Auxin and Cytokinin Alleviate Chromium-Induced Oxidative Stress in Nostoc muscorum and Anabaena sp. by Modulating Ascorbate–Glutathione Cycle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjesh Tiwari ◽  
Anuradha Patel ◽  
Sheo Mohan Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nostoc Muscorum ◽  
Anabaena Sp ◽  
Glutathione Cycle

scholarly journals Exogenous Phytohormones Modulates Cypermethrin Stress in Anabaena sp. and Nostoc Muscorum: Toxicity Alleviation by Up-regulation of Ascorbate-glutathione Cycle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santwana Tiwari ◽  
Sheo Mohan Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Control Level ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Nostoc Muscorum ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Anabaena Sp ◽  
Glutathione Cycle ◽  
Pcc 7120 ◽  
Oxidative Biomarkers

Abstract Present study demonstrated the effect of phytohormones KN and IAA under cypermethrin (Cyp1; 2 µg ml− 1 and Cyp2; 4 µg ml− 1) toxicity in two nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria Nostoc muscorum ATCC 27893 and Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 by investigating growth, exopolysaccharides (EPS) contents, protein content, oxidative stress visualization inside the cell and ascorbate- glutathione cycle. Decline in growth were noticed under both the doses of cypermethrin but the decline was more (30%) at higher dose in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 as compare to N. muscorum. This decrease was due to increased production of oxidative biomarkers (i.e. SOR and H2O2) subsequently membrane got damaged which was noticed by measuring MDA equivalents content (in vivo visualization). Kinetin and IAA alleviated the SOR and H2O2 content resulting in recovery of cellular membrane and the growth was optimized up to control level. Detoxification of H2O2 is guided by enzymes/metabolites of AsA-GSH cycle like ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and dehydroascorabte reductase (DHAR) activity were found to be stimulated at lower dose of cypermethrin as compare to higher dose. while the amount of metabolites: total ascorbate (AsA), total glutathione (GSH) and ratios of reduced/oxidized AsA (AsA/DHA) and GSH (GSH/GSSG) showed significant reduction at both the doses but the reduction was more at higher dose of cypermethrin. Kinetin and IAA positively regulate the AsA-GSH cycle by enhancing the activity of APX, GR, MDHAR and DHAR activity and raising the metabolites content and their reduced/oxidized ratio. This study suggests the increased enzymatic activity and AsA/DHA ratio leads to reduced production of H2O2 in the presence of both the phytohormones which further leads to enhanced growth in both the organism but the effect of KN and IAA was more pronounced in N. muscorum suggesting its resistivity against stress.

scholarly journals cAMP regulates respiration and oxidative stress during rehydration in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120

FEBS Letters ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 582 (13) ◽  
pp. 1883-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiyoshi Higo ◽  
Masahiko Ikeuchi ◽  
Masayuki Ohmori
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Anabaena Sp ◽  
Pcc 7120 ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Biochemical factors conferring shoot tolerance to oxidative stress in rice grown in low zinc soil

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Frei ◽  
Yunxia Wang ◽  
Abdelbagi M. Ismail ◽  
Matthias Wissuwa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Cycle

Zinc deficiency reduces rice growth and yield, and this is, in part, due to leaf damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to identify biochemical mechanisms conferring tolerance to Zn deficiency-induced oxidative stress. A field experiment and three nutrient solution experiments were conducted with the intolerant genotype IR74 and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between IR74 and the tolerant landrace Jalmagna. After 2 weeks of growth in low Zn soil, stress symptoms developed in leaves of IR74, but not in the tolerant RIL46. Activity of antioxidant enzymes showed clear treatment effects, but did not explain tolerance of RIL46. On the contrary, the intolerant IR74 showed higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) under Zn deficiency. This contrasted with a constitutively higher level of total and reduced ascorbic acid (AsA) in RIL46. Three further nutrient solution experiments focussed on enzymes and reducing substrates of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle. The first experiment included the highly sensitive RIL76 in addition to the genotypes used in the field trial, to test whether the patterns of antioxidant response observed in the field were specific to the genotypes used. This genotype had similarly low AsA level as IR74, but did not respond to Zn deficiency with an increase in enzyme activity, leading to even more pronounced leaf symptoms. In a second experiment, co-segregation of AsA concentration and Zn deficiency tolerance was confirmed in five genotypes from the IR74/Jalmagna quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping population. A third experiment was conducted to determine whether the observed patterns of antioxidant response were specific to Zn deficiency or would also apply to oxidative stress caused by iron deficiency. Although high AsA level apparently conferred tolerance under both types of stress, the enzymatic response to iron deficiency differed from that to Zn deficiency. In particular, APX activity showed a decrease instead of an increase under low iron stress. In conclusion, we suggest that a high AsA level is a promising target for developing rice genotypes with tolerance to oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Media optimization for C-phycocyanin production in Plectonema sp. using response surface methodology and central composite design

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3897-3904
Author(s):  
Arbab Husain ◽  
Fahad Khan ◽  
Khwaja Osama ◽  
Sadaf Mahfooz ◽  
Adeeba Shamim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Nostoc Muscorum ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Medium Components ◽  
Anabaena Sp ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Central Composite

Cyanobacteria represent the richest sources of phycobiliproteins with especial reference to C-phycocyanin (C-PC), which in turn holds exhaustive therapeutic implications. Screening of several cyanobacterial strains namely Anabaena sp., Nostoc muscorum, Cylindrospermum sp., Plectonema sp., Scytonema sp., Spirulina sp., Synechococcous sp. and Tolypothrix sp. was carried out for their C-PC producing capacity, however the produced quantity of C-PC varies greatly among different strains. Owing to the crucial role of different media constituents on productivity of C-PC the current study was designed to optimize most appropriate media composition for augmented CPC production by selected superior producer. 36 factorial central composite design (CCD) dependent response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to estimate the important medium components attributed with influencing C-PC productivity. RSM analysis of five independent coded factors including Na2CO3, K2HPO4, NaNO3, citric acid and EDTA were analyzed preceded by recognition of efficient variables for algal components production by Plectonema sp. Investigation of results revealed that the eminent medium components were NaCO3 (0.4 g/L); NaNO3 (0.5 g/L); K2HPO4 (2.8 g/L); citric acid (0.08 g/L) and EDTA (0.01 g/L) respectively. The optimized combination yielded 0.5536 mg/ml of C-PC. The increment of C-PC yield is R-Sq = 88.2%. Thus, our study led to the recognition of critical nutritional component that can be used further for enhanced productivity of C-PC.

scholarly journals Melatonin alleviates heat-induced damage of tomato seedlings by balancing redox homeostasis and modulating polyamine and nitric oxide biosynthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shah Jahan ◽  
Sheng Shu ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Zheng Chen ◽  
Mingming He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Glutathione Cycle

Abstract Background Melatonin is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that plays multifarious roles in plants stress tolerance. The polyamine (PAs) metabolic pathway has been suggested to eliminate the effects of environmental stresses. However, the underlying mechanism of how melatonin and PAs function together under heat stress largely remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential role of melatonin in regulating PAs and nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis, and counterbalancing oxidative damage induced by heat stress in tomato seedlings. Results Heat stress enhanced the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damaged inherent defense system, thus reduced plant growth. However, pretreatment with 100 μM melatonin (7 days) followed by exposure to heat stress (24 h) effectively reduced the oxidative stress by controlling the overaccumulation of superoxide (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lowering the lipid peroxidation content (as inferred based on malondialdehyde content) and less membrane injury index (MII). This was associated with increased the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants activities by regulating their related gene expression and modulating the ascorbate–glutathione cycle. The presence of melatonin induced respiratory burst oxidase (RBOH), heat shock transcription factors A2 (HsfA2), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), and delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene expression, which helped detoxify excess ROS via the hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling pathway. In addition, heat stress boosted the endogenous levels of putrescine, spermidine and spermine, and increased the PAs contents, indicating higher metabolic gene expression. Moreover, melatonin-pretreated seedlings had further increased PAs levels and upregulated transcript abundance, which coincided with suppression of catabolic-related genes expression. Under heat stress, exogenous melatonin increased endogenous NO content along with nitrate reductase- and NO synthase-related activities, and expression of their related genes were also elevated. Conclusions Melatonin pretreatment positively increased the heat tolerance of tomato seedlings by improving their antioxidant defense mechanism, inducing ascorbate–glutathione cycle, and reprogramming the PAs metabolic and NO biosynthesis pathways. These attributes facilitated the scavenging of excess ROS and increased stability of the cellular membrane, which mitigated heat-induced oxidative stress.

The Absence of Thioredoxin m1 and Thioredoxin C in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 Leads to Oxidative Stress

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fr�d�ric Deschoenmaeker ◽  
Shoko Mihara ◽  
Tatsuya Niwa ◽  
Hideki Taguchi ◽  
Ken-Ichi Wakabayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Anabaena Sp ◽  
Pcc 7120
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