Beech wood modification based on in situ esterification with sorbitol and citric acid

In wheat leaf discs the evolution of 14CO2 from exogenously supplied 14C-labelled citric acid cycle intermediates was stimulated during the in situ anaerobic reduction of nitrate in the dark. Under these conditions, however, [1,4-14C]succinate was not metabolized. Similarly, when leaves were allowed to assimilate 14CO2 in the dark, thus producing endogenously labelled organic acids, the subsequent evolution of 14CO2 from discs prepared from these leaves was strongly dependent on nitrate reduction. A 1 : 1 stoichiometry between nitrite production and CO2 evolution was recorded during this in situ reduction of nitrate. The in situ reduction of nitrate was inhibited by malonate and D-malate and this effect was reversed by fumarate, probably by generating L-malate within the mitochondria. Mitochondrial NAD-malic enzyme (decarboxylating) (EC 1.1.1.38) was similarly inhibited competitively by malonate and D-malate, but not by succinate. These results indicate that the citric acid cycle dehydrogenases which generate CO2 supply NADH for nitrate reduction in wheat leaves. It is likely that, under anaerobic conditions, nitrate acts as an alternative oxidant to O2 for the NADH generated by the citric acid cycle dehydrogenases resulting in simultaneous evolution of CO2. This ensures that the citric acid cycle operates at the required rate for nitrate assimilation.

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Rapid In Situ Esterification Method for the Determination of Benzoic Acid in Dairy Milk by GC-FID

Food Analytical Methods ◽

10.1007/s12161-014-0024-3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 1477-1483 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sana Jawaid ◽

Farah N. Talpur ◽

Shafi M. Nizamani ◽

Nusrat N. Memon ◽

Hassan Imran Afridi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Benzoic Acid ◽

In Situ Esterification ◽

Dairy Milk

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THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF KERATOHYALIN GRANULES OF THE EPIDERMIS

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.47.3.593 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 593-603 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

A. Gedeon Matoltsy ◽

Margit N. Matoltsy

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Column Chromatography ◽

Chemical Nature ◽

Newborn Rats ◽

Amorphous Precursor ◽

Native Form ◽

Cell Content

Keratohyalin granules were isolated in the native form from the epidermis of newborn rats by the use of citric acid and a detergent. The isolated granules revealed a fine granular substructure in the electron microscope similar to that seen in situ. Analyses of amino acids by automated column-chromatography showed that proline and cystine are present in large proportions whereas histidine is present in a small amount. Accordingly, it was concluded that keratohyalin represents a sulfur-rich amorphous precursor of the horny cell content, rather than a sulfur-poor side product of the keratinization process, or a unique histidine-rich protein as proposed by in situ histochemical and radioautographic studies.

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Low Temperature Direct Cu-Cu Immersion Bonding for 3D Integration

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-1156-d08-02-f06-02 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1156 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rahul Agarwal ◽

Wouter Ruythooren

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Bonding Temperature ◽

Atmospheric Condition ◽

High Strength ◽

Bonding Process ◽

3D Integration ◽

Temperature And Pressure ◽

Low Temperature Bonding

AbstractHigh yielding and high strength Cu-Cu thermo-compression bonds have been obtained at temperatures as low as 175°C. Plated Cu bumps are used for bonding, without any surface planarization step or plasma treatment, and bonding is performed at atmospheric condition. In this work the 25μm diameter bumps are used at a bump pitch of 100μm and 40μm. Low temperature bonding is achieved by using immersion bonding in citric acid. Citric acid provides in-situ cleaning of the Cu surface during the bonding process. The daisy chain electrical bonding yield ranges from 84%-100% depending on the bonding temperature and pressure.

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