scholarly journals Lower Vibrio spp. abundances in Zostera marina leaf canopies suggest a novel ecosystem function for temperate seagrass beds

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten B. H. Reusch ◽  
Philipp R. Schubert ◽  
Silke-Mareike Marten ◽  
Diana Gill ◽  
Rolf Karez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Novel Ecosystem ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Societal Relevance ◽  
Counting Data ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
Angiosperm Species

AbstractSeagrasses, a polyphyletic group of about 60 marine angiosperm species, are the foundation of diverse and functionally important marine habitats along sheltered sedimentary coasts. As a novel ecological function with high societal relevance, a role of the seagrass leaf canopy for reducing potentially harmful bacteria has recently been hypothesized in tropical regions, but data for temperate regions are lacking. Here, we tested whether or not the abundance of general bacteria and more specifically, those belonging to the genus Vibrio were reduced within temperate Zostera marina (eelgrass) meadows compared to adjacent sand flats and sampled 5 sites in the south-western Baltic Sea using SCUBA. Compared to non-vegetated area, we found an average reduction of 39% for all Vibrio and 63% for the potentially harmful V. vulnificus/cholerae subtype based on robust plate counting data on Vibrio selective agar. The underlying mechanism of the reduction in bacterial load is currently elusive and clearly merits further study. Our results underline the critical importance of seagrasses in maintaining shallow water ecosystem functioning including water quality and provide further motivation for their protection and restoration.

scholarly journals Lower Vibrio spp. abundances in Zostera marina leaf canopies suggest a novel ecosystem function for temperate seagrass beds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten B.H. Reusch ◽  
Philipp R. Schubert ◽  
Silke-Mareike Marten ◽  
Diana Gill ◽  
Rolf Karez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Novel Ecosystem ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Societal Relevance ◽  
Counting Data ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
Angiosperm Species ◽  
Sand Flats

Seagrasses, a polyphyletic group of about 60 marine angiosperm species, are the foundation of diverse and functionally important marine habitats along sheltered sedimentary coasts. As a novel ecological function with high societal relevance, a role of the leaf canopy for reducing potentially harmful bacteria has recently been hypothesized. Accordingly, we tested whether or not the abundance of general bacteria and more specifically, those belonging to the genus Vibrio were reduced within temperate Zostera marina (eelgrass) meadows compared to adjacent sand flats and sampled 5 sites in the south-western Baltic Sea using SCUBA. Compared to non-vegetated area, we found an average reduction of 39% for all Vibrio and 63% for the potentially harmful V. vulnificus/cholerae subtype based on robust plate counting data on Vibrio selective agar. The underlying mechanism is currently elusive and clearly merits further study. Our results underline the critical importance of seagrasses in maintaining shallow water ecosystem functioning including water quality and provide further motivation for their protection and restoration.

scholarly journals Evidence for medieval salt-making by burning Eel-grass (Zostera marina L.) in the Netherlands

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. van Geel ◽  
G.J. Borger
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Salt Production ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Peat Deposits

AbstractFrom the 8th/9th centuries onwards the former peat land area in the northwestern part of the Netherlands was drained and reclaimed. Drainage, peat digging and marine erosion of peat deposits created an extension of shallow marine habitats into which Zostera marina (Eel-grass) expanded. Modern publications do not note the use of Eel-grass as starting material for salt-making. Archaeological evidence, however, indicates salt-making activities by using Zostera in medieval times. We postulate that, after salt-containing peat had become difficult to obtain, Eel-grass was used for salt production.

scholarly journals Spatial probability modelling of eelgrass (Zostera marina) distribution on the west coast of Norway

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1093-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trine Bekkby ◽  
Eli Rinde ◽  
Lars Erikstad ◽  
Vegar Bakkestuen ◽  
Oddvar Longva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Probability Models ◽  
The West ◽  
Spatial Probability ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Predictive Probability ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Probability Modelling

Abstract Bekkby, T., Rinde, E., Erikstad, L., Bakkestuen, V., Longva, O., Christensen, O., Isæus, M., and Isachsen, P. E. 2008. Spatial probability modelling of eelgrass (Zostera marina) distribution on the west coast of Norway. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1093–1101. Based on modelled and measured geophysical variables and presence/absence data of eelgrass Zostera marina, we developed a spatial predictive probability model for Z. marina. Our analyses confirm previous reports and show that the probability of finding Z. marina is at its highest in shallow, gently sloping, and sheltered areas. We integrated the empirical knowledge from field samples in GIS and developed a model-based map of the probability of finding Z. marina using the model-selection approach Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and the spatial probability modelling extension GRASP in S-Plus. Spatial predictive probability models contribute to a better understanding of the factors and processes structuring the distribution of marine habitats. Additionally, such models provide a useful tool for management and research, because they are quantitative and defined objectively, extrapolate knowledge from sampled to unsurveyed areas, and result in a probability map that is easy to understand and disseminate to stakeholders.

scholarly journals TREM-1 Is Upregulated in Experimental Periodontitis, and Its Blockade Inhibits IL-17A and RANKL Expression and Suppresses Bone loss

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagihan Bostanci ◽  
Toshiharu Abe ◽  
Georgios N. Belibasakis ◽  
George Hajishengallis
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Receptor Activator ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Experimental Periodontitis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Aim: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a modifier of local and systemic inflammation. There is clinical evidence implicating TREM-1 in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. However, a cause-and-effect relationship has yet to be demonstrated, as is the underlying mechanism. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of TREM-1 using the murine ligature-induced periodontitis model. Methods: A synthetic antagonistic LP17 peptide or sham control was microinjected locally into the palatal gingiva of the ligated molar teeth. Results: Mice treated with the LP17 inhibitor developed significantly less bone loss as compared to sham-treated mice, although there were no differences in total bacterial load on the ligatures. To elucidate the impact of LP17 on the host response, we analyzed the expression of a number of immune-modulating genes. The LP17 peptide altered the expression of 27/92 genes ≥ two-fold, but only interleukin (IL)-17A was significantly downregulated (4.9-fold). Importantly, LP17 also significantly downregulated the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B-ligand (RANKL) to osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio that drives osteoclastic bone resorption in periodontitis. Conclusion: Our findings show for the first time that TREM-1 regulates the IL-17A-RANKL/OPG axis and bone loss in experimental periodontitis, and its therapeutic blockade may pave the way to a novel treatment for human periodontitis.

An underlying mechanism of qE deficiency in marine angiosperm Zostera marina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Quan Sheng Zhang ◽  
Ying Tan ◽  
Zhe Liu ◽  
Ming Yu Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Marine Angiosperm

scholarly journals Signals of recent tropical radiations in Cunoniaceae, an iconic family for understanding Southern Hemisphere biogeography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo A. Segovia ◽  
Andy R. Griffiths ◽  
Diego Arenas ◽  
A. A. Piyali Dias ◽  
Kyle G. Dexter
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Angiosperm Diversification ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Recent Species ◽  
Angiosperm Species ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractExtratropical angiosperm diversity is thought to have arisen from lineages that originated in the more diverse tropics, but studies of dispersal between tropical and extratropical environments and their consequences for diversification are rare. In order to understand the evolutionary effects of shifts between the tropics and extratropics, defined here as areas that do versus do not regularly experience freezing temperatures, we studied the biogeographic history and associated diversification patterns of Cunoniaceae. We mapped the distribution of all species in the family and combined this with a newly constructed phylogeny for the family. The family shows a long evolutionary association with both tropical and extratropical environments, the tropics house considerably greater species richness of Cunoniaceae. Indeed, both tropical and extratropical environments appear to have had a similar number of lineages until 12 Ma, after which time the number of lineages in tropical areas increased at a faster rate. In addition, community phylogenetic approaches show that tropical regions have markedly less phylogenetic diversity than expected given their species richness, which is further suggestive of recent species radiations in tropical areas. The Cunoniaceae show an atypical pattern for angiosperms of frequent shifts between tropical and extratropical environments, but despite this, shows a more conventional pattern of higher, although recent, diversification rates in the tropics. Our results support the idea that high angiosperm species richness in the tropics may result from the tropics acting as a cradle of recent angiosperm diversification.

Face Inversion Effect Emerges Under Critical Configural Discrepancy

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jisien Yang ◽  
Adrian Schwaninger
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Inversion Effect ◽  
Configural Processing ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Face Inversion Effect ◽  
Configural Information ◽  
Face Inversion ◽  
The Face

Configural processing has been considered the major contributor to the face inversion effect (FIE) in face recognition. However, most researchers have only obtained the FIE with one specific ratio of configural alteration. It remains unclear whether the ratio of configural alteration itself can mediate the occurrence of the FIE. We aimed to clarify this issue by manipulating the configural information parametrically using six different ratios, ranging from 4% to 24%. Participants were asked to judge whether a pair of faces were entirely identical or different. The paired faces that were to be compared were presented either simultaneously (Experiment 1) or sequentially (Experiment 2). Both experiments revealed that the FIE was observed only when the ratio of configural alteration was in the intermediate range. These results indicate that even though the FIE has been frequently adopted as an index to examine the underlying mechanism of face processing, the emergence of the FIE is not robust with any configural alteration but dependent on the ratio of configural alteration.

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