scholarly journals Expansive Growth vs. pH Reflects a Poisson Point Process of Binding/Unbinding Events in Plant Cell Walls

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz A. Pietruszka
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Acid Growth ◽  
Hydronium Ions ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe paramount role of $$\mathrm{pH}$$ pH and temperature $$\left(T\right)$$ T in the expansive growth of a plant coleoptile/hypocotyl non-meristematic zone or plant and fungal cells was examined within the framework of the underlying chemical bond statistics in order to reproduce an experimental plot of growth vs. $$\mathrm{pH}$$ pH . Here, according to the definition, $$\mathrm{pH}=\mathrm{pH}\left({\mu }_{{\mathrm{H}}^{+}}\left(T\right), T\right)$$ pH = pH μ H + T , T is considered as a function of the chemical potential of the H+ (hydronium) ions ($${\mu }_{{\mathrm{H}}^{+}})$$ μ H + ) , as well as an implicit and explicit function of $$T$$ T . The derivation of the $$\mathrm{pH}$$ pH and $$T$$ T dependent expansive growth distribution from the Poisson statistics of the “tethers” that reproduce the chemical bonds between microfibrils was determined. The probability distribution for the attachment/detachment/reattachment events of the tethers that are connected to the microfibrils in the elongation zone was obtained. The two distinct but interrelated modes of the expansive growth, which are known as “acid growth” and “auxin growth” were distinguished in the analytic model, while the acid growth hypothesis was verified and confirmed at the semi-empirical and microscopic levels for the first time. Moreover, further perspectives, in which the macroscopic variables $$\left(P, V, T\right)$$ P , V , T with $$P$$ P standing for the turgor pressure and $$V$$ V for the cell volume, and the microscopic variables, $${E}^{{\varvec{d}},{\varvec{r}}}$$ E d , r , which represent the binding energies of the detachment/reattachment events at the expense of ATP energy, and $${\mu }_{{\mathrm{H}}^{+}}$$ μ H + can occur simultaneously, were identified. With a few assumptions that are partly based on experimental data it was possible to synthesise a link between the microscopic, explicit statistical explanation of bond dynamics and the macroscopic rheological properties of the cell wall at a given $$\mathrm{pH}$$ pH and temperature. A statistical description that predicted the importance of $$\mathrm{pH}$$ pH and temperature-dependent chemical potential of the H+ ions in microscopic events that result in growth would be supposedly applicable across scales.

scholarly journals Physical properties of iodate solutions and the deliquescence of crystalline I<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and HIO<sub>3</sub>

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 12251-12260 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kumar ◽  
R. W. Saunders ◽  
A. S. Mahajan ◽  
J. M.C. Plane ◽  
B. J. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Gas Phase Chemistry ◽  
Activity Density ◽  
Phase Chemistry ◽  
First Time ◽  
Measured Water ◽  
Complex Ion

Abstract. Secondary aerosol produced from marine biogenic sources in algal-rich coastal locations will initially be composed of iodine oxide species, most likely I2O5, or its hydrated form HIO3, formed as a result of iodine gas-phase chemistry. At present, there is no quantitative hygroscopic data for these compounds and very little data available for iodate solutions (HIO3 and I2O5 share a common aqueous phase). With increased interest in the role of such aerosol in the marine atmosphere, we have conducted studies of (i) the deliquescence behaviour of crystalline HIO3 and I2O5 at 273–303 K, (ii) the efflorescence behaviour of aqueous iodate solution droplets, and (iii) properties (water activity, density, and viscosity) of subsaturated and saturated iodate solutions. The deliquescence of I2O5 crystals at 293 K was observed to occur at a relative humidity (DRH) of 80.8±1.0%, whereas for HIO3, a DRH of 85.0±1.0% was measured. These values are consistent with measured water activity values for saturated I2O5 and HIO3 solutions at 293 K of 0.80±0.01 and 0.84±0.01 respectively. At all temperatures, DRH values for HIO3 crystals were observed to be higher than for those of I2O5. The temperature-dependent DRH data, along with solubility and water activity data were used to evaluate the enthalpy of solution (ΔHsol) for HIO3 and I2O5. A ΔHsol value of 8.3±0.7 kJ mol−1 was determined for HIO3 which is consistent with a literature value of 8.8 kJ mol−1. For I2O5, we report for the first time its solubility at various temperatures and ΔHsol = 12.4±0.6 kJ mol−1. The measured water activity values confirm that aqueous iodate solutions are strongly non-ideal, consistent with previous reports of complex ion formation and molecular aggregation.

scholarly journals Role of Temperature Dependent Chemical Potential on Thermoelectric Power

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsunehiro Takeuchi ◽  
Yasuhiro Toyama ◽  
Akio Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Thermoelectric Power ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Temperature Dependent

scholarly journals Physical properties of iodate solutions and the deliquescence of crystalline I<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and HIO<sub>3</sub>

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 20823-20856 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kumar ◽  
R. W. Saunders ◽  
A. S. Mahajan ◽  
J. M. C. Plane ◽  
B. J. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Gas Phase Chemistry ◽  
Activity Density ◽  
Phase Chemistry ◽  
First Time ◽  
Measured Water ◽  
Complex Ion

Abstract. Secondary aerosol produced from marine biogenic sources in algal-rich coastal locations will initially be composed of iodine oxide species, most likely I2O5, or its hydrated form HIO3, formed as a result of iodine gas-phase chemistry. At present, there is no quantitative hygroscopic data for these compounds and very little data available for iodate solutions (HIO3 and I2O5 share a common aqueous phase). With increased interest in the role of such aerosol in the marine atmosphere, we have conducted studies of (i) the deliquescence behaviour of crystalline HIO3 and I2O5 at 273–303 K, (ii) the efflorescence behaviour of aqueous iodate solution droplets, and (iii) properties (water activity, density, and viscosity) of subsaturated and saturated iodate solutions. The deliquescence of I2O5 crystals at 293 K was observed to occur at a relative humidity (DRH) of 80.8±1.0%, whereas for HIO3, a DRH of 85.0±1.0% was measured. These values are consistent with measured water activity values for saturated I2O5 and HIO3 solutions at 293 K of 0.80±0.01 and 0.84±0.01 respectively. At all temperatures, DRH values for HIO3 crystals were observed to be higher than for those of I2O5. The temperature-dependent DRH data, along with solubility and water activity data were used to evaluate the enthalpy of solution (ΔHsol) for HIO3 and I2O5. A (ΔHsol value of 8.3±0.7 kJ mol−1 was determined for HIO3 which is consistent with a literature value of 8.8 kJ mol−1. For I2O5, we report for the first time its solubility at various temperatures and (ΔHsol=12.4±.6 kJ mol−1. The measured water activity values confirm that aqueous iodate solutions are strongly non-ideal, consistent with previous reports of complex ion formation and molecular aggregation.

Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica W. Y. Liu ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Roberts ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

Synergetic Theory of Document in Evolution of Document Science

2018 ◽  
pp. 1060-1068
Author(s):  
Galina A. Dvoenosova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Universal Theory ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Social Goal ◽  
The Social ◽  
Synergetic Theory ◽  
First Time

The article assesses synergetic theory of document as a new development in document science. In information society the social role of document grows, as information involves all members of society in the process of documentation. The transformation of document under the influence of modern information technologies increases its interest to representatives of different sciences. Interdisciplinary nature of document as an object of research leads to an ambiguous interpretation of its nature and social role. The article expresses and contends the author's views on this issue. In her opinion, social role of document is incidental to its being a main social tool regulating the life of civilized society. Thus, the study aims to create a scientific theory of document, explaining its nature and social role as a tool of social (goal-oriented) action and social self-organization. Substantiation of this idea is based on application of synergetics (i.e., universal theory of self-organization) to scientific study of document. In the synergetic paradigm, social and historical development is seen as the change of phases of chaos and order, and document is considered a main tool that regulates social relations. Unlike other theories of document, synergetic theory studies document not as a carrier and means of information transfer, but as a unique social phenomenon and universal social tool. For the first time, the study of document steps out of traditional frameworks of office, archive, and library. The document is placed on the scales with society as a global social system with its functional subsystems of politics, economy, culture, and personality. For the first time, the methods of social sciences and modern sociological theories are applied to scientific study of document. This methodology provided a basis for theoretical vindication of nature and social role of document as a tool of social (goal-oriented) action and social self-organization. The study frames a synergetic theory of document with methodological foundations and basic concepts, synergetic model of document, laws of development and effectiveness of document in the social continuum. At the present stage of development of science, it can be considered the highest form of theoretical knowledge of document and its scientific explanatory theory.

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