Quantifying in vivo scaphoid, lunate, and capitate kinematics using four-dimensional computed tomography

Abstract Objective We aimed to establish a quantitative description of motion patterns and establish test-retest reliability of the four-dimensional CT when quantifying in vivo kinematics of the scaphoid, lunate, and capitate. Materials and methods We assessed in vivo kinematics of both wrists of 20 healthy volunteers (11 men and 9 women) between the ages of 20 and 40 years. All volunteers performed active flexion-extension and radial-ulnar deviation with both wrists. To test for reliability, one motion cycle was rescanned for both wrists approximately 15 min after the first scan. The coefficient of multiple correlation was used to analyze reliability. When two motion patterns are similar, the coefficient of multiple correlation tends towards 1, whereas in dissimilar motion patterns, it tends towards 0. The root mean square deviation was used to analyze the total motion patterns variability between the two scans. Results Overall, mean or median coefficient of multiple correlations were higher than 0.86. The root mean square deviations were low and ranged from 1.17° to 4.29°. Conclusion This innovative non-invasive imaging technique can reliably describe in vivo carpal kinematics of uninjured wrists in healthy individuals. It provides us with a better understanding and reference values of carpal kinematics of the scaphoid, lunate, and capitate.

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Reproducibility of Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography Measurements at the Radius and Tibia in Healthy Pre- and Postmenopausal Women

Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal ◽

10.1016/j.carj.2010.04.011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 183-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Kristina A. Szabo ◽

Colin E. Webber ◽

Christopher Gordon ◽

Jonathan D. Adachi ◽

Richard Tozer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Root Mean Square ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽

Distal Tibia ◽

Mean Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Mean

Purpose The objectives of this study were to utilise the XCT-2000 pQCT scanner to determine the mean values and the reproducibility of in vivo total, trabecular, and cortical volumetric bone measurements at distal and diaphyseal sites of the radius and the tibia, as well as calf muscle and subcutaneous fat areas, in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women. Methods Twenty-nine women (14 premenopausal and 15 postmenopausal) were recruited to participate in this study. Distal and diaphyseal sites of the radius (at 4% and 20% of the length of the radius) and tibia (at 4%, 38%, and 66% of the length of the tibia) were examined. Results The root mean square coefficient of variation for measurements at the distal tibia gave the most favorable reproducibility values for total (1.5%) and trabecular (1.6%) density, whereas the diaphyseal tibia showed the most favorable reproducibility value for cortical density (0.3%). The root mean square coefficients of variation for measurements of muscle and fat cross-sectional areas at the calf were 0.6% and 0.7%, respectively. At the distal tibia, the mean values for total ( P < .05) and trabecular ( P < .01) density were significantly lower in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. Conclusions The data presented here indicate that XCT-2000 pQCT scans at the tibia provide highly reproducible measurements of total, cortical, and trabecular bone as well as muscle and fat cross-sectional areas. Furthermore, significant differences in volumetric bone measurements between healthy pre- and postmenopausal women were evident only at the distal tibia, suggesting that this site warrants further study.

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Identifying the Functional Flexion-extension Axis of the Knee: An In-Vivo Kinematics Study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0128877 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. e0128877 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Li Yin ◽

Kaining Chen ◽

Lin Guo ◽

Liangjun Cheng ◽

Fuyou Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Vivo Kinematics ◽

Flexion Extension ◽

Extension Axis

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Kinematic Accuracy of Three Surface Registration Methods in a Three-Dimensional Wrist Bone Study

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.1289992 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 122 (5) ◽

pp. 528-533 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

C. P. Neu ◽

R. D. McGovern ◽

J. J. Crisco

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Surface Registration ◽

Carpal Bone ◽

Registration Method ◽

Kinematic Accuracy ◽

In Vivo Kinematics ◽

Metacarpal Bones ◽

Carpal Kinematics ◽

Translation Errors

The use of registration techniques to determine motion transformations noninvasively has become more widespread with the increased availability of the necessary software. In this study, three surface registration techniques were used to generate carpal bone kinematic results from a single cadaveric wrist specimen. Surface contours were extracted from specimen computed tomography volume images of the forearm, carpal, and metacarpal bones in four arbitrary positions. Kinematic results from each of three registration techniques were compared with results derived from multiple spherical markers fixed to the specimen. Kinematic accuracy was found to depend on the registration method and bone size and shape. In general, rotation errors of the capitate and scaphoid were less than 0.5 deg for all three techniques. Rotation errors for the other bones were generally less than 2 deg, although error for the trapezoid was greater than 2 deg in one technique. Translation errors of the bones were generally less than 1 mm, although errors of the trapezoid and trapezium were greater than 1 mm for two techniques. Tradeoffs existed in each registration method between image processing time and overall kinematic accuracy. Markerless bone registration (MBR) can provide accurate measurements of carpal kinematics and can be used to study the noninvasive, three-dimensional in vivo kinematics of the wrist and other skeletal joints. [S0148-0731(00)01105-5]

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The Influence of Heat Input on the Surface Quality of Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112110201 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (21) ◽

pp. 10201

Author(s):

Jiayi Zeng ◽

Wenzhong Nie ◽

Xiaoxuan Li

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Root Mean Square ◽

Surface Quality ◽

Heat Input ◽

Quantitative Description ◽

Mean Square ◽

Profile Model ◽

The Ideal

Wire and arc additive manufacturing has unique process characteristics, which make it have great potential in many fields, but the large amount of heat input brought by this feature limits its practical application. The influence of heat input on the performance of parts has been extensively studied, but the quantitative description of the influence of heat input on the surface quality of parts by wire and arc additive manufacturing has not received enough attention. According to different heat input, select the appropriate process parameters for wire and arc additive manufacturing, reversely shape the profile model, select the appropriate function model to establish the ideal profile model according to the principle of minimum error, and compare the two models to analyze the effect of heat input on the surface quality of the parts manufactured by wire and arc additive manufacturing. The results show that, when the heat input is high or low, the standard deviation value and the root mean square value reach 1.908 and 1.963, respectively. The actual profile is larger than the ideal profile. When the heat input is moderate, the standard deviation value and the root mean square value are only 1.634 and 1.713, respectively, and the actual contour is in good agreement with the ideal contour. Combined with the analysis of the transverse and longitudinal sections, it is shown that the heat input has a high degree of influence on the surface quality of the specimen manufactured by wire and arc additive manufacturing, and higher or lower heat input is disadvantageous to it.

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Enhancement of muscle’s activity by woven compression bandage

Industria Textila ◽

10.35530/it.072.04.1789 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 72 (04) ◽

pp. 408-417

Author(s):

ABDELHAMID R.R. ABOALASAAD ◽

BRIGITA K. SIRKOVÁ ◽

GOZDE GONCU-BERK

Keyword(s):

Electrical Activity ◽

Root Mean Square ◽

Main Tool ◽

Medial Gastrocnemius ◽

Median Frequency ◽

Compression Bandage ◽

Mean Square ◽

Electrical Voltage ◽

Flexion Extension ◽

Calf Muscles

Electromyography (EMG) test, the recording of electrical activity in muscle, is a main tool usually used to evaluate themuscle’s activation. This study aims to discuss and analyse the effect of woven compression bandage (WCB) onmuscles’ activation. Flexor Carpi (FC), Soleus (SO), and Medial Gastrocnemius (MG) muscles were selected torepresent the wrist, ankle, and mid-calf muscles respectively, which were then evaluated by EMG electrical voltage testwith and without wearing WCB. The standardized activities used to test the FC muscle were flexion-extension andsqueezing a soft roll. While the protocol activities for MG and SO muscles were flexion-extension and walking actions.Wearing WCB significantly decreased the muscle’s activation and was associated with higher median frequency for bothSO and MG muscles during the tested activities. The EMG signals were analysed and filtered using MegaWin andMATLAB software. Root mean square (RMS) values confirmed that wearing WCB could improve the performance of FC,SO, and MG muscles and might reduce the muscle’s fatigue during the selected activities.

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Does Wrist Laxity Influence Three-Dimensional Carpal Bone Motion?

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4038897 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 140 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gordon M. Best ◽

Michelle L. Zec ◽

David R. Pichora ◽

Robin N. Kamal ◽

Michael J. Rainbow

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Carpal Bone ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Wrist Flexion ◽

Ulnar Deviation ◽

Column Type ◽

Flexion Extension ◽

Carpal Kinematics ◽

Carpal Mechanics

Previous two-dimensional (2D) studies have shown that there is a spectrum of carpal mechanics that varies between row-type motion and column-type motion as a function of wrist laxity. More recent three-dimensional (3D) studies have suggested instead that carpal bone motion is consistent across individuals. The purpose of this study was to use 3D methods to determine whether carpal kinematics differ between stiffer wrists and wrists with higher laxity. Wrist laxity was quantified using a goniometer in ten subjects by measuring passive wrist flexion–extension (FE) range of motion (ROM). In vivo kinematics of subjects' scaphoid and lunate with respect to the radius were computed from computed tomography (CT) volume images in wrist radial and ulnar deviation positions. Scaphoid and lunate motion was defined as “column-type” if the bones flexed and extended during wrist radial–ulnar deviation (RUD), and “row-type” if the bones radial–ulnar deviated during wrist RUD. We found that through wrist RUD, the scaphoid primarily flexed and extended, but the scaphoids of subjects with decreased laxity had a larger component of RUD (R2 = 0.48, P < 0.05). We also determined that the posture of the scaphoid in the neutral wrist position predicts wrist radial deviation (RD) ROM (R2 = 0.46, P < 0.05). These results suggest that ligament laxity plays a role in affecting carpal bone motion of the proximal row throughout radial and ulnar deviation motions; however, other factors such as bone position may also affect motion. By developing a better understanding of normal carpal kinematics and how they are affected, this will help physicians provide patient-specific approaches to different wrist pathologies.

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In vivo kinematics of deep lunges and sit-to-stand activities in patients with bicruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty

The Bone & Joint Journal ◽

10.1302/0301-620x.102b6.bjj-2019-1552.r2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 102-B (6_Supple_A) ◽

pp. 59-65

Author(s):

Young-Min Kwon ◽

Paul Arauz ◽

Yun Peng ◽

Christian Klemt

Keyword(s):

Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Cruciate Ligaments ◽

In Vivo Kinematics ◽

Contralateral Knee ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Flexion Extension ◽

Total Knee ◽

Bcr Tka

Aims The removal of the cruciate ligaments in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been suggested as a potential contributing factor to patient dissatisfaction, due to alteration of the in vivo biomechanics of the knee. Bicruciate retaining (BCR) TKA allows the preservation of the cruciate ligaments, thus offering the potential to reproduce healthy kinematics. The aim of this study was to compare in vivo kinematics between the operated and contralateral knee in patients who have undergone TKA with a contemporary BCR design. Methods A total of 29 patients who underwent unilateral BCR TKA were evaluated during single-leg deep lunges and sit-to-stand tests using a validated computer tomography and fluoroscopic imaging system. In vivo six-degrees of freedom (6DOF) kinematics were compared between the BCR TKA and the contralateral knee. Results During single-leg deep lunge, BCR TKAs showed significantly less mean posterior femoral translation (13 mm; standard deviation (SD) 4) during terminal flexion, compared with the contralateral knee (16.6 mm, SD 3.7; p = 0.001). Similarly, BCR TKAs showed significantly less mean femoral rollback (11.6 mm (SD 4.5) vs 14.4 mm (SD 4.6); p < 0.043) during sit-to-stand. BCR TKAs showed significantly reduced internal rotation during many parts of the strenuous flexion activities particularly during high-flexion lunge (4° (SD 5.6°) vs 6.5° (SD 6.1°); p = 0.051) and during sit-to-stand (4.5° (SD 6°) vs 6.9° (SD 6.3°); p = 0.048). Conclusion The contemporary design of BCR TKA showed asymmetrical flexion-extension and internal-external rotation, suggesting that the kinematics are not entirely reproduced during strenuous activities. Future studies are required to establish the importance of patient factors, component orientation and design, in optimizing kinematics in patients who undergo BCR TKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(6 Supple A):59–65.

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