scholarly journals Relation between the Sensory and Anthropometric Variables in the Quiet Standing Postural Control: Is the Inverted Pendulum Important for the Static Balance Control?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica C. Alonso ◽  
Luis Mochizuki ◽  
Natália Mariana Silva Luna ◽  
Sérgio Ayama ◽  
Alexandra Carolina Canonica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Limb Length ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Mineral Density

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between the sensory and anthropometric variables in the quiet standing.Methods. One hundred individuals (50 men, 50 women; 20–40 years old) participated in this study. For all participants, the body composition (fat tissue, lean mass, bone mineral content, and bone mineral density) and body mass, height, trunk-head length, lower limb length, and upper limb length were measured. The center of pressure was measured during the quiet standing posture, the eyes opened and closed with a force platform. Correlation and regression analysis were run to analyze the relation among body composition, anthropometric data, and postural sway.Results. The correlation analysis showed low relation between postural sway and anthropometric variables. The multiple linear regression analyses showed that the height explained 12% of the mediolateral displacement and 11% of the center of pressure area. The length of the trunk head explained 6% of displacement in the anteroposterior postural sway. During eyes closed condition, the support basis and height explained 18% of mediolateral postural sway.Conclusion. The postural control depends on body composition and dimension. This relation is mediated by the sensory information. The height was the anthropometric variable that most influenced the postural sway.

scholarly journals Men and women do not have the same relation between body composition and postural sway

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (02) ◽  
pp. 093-097 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alonso ◽  
L. Mochizuki ◽  
N. Luna ◽  
A. Canonica ◽  
R. Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Men And Women

Abstract Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of body composition on the postural sway during quiet standing. Our hypothesis is that men and women do not have the same relation between body composition and postural sway during quiet standing. Materials and Methods: Participated in the study 50 men and 50 women; age range: 20-40 years old. The main outcome measures were: Body composition (bone densitometry), percentage of fat (% fat) tissue (g), fat (g), lean mass (g), bone mineral content (g) and bone mineral density (g/cm2); Anthropometry: body mass (kg), height (cm), length of the trunk-head (cm), length of lower limbs (cm). The following indices were calculated: body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) and Postural balance test - center ofpressure displacement. Results: The correlation analysis showed low correlations between postural sway and anthropometric variables. The multiple linear regression model showed that the body composition and the anthropometry were able to explain only men's postural sway. Conclusion: The postural sway is sex type dependent. Men and women have different relations between body composition and postural sway. Only male's body composition affected the body sway.

scholarly journals The effect of age, sex and a firm-textured surface on postural control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Palazzo ◽  
Alessandra Nardi ◽  
Niloofar Lamouchideli ◽  
Alfio Caronti ◽  
Anas Alashram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Textured Surface ◽  
Textured Surfaces ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Eyes Open

AbstractIn previous studies, the influence of plantar sensation has been examined using various textured surfaces with different stiffness materials to assess static balance. This study investigated the effects of a Firm Textured Surface (FTS) along with age and sex-related influences on postural control under different visual conditions. Forty subjects (20 elderly, 10 males, mean age 68.30, 10 females, mean age 68.00, and 20 young people, 10 males, mean age 25.45, 10 females, mean age 27.30) participated in this study maintained a quiet standing on FTS, foam and firm surfaces with eyes open and closed. The center of pressure displacement (CoPDISP), CoP velocity (CoPVEL), and sway velocity of the CoP in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) direction (VA/P and VM/L) were measured. FTS was associated with lower postural sway measures in both the groups with eyes open and closed. However, the foam surface showed the worst results in all postural parameters under all experimental conditions. Separate four-way ANOVAs were applied to each dependent variable. The main effects of surface (p < 0.0001), vision (p < 0.0001) and age (p < 0.0001 for CoPDISP, CoPVEL and VA/P; p = 0.0003 for VM/L) were significant in each of the four fitted models. Sex was never significant, either as a main effect or an interaction with other experimental factors. Eyes open were able to reduce the negative effects of the foam surfaces but without vision the proprioceptive sensory system cues of the body state become more important for maintaining balance. A good stimulation with rigid texture should be considered as relief to reduce the physiological-related decline of afferent information with age.

Effects on Postural Kinematics of Performing a Cognitive Task During Upright Standing

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-650
Author(s):  
Kohtaroh Hagio ◽  
Hiroki Obata ◽  
Kimitaka Nakazawa
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Uncontrolled Manifold ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Multijoint Coordination

The execution of cognitive tasks is known to alter postural sway during standing, but the underlying mechanisms are still debated. This study investigated how performing a mental task modified balance control during standing. We required 15 healthy adult males to maintain an upright stance under conditions of simply relaxing and maintaining normal quiet standing (control condition) or while performing a secondary cognitive task (mental arithmetic). Under each condition, we measured the participants’ center of pressure and used kinematic measurements for a quantitative evaluation of postural control modulation. We calculated the standard deviation of the joint angles (ankle, knee, and hip) and the estimated joint stiffness to measure joint mobility changes in postural control. To estimate the kinematic pattern of covariation among these joints, we used uncontrolled manifold analysis, an assessment of the strength of multijoint coordination. Compared to normal standing, executing the cognitive task while standing led to reduced movements of the ankle and hip joints. There were no significant differences in ankle stiffness or uncontrolled manifold ratios between the conditions. Our results suggest that when performing a secondary cognitive task during standing, neither changes in the modification of stiffness nor the strength of multijoint coordination (both of which preserve the center of mass position) explains changes in postural sway.

scholarly journals The Effects of Active Self-Correction on Postural Control in Girls with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: The Role of an Additional Mental Task

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Piątek ◽  
Michał Kuczyński ◽  
Bożena Ostrowska
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Mental Task

Due to balance deficits that accompany adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), the potential interaction between activities of daily living and active self-correction movements (ASC) on postural control deserves particular attention. Our purpose was to assess the effects of ASC movements with or without a secondary mental task on postural control in twenty-five girls with AIS. It is a quasi-experimental within-subject design with repeated measures ANOVA. They were measured in four 20-s quiet standing trials on a force plate: no task, ASC, Stroop test, and both. Based on the center-of-pressure (COP) recordings, the COP parameters were computed. The ASC alone had no effect on any of the postural sway measures. Stroop test alone decreased COP speed and increased COP entropy. Performing the ASC movements and Stroop test together increased the COP speed and decreased COP entropy as compared to the baseline data. In conclusion, our results indicate that AIS did not interfere with postural control. The effects of the Stroop test accounted for good capacity of subjects with AIS to take advantage of distracting attentional resources from the posture. However, performing both tasks together exhibited some deficits in postural control, which may suggest the need for therapeutic consultation while engaging in more demanding activities.

scholarly journals Postural control in top-level female volleyball players

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Borzucka ◽  
Krzysztof Kręcisz ◽  
Zbigniew Rektor ◽  
Michał Kuczyński
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Volleyball Players

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to compare the postural control of the Poland national women’s volleyball team players with a control group of non-training young women. It was hypothesized that volleyball players use a specific balance control strategy due to the high motor requirements of their team sport. Methods Static postural sway variables were measured in 31 athletes and 31 non-training women. Participants were standing on a force plate with eyes open, and their center of pressure signals were recorded for the 20s with the sampling rate of 20 Hz in the medial-lateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) planes. Results In both AP and ML planes, athletes had lower range and higher fractal dimension of the COP. They had also higher peak frequency than control group in the ML plane only. The remaining COP indices including variability, mean velocity and mean frequency did not display any intergroup differences. Conclusion It can be assumed that due to the high motor requirements of their sport discipline Polish female volleyball players have developed a unique posture control. On the court they have to distribute their sensory resources optimally between balance control and actions resulting from the specifics of the volleyball game. There are no clearly defined criteria for optimal postural strategies for elite athletes, but they rather vary depending on a given sport. The results of our research confirm this claim. Trial registration The tests were previously approved by the Bioethical Commission of the Chamber of Physicians in Opole. (Resolution No. 151/13.12.2007). This study adheres to the CONSORT guidelines.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND BODY COMPOSITION IN ELDERLY

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGÉLICA CASTILHO ALONSO ◽  
TUANE ANDREATTA GONÇALVES ◽  
JENIFER KRISTINA ALVES DE ALMEIDA ◽  
ADRIANA MACHADO-LIMA ◽  
RITA DE CÁSSIA ERNANDES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Healthy Older Adults

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in healthy older adults at different skeletal sites. Methods: We analyzed 87 medical records and BMD along with the body composition of men ranging from 60 to 87 years of age (mean: 68.5, standard deviation: 6.5). Inclusion criteria were normal BMD values (T-score greater than or equal to -1.0) and body mass index within normal or overweight range (18.5 to 29.5 kg/m2). Body composition was evaluated using bone densitometry with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in a LUNAR-DPX apparatus. Results: Greater lean mass, fat mass, and soft tissue was associated with better BMD values in older adults, and higher age was associated with poorer BMD. Conclusion: Body composition (lean and fat masses and soft tissue) in older men is positively associated with BMD at all body sites (arms, legs, and trunk). Level of Evidence II; Prognostic studies - Investigating the effect of a patient characteristic on the outcome of disease.

scholarly journals Comparison of a GE Lunar DPX-IQ and a Norland XR-26 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner for body composition measurements in pigs – <i>in vivo</i>

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lösel ◽  
P. Kremer ◽  
E. Albrecht ◽  
A. M. Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. In the context of future growth and performance testing, this study compares corresponding body composition results measured by two dual energy X-ray absorptiometry systems. To test the capability of each device to detect differences among experimental groups widely varying in body composition, 77 pigs from 6 purebred/crossbred groups were used for the experiment. Each pig was scanned consecutively on a Norland XR-26 and on a GE Lunar DPX-IQ. Coefficients of determination were: R²=0.92 for bone mineral content (BMC), R²=0.90 for bone mineral density (BMD), R²=0.94 for lean mass (LEAN), R²=0.92 for fat mass (FAT), R²=0.88 for lean percentage (%LEAN) and fat percentage (%FAT). However, Norland yielded larger values for %FAT and smaller values for %LEAN, BMC, and BMD than Lunar (P<0.001) with the extent of deviation depending on the specific trait and on the breeding group. The deviation in BMC was greater than the deviation in BMD, suggesting different bone detecting algorithms. Both systems revealed similar differences among the breeding groups, and ranked them in the same order based on numerical values. Differences in calibration, bone detection, and software algorithms, however, require a prior crosscalibration to make the body composition data from both systems directly comparable. Finally, they can be used across research centres for the determination of relative and absolute body composition differences among animal groups and individuals.

scholarly journals Equation to Fat Percentage Estimation in Women with Reduced Bone Mineral Density

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Cristiane da Silva Oselame ◽  
Gleidson Brandão Oselame ◽  
Oslei de Matos ◽  
Eduardo Borba Neves
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Postmenopausal Period

Introduction: The measurement of body fat is a way to obtain information about the characteristics that can lead to a framework of certain diseases. Thus, women in postmenopausal period experience significant variations in the body composition and fat distribution. Objective: To develop an equation to estimation of the body fat percentage in women with osteopenia / osteoporosis based on anthropometric measurements easily obtainable. Methods: The sample consisted of 74 women participating in the study group of the Physical Exercise Program for Osteoporosis Federal Technological University of Paraná, all in postmenopausal period and with osteopenia or osteoporosis. It evaluated body composition and bone mineral density by absorptiometry Radiological Dual Energy (DXA), anthropometry and body circumferences (waist, abdomen and hips), and nutritional status by the Body Mass Index (BMI) as the World Health Organization classification. Results: The sample can be characterized by the following average data: age of 59.32 ± 6.96, 27.14 ± 3 BMI 90, Waist Hip Ratio of 0.85 ± 0.08 and Body fat percentage 40.35 ± 4.04. The proposed equation was Body Fat Percentage (BFP) = 14,419 + (0.405 x BMI) + (0.147 x HC) using only two predictor variables, BMI and hip circumference (PQ). Conclusion: The standard error of estimate of the proposed equation was 2.89 (R2 = 0.501) can be considered low average values for the percentage of fat in this population, suggesting that the equation can be used to estimate the percentage of body fat in postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Dimensions and Bone Quality in International Male Beach Handball Players: Junior vs. Senior Comparison

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1817
Author(s):  
Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez ◽  
Javier Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
Manuel Vicente-Martínez ◽  
María Martínez-Olcina ◽  
Laura Miralles-Amorós ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sand Surface ◽  
Arm Span

Background: Beach handball is a recent team sport characterized by defensive and offensive actions on a sand surface. Scientific evidence has shown that body composition is fundamental in sports performance. The main objective of this study was to know the body composition, anthropometric characteristics, and bone mineral density of elite beach handball players. Furthermore, another purpose was to analyze the differences between categories (junior and senior) and playing position. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study of 36 male players (18 juniors and 18 seniors) of the Spanish National Beach Handball Team was conducted. Full profile anthropometry and calcaneal ultrasound measurements were used. Results: Significant differences between categories (p < 0.05) were found in: height, body mass, arm span, BMI, muscle mass, fat mass, bone mass, skinfolds, and body perimeters. The somatotype changes depending on the playing position. Bone mineral density of the players was adequate. No significant differences were found by playing position. Conclusions: Senior players had a better body composition due to the presence of less fat mass than junior players. This study provides reference values of elite junior and senior beach handball players and by playing positions. This data is useful for the identification of talents and players who should be trained to improve their body composition.

scholarly journals Stiffness Control of Balance During Quiet Standing and Dual Task in Older Adults: The MOBILIZE Boston Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 3510-3517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Gu Kang ◽  
Lewis A. Lipsitz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Boston Study

Distractions affect postural control, but this mechanism is not well understood. Diversion of resources during cognitive stress may lead to decreased motor drive and postural muscle tone. This may appear as decreased postural stiffness and increased postural sway amplitude. We hypothesized that dual tasking leads to decreased stiffness and increased sway amplitude. Postural sway (center of pressure; COP) data were used from 724 participants aged 77.9 ± 5.3 yr, a representative sample of community-dwelling older adults, the MOBILIZE Boston Study cohort. Subjects stood barefoot with eyes open for 30 s per trial on a force plate. Five trials were performed each with and without a serial subtractions-by-3 task. Sway data were fit to a damped oscillator inverted pendulum model. Amplitudes (COP and center of mass), mechanical stiffness, and damping of the sway behavior were determined. Sway amplitudes and damping increased with the dual task ( P < 0.001); stiffness decreased only mediolaterally ( P < 0.001). Those with difficulty doing the dual task exhibited larger sway and less damping mediolaterally ( P ≤ 0.001) and an increased stiffness with dual task anteroposteriorly (interaction P = 0.004). Dual task could still independently explain increases in sway ( P < 0.001) after accounting for stiffness changes. Thus the hypothesis was supported only in mediolateral sway. The simple model helped to explain the dual task related increase of sway only mediolaterally. It also elucidated the differential influence of cognitive function on the mechanics of anteroposterior and mediolateral sway behaviors. Dual task may divert the resources necessary for mediolateral postural control, thus leading to falls.

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