Involvement of a putative response regulator Brrg-1 in the regulation of sporulation, sensitivity to fungicides, and osmotic stress in Botrytis cinerea

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leiyan Yan ◽  
Qianqian Yang ◽  
Jinhua Jiang ◽  
Themis J. Michailides ◽  
Zhonghua Ma
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Response Regulator

scholarly journals Deletion of the Bcnrps1 Gene Increases the Pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea and Reduces Its Tolerance to the Exogenous Toxic Substances Spermidine and Pyrimethanil

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Ana Fernández-Morales ◽  
María Carbú ◽  
Victoria González-Rodríguez ◽  
Sokratis Papaspyrou ◽  
Carlos Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Gene Deletion ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

During the infection of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) by the fungus Botrytis cinerea, the concentration of polyamines, which are toxic substances for the phytopathogen, increases in the grape. Nine NRPS genes have been identified in the genome of B. cinerea, yet the function of five of them remains unknown. For this reason, we have studied the expression of the 9 NRPS genes by RT-qPCR in a medium supplemented with sublethal concentrations of three polyamines (1,3-diaminopropane (1,3-DAP), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM)). Our results show that the presence of polyamines in the culture medium triggered the overexpression of the Bcnrps1 gene in the pathogen. Deleting Bcnrps1 did not affect mycelial growth or adaptation to osmotic stress, and we show that its expression is not essential for the cycle of infection of the B. cinerea. However, mutating the Bcnrps1 gene resulted in overexpression of the Bcnrps6 gene, which encodes for the excretion of siderophores of the coprogen family. Moreover, gene deletion has reduced the tolerance of B. cinerea B05.10 to toxic substances such as the polyamine SPD and the fungicide pyrimethanil, and its virulence has increased. Our findings provide new insights into the function of the Bcnrps1 gene and its involvement in the tolerance of B. cinerea against exogenous toxic compounds.

scholarly journals Diversified Regulation of Cytokinin Levels and Signaling During Botrytis cinerea Infection in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beibei Li ◽  
Ruolin Wang ◽  
Shiya Wang ◽  
Jiang Zhang ◽  
Ling Chang
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Cytokinin Oxidase ◽  
Plant Defense Responses ◽  
Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Complex Regulation

Cytokinins (CKs) can modulate plant immunity to various pathogens, but how CKs are involved in plant defense responses to the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea is still unknown. Here, we found that B. cinerea infection induced transcriptional changes in multiple genes involved in the biosynthesis, degradation, and signaling of CKs, as well as their contents, in pathogen-infected Arabidopsis leaves. Among the CKs, the gene expression of CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE 5 (CKX5) was remarkably induced in the local infected leaves and the distant leaves of the same plant without pathogen inoculation. Cis-zeatin (cZ) and its riboside (cZR) accumulated considerably in infected leaves, suggesting an important role of the cis-zeatin type of CKs in the plant response to B. cinerea. Cytokinin double-receptor mutants were more susceptible to B. cinerea infection, whereas an exogenous CK treatment enhanced the expression levels of defense-related genes and of jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET), but not salicylic acid (SA), resulting in higher resistance of Arabidopsis to B. cinerea. Investigation of CK responses to B. cinerea infection in the JA biosynthesis mutant, jar1-1, and ET-insensitive mutant, ein2-1, showed that CK signaling and levels of CKs, namely, those of isopentenyladenine (iP), isopentenyladenine riboside (iPR), and trans-zeatin (tZ), were enhanced in jar1-1-infected leaves. By contrast, reductions in iP, iPR, tZ, and tZ riboside (tZR) as well as cZR contents occurred in ein2-1-infected leaves, whose transcript levels of CK signaling genes were likewise differentially regulated. The Arabidopsis Response Regulator 5 (ARR5) gene was upregulated in infected leaves of ein2-1 whereas another type-A response regulator, ARR16, was significantly downregulated, suggesting the existence of a complex regulation of CK signaling via the ET pathway. Accumulation of the cis-zeatin type of CKs in B. cinerea-infected leaves depended on ET but not JA pathways. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that CK responds to B. cinerea infection in a variety of ways that are differently modulated by JA and ET pathways in Arabidopsis.

scholarly journals The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase BcSak1 of Botrytis cinerea Is Required for Pathogenic Development and Has Broad Regulatory Functions Beyond Stress Response

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 802-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Heller ◽  
Nadja Ruhnke ◽  
José Juan Espino ◽  
Michelli Massaroli ◽  
Isidro Gonzalez Collado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) BcSak1 of Botrytis cinerea is activated upon exposure to H2O2 and, hence, might be involved in coping with oxidative stress during infection. However, beside osmotic and oxidative stress sensitivity, Δbcsak1 mutants have a pleiotropic phenotype, as they do not produce conidia and are unable to penetrate unwounded host tissue. In this study, the role of BcSak1 was investigated in the stress response and during infection of French beans by Botrytis cinerea. Using a macroarray approach, it was shown that BcSak1 is only marginally involved in the specific oxidative stress response. In fact, the induction of several genes after oxidative stress treatment is BcSak1-dependent, but most of these genes are also induced under conditions of osmotic stress. The majority of genes regulated by BcSak1 are not involved in the stress response at all. Using a translational fusion of BcSak1 to green fluorescent protein, it was shown clearly that the localization of this MAPK depends on the type of stress being applied; it associates rapidly to the nucleus only under osmotic stress. Therefore, a model is proposed in which BcSak1 acts in the cytosol by activation of one or more transcription factors under oxidative stress and, at the same time, it reacts to osmotic stress by migrating to the nucleus. Interestingly, the MAPK is also involved in the regulation of secondary metabolism, as the major phytotoxins secreted by this fungus are reduced in the Δbcsak1 deletion mutant. Experiments done in planta underlined the essential role of BcSak1 in the early stages of infection, when it translocates to the nucleus and then changes to cytosolic distribution during hyphal growth within the tissue.

scholarly journals Pepper Novel Pseudo Response Regulator Protein CaPRR2 Modulates Drought and High Salt Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junsub Lim ◽  
Chae Woo Lim ◽  
Sung Chul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Osmotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Regulator Protein ◽  
Pseudo Response Regulator ◽  
Response Regulator Protein ◽  
Pepper Plants

Plants modify their internal states to adapt to environmental stresses. Under environmental stress conditions, plants restrict their growth and development and activate defense responses. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a major phytohormone that plays a crucial role in the osmotic stress response. In osmotic stress adaptation, plants regulate stomatal closure, osmoprotectant production, and gene expression. Here, we isolated CaPRR2 – encoding a pseudo response regulator protein – from the leaves of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum). After exposure to ABA and environmental stresses, such as drought and salt stresses, CaPRR2 expression in pepper leaves was significantly altered. Under drought and salt stress conditions, CaPRR2-silenced pepper plants exhibited enhanced osmotic stress tolerance, characterized by an enhanced ABA-induced stomatal closing and high MDA and proline contents, compared to the control pepper plants. Taken together, our data indicate that CaPRR2 negatively regulates osmotic stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Osmotic stress-induced polyamine oxidation mediates defence responses and reduces stress-enhanced grapevine susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saloua Hatmi ◽  
Patricia Trotel-Aziz ◽  
Sandra Villaume ◽  
Michel Couderchet ◽  
Christophe Clément ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Polyamine Oxidation

scholarly journals Unraveling the Function of the Response Regulator BcSkn7 in the Stress Signaling Network of Botrytis cinerea

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 636-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Viefhues ◽  
Ina Schlathoelter ◽  
Adeline Simon ◽  
Muriel Viaud ◽  
Paul Tudzynski
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Direct Binding ◽  
Stress Analyses

ABSTRACTImportant for the lifestyle and survival of every organism is the ability to respond to changing environmental conditions. The necrotrophic plant pathogenBotrytis cinereatriggers an oxidative burst in the course of plant infection and therefore needs efficient signal transduction to cope with this stress. The factors involved in this process and their precise roles are still not well known. Here, we show that the transcription factor Bap1 and the response regulator (RR)B. cinereaSkn7 (BcSkn7) are two key players in the oxidative stress response (OSR) ofB. cinerea; both have a major influence on the regulation of classical OSR genes. A yeast-one-hybrid (Y1H) approach proved direct binding to the promoters ofgsh1andgrx1by Bap1 and ofglr1by BcSkn7. While the function of Bap1 is restricted to the regulation of oxidative stress, analyses of Δbcskn7mutants revealed functions beyond the OSR. Involvement of BcSkn7 in development and virulence could be demonstrated, indicated by reduced vegetative growth, impaired formation of reproductive structures, and reduced infection cushion-mediated penetration of the host by the mutants. Furthermore, Δbcskn7mutants were highly sensitive to oxidative, osmotic, and cell wall stress. Analyses of Δbap1 bcskn7double mutants indicated that loss of BcSkn7 uncovers an underlying phenotype of Bap1. In contrast toSaccharomyces cerevisiae, the ortholog of the glutathione peroxidase Gpx3p is not required for nuclear translocation of Bap1. The presented results contribute to the understanding of the OSR inB. cinereaand prove that it differs substantially from that of yeast, demonstrating the complexity and versatility of components involved in signaling pathways.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document