 males, mean age 68.30, 10 females, mean age 68.00, and 20 young people, 10 males, mean age 25.45, 10 females, mean age 27.30) participated in this study maintained a quiet standing on FTS, foam and firm surfaces with eyes open and closed. The center of pressure displacement (CoPDISP), CoP velocity (CoPVEL), and sway velocity of the CoP in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) direction (VA/P and VM/L) were measured. FTS was associated with lower postural sway measures in both the groups with eyes open and closed. However, the foam surface showed the worst results in all postural parameters under all experimental conditions. Separate four-way ANOVAs were applied to each dependent variable. The main effects of surface (p < 0.0001), vision (p < 0.0001) and age (p < 0.0001 for CoPDISP, CoPVEL and VA/P; p = 0.0003 for VM/L) were significant in each of the four fitted models. Sex was never significant, either as a main effect or an interaction with other experimental factors. Eyes open were able to reduce the negative effects of the foam surfaces but without vision the proprioceptive sensory system cues of the body state become more important for maintaining balance. A good stimulation with rigid texture should be considered as relief to reduce the physiological-related decline of afferent information with age.

scholarly journals Relation between the Sensory and Anthropometric Variables in the Quiet Standing Postural Control: Is the Inverted Pendulum Important for the Static Balance Control?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica C. Alonso ◽  
Luis Mochizuki ◽  
Natália Mariana Silva Luna ◽  
Sérgio Ayama ◽  
Alexandra Carolina Canonica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Limb Length ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Mineral Density

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between the sensory and anthropometric variables in the quiet standing.Methods. One hundred individuals (50 men, 50 women; 20–40 years old) participated in this study. For all participants, the body composition (fat tissue, lean mass, bone mineral content, and bone mineral density) and body mass, height, trunk-head length, lower limb length, and upper limb length were measured. The center of pressure was measured during the quiet standing posture, the eyes opened and closed with a force platform. Correlation and regression analysis were run to analyze the relation among body composition, anthropometric data, and postural sway.Results. The correlation analysis showed low relation between postural sway and anthropometric variables. The multiple linear regression analyses showed that the height explained 12% of the mediolateral displacement and 11% of the center of pressure area. The length of the trunk head explained 6% of displacement in the anteroposterior postural sway. During eyes closed condition, the support basis and height explained 18% of mediolateral postural sway.Conclusion. The postural control depends on body composition and dimension. This relation is mediated by the sensory information. The height was the anthropometric variable that most influenced the postural sway.

Unsupported Eyes Closed Sitting and Quiet Standing Share Postural Control Strategies in Healthy Individuals

Motor Control ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murielle Grangeon ◽  
Cindy Gauthier ◽  
Cyril Duclos ◽  
Jean-Francois Lemay ◽  
Dany Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Almost All

The study aimed to (1) compare postural stability between sitting and standing in healthy individuals and (2) define center-of-pressure (COP) measures during sitting that could also explain standing stability. Fourteen healthy individuals randomly maintained (1) two short-sitting positions with eyes open or closed, with or without hand support, and (2) one standing position with eyes open with both upper limbs resting alongside the body. Thirty-six COP measures based on time and frequency series were computed. Greater COP displacement and velocity along with lower frequency measures were found for almost all directional components during standing compared with both sitting positions. The velocity, 95% confidence ellipse area, and centroidal frequency were found to be correlated between unsupported sitting and standing. Despite evidenced differences between sitting and standing, similarities in postural control were highlighted when sitting stability was the most challenging. These findings support further investigation between dynamic sitting and standing balance.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Standing Postural Control in Women under Additional Load

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
Bożena Wojciechowska-Maszkowska ◽  
Dorota Borzucka
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Additional Load ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Heavy Loads ◽  
Load Conditions

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of additional load on postural-stability control in young women. To evaluate postural control in the 34 women in this study (mean age, 20.8 years), we measured postural sway (center of pressure, COP) in a neutral stance (with eyes open) in three trials of 30 s each. Three load conditions were used in the study: 0, 14, and 30 kg. In analysis, we used three COP parameters, variability (linear), mean sway velocity (linear), and entropy (nonlinear). Results suggested that a considerable load on a young woman’s body (approximately 48% of body weight) had significant influence on stability. Specifically, heavy loads triggered random movements, increased the dynamics of postural-stability control, and required more attention to control standing posture. The results of our study indicate that inferior postural control mainly results from insufficient experience in lifting such a load.

scholarly journals The Effects of Active Self-Correction on Postural Control in Girls with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: The Role of an Additional Mental Task

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Piątek ◽  
Michał Kuczyński ◽  
Bożena Ostrowska
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Mental Task

Due to balance deficits that accompany adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), the potential interaction between activities of daily living and active self-correction movements (ASC) on postural control deserves particular attention. Our purpose was to assess the effects of ASC movements with or without a secondary mental task on postural control in twenty-five girls with AIS. It is a quasi-experimental within-subject design with repeated measures ANOVA. They were measured in four 20-s quiet standing trials on a force plate: no task, ASC, Stroop test, and both. Based on the center-of-pressure (COP) recordings, the COP parameters were computed. The ASC alone had no effect on any of the postural sway measures. Stroop test alone decreased COP speed and increased COP entropy. Performing the ASC movements and Stroop test together increased the COP speed and decreased COP entropy as compared to the baseline data. In conclusion, our results indicate that AIS did not interfere with postural control. The effects of the Stroop test accounted for good capacity of subjects with AIS to take advantage of distracting attentional resources from the posture. However, performing both tasks together exhibited some deficits in postural control, which may suggest the need for therapeutic consultation while engaging in more demanding activities.

Reliability of Force-Platform Measures of Postural Sway and Expertise-Related Differences

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Meshkati ◽  
Mehdi Namazizadeh ◽  
Mahyar Salavati ◽  
Masood Mazaheri
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Specific Property ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Eyes Open

Context:Although reliability is a population-specific property, few studies have investigated the measurement error associated with force-platform parameters in athletic populations.Objective:To investigate the skill-related differences between athletes and nonathletes in reliability of center-of-pressure (COP) summary measures under eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) conditions.Design:Test–retest reliability study.Setting:COP was recorded during double-leg quiet standing on a Kistler force platform before and after a fatiguing treadmill exercise, with EO and EC.Participants:31 male participants including 15 athletes practiced in karate and 16 nonathletes.Main Outcome Measures:Standard deviation (SD) of amplitude, phase-plane portrait, SD of velocity, mean total velocity, and area were calculated from 30-s COP data. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement, and coefficient of variation (CV) were used as estimates of reliability and precision.Results:Higher ICCs were found for COP measures in the athlete (compared with the nonathlete) group, postfatigued (compared with prefatigued) condition, and EC (compared with EO) tests. CVs smaller than 15% were obtained for most of the COP measures. SD of velocity in the anteroposterior direction showed the highest reliability in most conditions.Conclusions:Tests with EC and to a lesser extent tests performed in the athlete group and in the postfatigued condition showed better reliability.

Sensory Reweighting During Bipedal Quiet Standing in Adolescents

Motor Control ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-396
Author(s):  
Alberto Pardo-Ibáñez ◽  
Jose L. Bermejo ◽  
Sergio Gandia ◽  
Julien Maitre ◽  
Israel Villarrasa-Sapiña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Sensory Reweighting ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Older Adolescents

A cross-sectional, prospective, between-subjects design was used in this study to establish the differences in sensory reweighting of postural control among different ages during adolescence. A total of 153 adolescents (five age groups; 13–17 years old) performed bipedal standing in three sensory conditions (i.e., with visual restriction, vestibular disturbance, and proprioceptive disturbance). Center of pressure displacement signals were measured in mediolateral and anteroposterior directions to characterize reweighting in the sensory system in static postural control when sensory information is disturbed or restricted during adolescent growth. The results indicate a development of postural control, showing large differences between subjects of 13–14 years old and older adolescents. A critical change was found in sensory reweighting during bipedal stance with disturbance of proprioceptive information at 15 years old. Adolescents of 13–14 years old showed less postural control and performance than older adolescents during the disturbance of proprioceptive information. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the visual system achieves its development around 15–16 years old. In conclusion, this research suggests that a difference of sensory reweighting under this type of sensorial condition and sensory reweight systems would seem to achieve stabilization at the age of 15.

scholarly journals Variability in Postural Control With and Without Balance-Based Torso- Weighting in People With Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Controls

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 1489-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte M. Hunt ◽  
Gail Widener ◽  
Diane D. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Movement Variability ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open

Background People with multiple sclerosis (MS) have diminished postural control, and center of pressure (COP) displacement varies more in this population than in healthy controls. Balance-based torso-weighting (BBTW) can improve clinical balance and mobility in people with MS, and exploration using both linear and nonlinear measures of COP may help determine whether BBTW optimizes movement variability. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of BBTW on people with MS and healthy controls during quiet standing. Design This was a quasi-experimental study comparing COP variability between groups, between eye closure conditions, and between weighting conditions in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions. Methods Twenty participants with MS and 18 healthy controls stood on a forceplate in 4 conditions: eyes open and closed and with and without BBTW. Linear measures of COP displacement included range and root mean square (RMS). Nonlinear measures included approximate entropy (ApEn) and Lyapunov exponent (LyE). Three-way repeated-measures analyses of variance compared measures across groups and conditions. The association between weighting response and baseline nonlinear variables was examined. When significant associations were found, MS subgroups were created and compared. Results The MS and control groups had significantly different range, RMS, and ApEn values. The eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions had significantly different range and RMS values. Change with weighting correlated with LyE (r=−.70) and ApEn (r=−.59). Two MS subgroups, with low and high baseline LyE values, responded to BBTW in opposite directions, with a significant main effect for weighting condition for the LyE variable in the medial-lateral direction. Limitations The small samples and no identification of impairments related to LyE at baseline were limitations of the study. Conclusions The LyE may help differentiate subgroups who respond differently to BBTW. In both subgroups, LyE values moved toward the average of healthy controls, suggesting that BBTW may help optimize movement variability in people with MS.

Sway-dependent modulation of the triceps surae H-reflex during standing

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 1359-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig D. Tokuno ◽  
S. Jayne Garland ◽  
Mark G. Carpenter ◽  
Alf Thorstensson ◽  
Andrew G. Cresswell
Keyword(s):  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
H Reflex ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Reflex Amplitude ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Spinal Excitability

Previous research has shown that changes in spinal excitability occur during the postural sway of quiet standing. In the present study, it was of interest to examine the independent effects of sway position and sway direction on the efficacy of the triceps surae Ia pathway, as reflected by the Hoffman (H)-reflex amplitude, during standing. Eighteen participants, tested under two different experimental protocols, stood quietly on a force platform. Percutaneous electrical stimulation was applied to the posterior tibial nerve when the position and direction of anteroposterior (A-P) center of pressure (COP) signal satisfied the criteria for the various experimental conditions. It was found that, regardless of sway position, a larger amplitude of the triceps surae H-reflex (difference of 9–14%; P = 0.005) occurred when subjects were swaying in the forward compared with the backward direction. The effects of sway position, independent of the sway direction, on spinal excitability exhibited a trend ( P = 0.075), with an 8.9 ± 3.7% increase in the H-reflex amplitude occurring when subjects were in a more forward position. The observed changes to the efficacy of the Ia pathway cannot be attributed to changes in stimulus intensity, as indicated by a constant M-wave amplitude, or to the small changes in the level of background electromyographic activity. One explanation for the changes in reflex excitability with respect to the postural sway of standing is that the neural modulation may be related to the small lengthening and shortening contractions occurring in the muscles of the triceps surae.

scholarly journals Stiffness Control of Balance During Quiet Standing and Dual Task in Older Adults: The MOBILIZE Boston Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 3510-3517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Gu Kang ◽  
Lewis A. Lipsitz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Boston Study

Distractions affect postural control, but this mechanism is not well understood. Diversion of resources during cognitive stress may lead to decreased motor drive and postural muscle tone. This may appear as decreased postural stiffness and increased postural sway amplitude. We hypothesized that dual tasking leads to decreased stiffness and increased sway amplitude. Postural sway (center of pressure; COP) data were used from 724 participants aged 77.9 ± 5.3 yr, a representative sample of community-dwelling older adults, the MOBILIZE Boston Study cohort. Subjects stood barefoot with eyes open for 30 s per trial on a force plate. Five trials were performed each with and without a serial subtractions-by-3 task. Sway data were fit to a damped oscillator inverted pendulum model. Amplitudes (COP and center of mass), mechanical stiffness, and damping of the sway behavior were determined. Sway amplitudes and damping increased with the dual task ( P < 0.001); stiffness decreased only mediolaterally ( P < 0.001). Those with difficulty doing the dual task exhibited larger sway and less damping mediolaterally ( P ≤ 0.001) and an increased stiffness with dual task anteroposteriorly (interaction P = 0.004). Dual task could still independently explain increases in sway ( P < 0.001) after accounting for stiffness changes. Thus the hypothesis was supported only in mediolateral sway. The simple model helped to explain the dual task related increase of sway only mediolaterally. It also elucidated the differential influence of cognitive function on the mechanics of anteroposterior and mediolateral sway behaviors. Dual task may divert the resources necessary for mediolateral postural control, thus leading to falls.

Effects on Postural Kinematics of Performing a Cognitive Task During Upright Standing

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-650
Author(s):  
Kohtaroh Hagio ◽  
Hiroki Obata ◽  
Kimitaka Nakazawa
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Uncontrolled Manifold ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Multijoint Coordination

The execution of cognitive tasks is known to alter postural sway during standing, but the underlying mechanisms are still debated. This study investigated how performing a mental task modified balance control during standing. We required 15 healthy adult males to maintain an upright stance under conditions of simply relaxing and maintaining normal quiet standing (control condition) or while performing a secondary cognitive task (mental arithmetic). Under each condition, we measured the participants’ center of pressure and used kinematic measurements for a quantitative evaluation of postural control modulation. We calculated the standard deviation of the joint angles (ankle, knee, and hip) and the estimated joint stiffness to measure joint mobility changes in postural control. To estimate the kinematic pattern of covariation among these joints, we used uncontrolled manifold analysis, an assessment of the strength of multijoint coordination. Compared to normal standing, executing the cognitive task while standing led to reduced movements of the ankle and hip joints. There were no significant differences in ankle stiffness or uncontrolled manifold ratios between the conditions. Our results suggest that when performing a secondary cognitive task during standing, neither changes in the modification of stiffness nor the strength of multijoint coordination (both of which preserve the center of mass position) explains changes in postural sway.

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