Biochemical factors conferring shoot tolerance to oxidative stress in rice grown in low zinc soil

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Frei ◽  
Yunxia Wang ◽  
Abdelbagi M. Ismail ◽  
Matthias Wissuwa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Cycle

Zinc deficiency reduces rice growth and yield, and this is, in part, due to leaf damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to identify biochemical mechanisms conferring tolerance to Zn deficiency-induced oxidative stress. A field experiment and three nutrient solution experiments were conducted with the intolerant genotype IR74 and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between IR74 and the tolerant landrace Jalmagna. After 2 weeks of growth in low Zn soil, stress symptoms developed in leaves of IR74, but not in the tolerant RIL46. Activity of antioxidant enzymes showed clear treatment effects, but did not explain tolerance of RIL46. On the contrary, the intolerant IR74 showed higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) under Zn deficiency. This contrasted with a constitutively higher level of total and reduced ascorbic acid (AsA) in RIL46. Three further nutrient solution experiments focussed on enzymes and reducing substrates of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle. The first experiment included the highly sensitive RIL76 in addition to the genotypes used in the field trial, to test whether the patterns of antioxidant response observed in the field were specific to the genotypes used. This genotype had similarly low AsA level as IR74, but did not respond to Zn deficiency with an increase in enzyme activity, leading to even more pronounced leaf symptoms. In a second experiment, co-segregation of AsA concentration and Zn deficiency tolerance was confirmed in five genotypes from the IR74/Jalmagna quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping population. A third experiment was conducted to determine whether the observed patterns of antioxidant response were specific to Zn deficiency or would also apply to oxidative stress caused by iron deficiency. Although high AsA level apparently conferred tolerance under both types of stress, the enzymatic response to iron deficiency differed from that to Zn deficiency. In particular, APX activity showed a decrease instead of an increase under low iron stress. In conclusion, we suggest that a high AsA level is a promising target for developing rice genotypes with tolerance to oxidative stress.

Functional analysis of the genotypic differences in response to calcareous-induced iron deficiency in pea plants (Pisum sativum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameh Barhoumi ◽  
Hasna Ellouzi ◽  
Abdelmajid KROUMA
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Background Lime-induced iron deficiency in Pea plants is a major nutritional disorder causing severe plant growth and yield reduction in calcareous soils of Tunisia. Other the chemical fertilization for iron chlorosis correction, the exploration of the genotypic differences in response to this constraint remains the most efficient approach due to its coast, environmental benefits, and sustainability. This approach allows as to screen tolerant genotypes and identify useful traits of tolerance. Results calcareous-induced iron deficiency reduced SPAD index, plant growth, net photosynthesis, and tissues Fe concentration against a significant stimulation of the oxidative stress indicators, H2O2 and Malondialdehyde (MDA). In the same time, we have reported significant induction of SOD activity in shoots and CAT activity in roots of the genotype Alexandra (ne clear behavior observed in the other genotypes). Fe use efficiency increased on calcareous soil and clearly discriminates the studied genotypes. Conclusion Genotypic differences were observed, and Alex was found to be the most tolerant. This genotype protect its tissues against oxidative stress by stimulating SOD activity in shoots and CAT içn roots, and expressed significant efficiency of Fe uptake and use on calcareous soil. The Fe use efficiency for photosynthesis and for SOD and CAT activities clearly discriminates the studied genotypes and can be used as a useful trait for further screening programs.

scholarly journals Physico-biochemical and molecular responses of Acacia auriculiformis to salinity stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak B. Gupta ◽  
Joydeep Banerjee ◽  
Krishnendu Pramanik ◽  
Arpita Das ◽  
Srikumar Pal
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Pal Activity

AbstractSalinity limits the growth and yield of many crops across the globe and is considered as major threat to agriculture. Acacia auriculiformis, an important salt tolerant crop, is growing abundantly in the salt-affected mangrove areas of Sunderban, West Bengal, India. In the present study, we have reported the physiological, molecular and antioxidant response of this crop to a gradient of salt treatments ranging between 0 and 800 mM NaCl. As a stress response, the antioxidant enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) were highly activated at 200, 400 and 800 mM NaCl respectively. Antioxidant metabolites such as phenols and thiols elevated with increasing salt treatments thus augmenting antioxidant activity with significant positive relationship with phenol content. Similarly, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity was up-regulated in a dose dependent manner with significant relationship with phenol content. This study also reported the phenolic profile for the first time in A. auriculiformis with the abundance of flavonoids. In addition, transcriptional up-regulation of Na+/H+ antiporter gene (NHX1) and the development of robust vascular tissues was noticed at 400 mM NaCl stress compared to control, while further stress at 800 mM NaCl induced poor vascular tissue growth but with higher PAL activity and consequent higher phenol content. Based on this observation, a model for salt tolerance mechanism of A. auriculiformis has been proposed.

scholarly journals Acetaminophen Induces an Antioxidative Response in Lettuce Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1152
Author(s):  
Inês Leitão ◽  
Luisa L. Martins ◽  
Luisa Carvalho ◽  
M. Conceição Oliveira ◽  
M. Matilde Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Antioxidative Response ◽  
Hydroponic Experiment ◽  
Glutathione Cycle ◽  
Irrigation Waters ◽  
Specific Impact

Contaminants of environmental concern, like pharmaceuticals, are being detected in increasing amounts in soils and irrigation waters and can thus be taken up by plants. In this work, the uptake of acetaminophen (ACT) by lettuce plants was evaluated through a hydroponic experiment at different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1 and 5 mg L−1 ACT). The pathways related to oxidative stress induced by ACT were studied in lettuce leaves and roots at 1, 8 and 15 days after exposure. Stress indicators such as hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were analyzed, revealing increases in plants contaminated with ACT in comparison to control, confirming the occurrence of oxidative stress, with the exception of MDA in leaves. The enzymatic activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase, directly involved in the antioxidative system, showed significant differences when compared to control plants, and, depending on the enzyme and the tissue, different trends were observed. Glutathione reductase revealed a decrease in contaminated leaves, which may imply a specific impact of ACT in the glutathione cycle. Significant increases were found in the anthocyanin content of leaves, both with exposure time and ACT concentration, indicating an antioxidative response induced by ACT contamination.

scholarly journals A Fogging System Improves Antioxidative Defense Responses and Productivity in Tomato

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Leyva ◽  
Christian Constán-Aguilar ◽  
Begoña Blasco ◽  
Eva Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽  
Teresa Soriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Ros Scavenger ◽  
Glutathione Cycle ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes ◽  
Peroxidase Enzymes

Crops cultivated during summer in greenhouses and screen-covered structures (screenhouses) are negatively affected by stressful temperatures and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), which in turn influence yield and product quality. Fogging systems have been proposed as cooling methods to mitigate the adverse effects of high evaporation and excess temperatures in greenhouses. To evaluate the possible action of the fogging system on antioxidant response in cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit production, we studied the behavior of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (Halliwell-Asada cycle), and compounds with antioxidant functions such as ascorbate, glutathione, proline, and polyamines. Fogging-screenhouse treatments, SF (a fogging system inside the screenhouse) and SFS (fogging system with a plastic sheeting, to maintain the microclimate created by the fogging system in the screenhouse) showed the best performance in terms of radiation with a percentage reduction of incident radiation on the crop of 18% and 37% and a mean reduction of maximum VPD values of 0.4 and 0.2 kPa, respectively, compared with the unfogging treatment (S). These improved environmental conditions, besides promoting the highest activities of ROS-scavenging enzymes and Halliwell-Asada cycle, the redox state of the ascorbate, and a low proline:free putrescine ratio, would explain the increase in commercial weight of fruit by 21% and 17% in SF and SFS, respectively, with respect to S.

Diverse sources of resistance to Spodoptera litura (F.) in groundnut

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (01S) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Saleem ◽  
G. K. Naidu ◽  
H. L. Nadaf ◽  
P. S. Tippannavar
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Botanical Variety ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Botanical Varieties

Spodoptera litura an important insect pest of groundnut causes yield loss up to 71% in India. Though many effective chemicals are available to control Spodoptera, host plant resistance is the most desirable, economic and eco-friendly strategy. In the present study, groundnut mini core (184), recombinant inbred lines (318) and elite genotypes (44) were studied for their reaction to Spodoptera litura under hot spot location at Dharwad. Heritable component of variation existed for resistance to Spodoptera in groundnut mini core, recombinant inbred lines and elite genotypes indicating scope for selection of Spodoptera resistant genotypes. Only 29 (15%) genotypes belonging to hypogaea, fastigiata and hirsuta botanical varieties under mini core set, 15 transgressive segregants belonging to fastigiata botanical variety among 318 recombinant inbred lines and three genotypes belonging to hypogaea and fastigiata botanical varieties under elite genotypes showed resistance to Spodoptera litura with less than 10% leaf damage. Negative correlation existed between resistance to Spodoptera and days to 50 per cent flowering indicating late maturing nature of resistant genotypes. Eight resistant genotypes (ICG 862, ICG 928, ICG 76, ICG 2777, ICG 5016, ICG 12276, ICG 4412 and ICG 9905) under hypogaea botanical variety also had significantly higher pod yield. These diverse genotypes could serve as potential donors for incorporation of Spodoptera resistance in groundnut.

Targeting PPARalpha in Alzheimer's Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara D'Orio ◽  
Anna Fracassi ◽  
Maria Paola Cerù ◽  
Sandra Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Prevailing Paradigm

Background: The molecular mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) are yet to be fully elucidated. The so-called “amyloid cascade hypothesis” has long been the prevailing paradigm for causation of disease, and is today being revisited in relation to other pathogenic pathways, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and energy dysmetabolism. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and regulate many physiological processes, such as energy metabolism, neurotransmission, redox homeostasis, autophagy and cell cycle. Among the three isotypes (α, β/δ, γ), PPARγ role is the most extensively studied, while information on α and β/δ are still scanty. However, recent in vitro and in vivo evidence point to PPARα as a promising therapeutic target in AD. Conclusion: This review provides an update on this topic, focussing on the effects of natural or synthetic agonists in modulating pathogenetic mechanisms at AD onset and during its progression. Ligandactivated PPARα inihibits amyloidogenic pathway, Tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation. Concomitantly, the receptor elicits an enzymatic antioxidant response to oxidative stress, ameliorates glucose and lipid dysmetabolism, and stimulates autophagy.

scholarly journals Centella Asiatica Improves Memory and Promotes Antioxidative Signaling in 5XFAD Mice

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald G Matthews ◽  
Maya Caruso ◽  
Charles F Murchison ◽  
Jennifer Y Zhu ◽  
Kirsten M Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Synaptic Density ◽  
Cognitive Benefits ◽  
5Xfad Mice

Centella asiatica (CA) herb is a traditional medicine, long reputed to provide cognitive benefits. We have reported that CA water extract (CAW) treatment improves cognitive function of aged Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model Tg2576 and wild-type (WT) mice, and induces an NRF2-regulated antioxidant response in aged WT mice. Here, CAW was administered to AD model 5XFAD female and male mice and WT littermates (age: 7.6 +/ − 0.6 months), and object recall and contextual fear memory were tested after three weeks treatment. CAW’s impact on amyloid-β plaque burden, and markers of neuronal oxidative stress and synaptic density, was assessed after five weeks treatment. CAW antioxidant activity was evaluated via nuclear transcription factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) and NRF2-regulated antioxidant response element gene expression. Memory improvement in both genders and genotypes was associated with dose-dependent CAW treatment without affecting plaque burden, and marginally increased synaptic density markers in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. CAW treatment increased Nrf2 in hippocampus and other NRF2 targets (heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit). Reduced plaque-associated SOD1, an indicator of oxidative stress, was observed in the hippocampi and cortices of CAW-treated 5XFAD mice. We postulate that CAW treatment leads to reduced oxidative stress, contributing to improved neuronal health and cognition.

Antioxidant response to oxidative stress in zooplankton thrived in wastewater-fed ponds in East Calcutta Wetland Ecosystem, a Ramsar site

2013 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Roy Goswami ◽  
Anulipi Aich ◽  
Sudin Pal ◽  
Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay ◽  
Siddhartha Datta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Ramsar Site ◽  
Wetland Ecosystem
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