scholarly journals Variables influencing executive functioning in preschool hearing-impaired children implanted within 24 months of age: an observational cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Nicastri ◽  
Ilaria Giallini ◽  
Martina Amicucci ◽  
Laura Mariani ◽  
Marco de Vincentiis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Hearing Parents ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Purpose Executive Functions (EFs) are fundamental to every aspect of life. The present study was implemented to evaluate factors influencing their development in a group of preschools orally educated profoundly deaf children of hearing parents, who received CI within 2 years of age. Methods Twenty-five preschool CI children were tested using the Battery for Assessment of Executive Functions (BAFE) to assess their flexibility, inhibition, and non-verbal visuo-spatial working memory skills. The percentage of children performing in normal range was reported for each of the EF subtests. Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis were performed to assess differences between gender, listening mode, and degree of parents’ education subgroups. The Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient was calculated to investigate the relationship between EF scores of audiological and linguistic variables. Results Percentages ranging from 76 to 92% of the children reached adequate EF scores at BAFE. Significant relations (p < 0.05) were found between EFs and early intervention, listening, and linguistic skills. Furthermore, CI children from families with higher education level performed better at the response shifting, inhibitory control, and attention flexibility tasks. Economic income correlated significantly with flexibility and inhibitory skills. Females performed better than males only in the attention flexibility task. Conclusions The present study is one of the first to focus attention on the development of EFs in preschool CI children, providing an initial understanding of the characteristics of EFs at the age when these skills emerge. Clinical practice must pay increasing attention to these aspects which are becoming the new emerging challenge of rehabilitation programs.

Influence of Cognitive Impairment on Rehabilitation Received and Its Mediating Effect on Functional Recovery

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ilona Dutzi ◽  
Michael Schwenk ◽  
Marietta Kirchner ◽  
Eva Jooss ◽  
Jürgen M. Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rehabilitation Outcome ◽  
Rehabilitation Outcomes ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Examination

Background: Cognitive impairment (CI) has been reported to negatively impact rehabilitation outcomes. Knowledge about differences in rehabilitation received in dependence of CI as a potential mediating factor is limited. Objective: To analyze whether CI affects amount and frequency of rehabilitation received and if associations between CI and rehabilitation outcome are mediated by the provided amount of therapy. Methods: Observational cohort study in ward-based geriatric rehabilitation consecutively including 373 patients (mean age 82.0±6.69 years, mean MMSE 23.66±5.31). Outcome measures were amount, frequency, and type of multi-professional therapy sessions and rehabilitation outcome assessed with the Barthel Index (BI). Cognitive status was measured with the Mini-Mental-State Examination (MMSE) classifying three patient subgroups according to cognitive status were considered. Results: Patients with more severe CI received least total therapy hours (TTH) (MMSE <  17, 13.67±6.58 versus MMSE 17–26, 16.12±7.19 and MMSE >  26, 17.79±8.88 h, p = 0.014) and were less often included in occupational therapy (MMSE <  17, 48.9%versus MMSE 17–26, 65.5%and MMSE >  26, 71.4%, p = 0.019) and group-based physiotherapy (MMSE <  17, 73.3%versus MMSE 17–26, 88.5%and MMSE >  26, 81.2%, p = 0.027). Regression models showed that CI negatively impacted TTH (β= 0.24, p = 0.003) and rehabilitation outcome (β= 0.41, p = 0.008). In the mediation model, TTH accounted for 23.18%(p <  0.001) of the relationship between CI and rehabilitation outcome. Conclusion: Cognitive impairment negatively impacted rehabilitation received. The lower TTH partly mediated the negative association between CI and rehabilitation outcome. Future research should identify specific barriers to therapy provision and optimal length, intensity, and dosage of rehabilitation programs to optimize rehabilitation outcomes in CI.

scholarly journals The Complex Relation between Executive Functions and Language in Preschoolers with Developmental Language Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Marini ◽  
Barbara Piccolo ◽  
Livia Taverna ◽  
Moira Berginc ◽  
Martina Ozbič
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Developmental Language Disorders ◽  
Complex Relation ◽  
Narrative Skills ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Narrative Production ◽  
Linguistic Skills ◽  
Digit Recall ◽  
The Relationship

Backgrounds: The relationship between linguistic difficulties and cognitive impairments in children with developmental language disorders (DLDs) is receiving growing interest in international research. Executive functions (EF) appear to be weak in these children. The current investigation aims at exploring the relationship between difficulties in two components of EF (i.e., updating and inhibition) and the linguistic and narrative skills of 16 DLD preschoolers matched with 24 typically developing peers. Methods: Updating skills were tested by administering the forward and backward digit recall subtests of the Wechsler Scales, while children’s inhibition abilities were assessed by completion of Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment (NEPSY-II) inhibition tasks. Information on the linguistic skills of the participants was collected through a set of subtests included in the Batteria per la Valutazione del Linguaggio in bambini dai 4 ai 12 anni (Batteria per la Valutazione del Linguaggio; BVL_4-12), assessing articulatory and phonological discrimination skills, lexical production/comprehension, grammatical production/comprehension, and narrative production skills. Results: Findings revealed that DLD children performed significantly lower than their peers on both updating and inhibitory tasks. Linguistic difficulties were found in the DLD group on articulatory/phonological skills, grammatical production/comprehension, and lexical informativeness on narrative production. Measures of EF correlated with linguistic and narrative measures. Conclusion: The current study confirms a significant association between DLD’s performances on EF and displayed linguistic skills, suggesting the need to include the assessment of executive functions to target early intervention rehabilitation programs for children with DLDs.

Auditory, Visual, and Auditory-Visual Recognition of Consonants by Children with Normal and Impaired Hearing

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman P. Erber
Keyword(s):  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
Acoustic Information ◽  
Hearing Children ◽  
Visual Reception ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Better Than

The consonants /b, d, g, k, m, n, p, t/ were presented to normal-hearing, severely hearing-impaired, and profoundly deaf children through auditory, visual, and combined auditory-visual modalities. Through lipreading alone, all three groups were able to discriminate between the places of articulation (bilabial, alveolar, velar) but not within each place category. When they received acoustic information only, normal-hearing children recognized the consonants nearly perfectly, and severely hearing-impaired children distinguished accurately between voiceless plosives, voiced plosives, and nasal consonants. However, the scores of the profoundly deaf group were low, and they perceived even voicing and nasality cues unreliably. Although both the normal-hearing and the severely hearing-impaired groups achieved nearly perfect recognition scores through simultaneous auditory-visual reception, the performance of the profoundly deaf children was only slightly better than that which they demonstrated through lipreading alone.

scholarly journals An interpreter advantage in executive functions?

Interpreting ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soudabeh Nour ◽  
Esli Struys ◽  
Evy Woumans ◽  
Ily Hollebeke ◽  
Hélène Stengers
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Abstract The aim of this systematic literature review was to answer the question of which executive function is most affected by interpreter training and experience. We used the ‘unity and diversity’ framework of executive functions to distinguish between three executive components: Response and Distractor Inhibition, Shifting, and Updating. Among the seventeen studies included in the review, we only found evidence for an interpreter advantage on Shifting and Updating, but with a different pattern for each of these. With regard to Updating, groups of interpreters scored better than comparison groups, but general trend in longitudinal studies did not show an improvement for interpreter trainees. In contrast, for Shifting, scores improved as a result of interpreting training. Our systematic review stresses the importance of understanding the diversity of executive processes when investigating the relationship between interpreting and cognitive performance.

scholarly journals Hearing Parents’ Use of Auditory, Visual, and Tactile Cues as a Function of Child Hearing Status

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Gabouer ◽  
John Oghalai ◽  
Heather Bortfeld
Keyword(s):  
Joint Attention ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Hearing Parents ◽  
Hearing Status ◽  
Tactile Attention ◽  
Tactile Cues ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Preverbal Children

Parent-child dyads in which the child is deaf but the parent is hearing present a unique opportunity to examine parents’ use of non-auditory cues, particularly vision and touch, to establish communicative intent. This study examines the multimodal communication patterns of hearing parents during a free play task with their hearing (N=9) or deaf (N=9) children. Specifically, we coded parents’ use of multimodal cues in the service of establishing joint attention with their children. Dyad types were compared for overall use of multimodal – auditory, visual, and tactile – attention-establishing cues, and for the overall number of successful and failed bids by a parent for a child’s attention. The relationship between multimodal behaviors on the part of the parent were tracked for whether they resulted in successful or failed initiation of joint attention. We focus our interpretation of the results on how hearing parents differentially accommodate their hearing and deaf children to engage them in joint attention. Findings can inform the development of recommendations for hearing parents of deaf children who are candidates for cochlear implantation regarding communication strategies to use prior to a child’s implantation. Moreover, these findings expand our understanding of how joint attention is established between parents and their preverbal children, regardless of children’s hearing status.

scholarly journals Soil Mounding as a Control for Dogwood Borer in Apple

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 2066-2070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Gut ◽  
Peter H. McGhee ◽  
Ron Perry
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Michigan State University ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
State University ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dogwood Borer ◽  
Better Than

The relationship between the extent of burrknots on apple rootstocks and dogwood borer (DWB) [Synanthedon scitula Harris] infestation, and the efficacy of a cultural management strategy for this pest were studied in heavily infested plots at the Michigan State University Clarksville Horticulture Experiment Station. Spearman rank correlation Rho values of 0.85 and 0.75 in consecutive years of the study substantiated a strong positive correlation between the number of larvae present in the rootstock and the surface area of the rootstock covered by burrknots. Cultivar type affected the level of the DWB infestation in the rootstock. Larval densities were 8- to 10-times higher in Mark rootstocks when the grafted scion was `Idared' instead of `Liberty'. This cultivar related difference in larval infestation was associated with a greater number of burrknots on `Idared'/Mark compared to `Liberty'/Mark trees. Mounding of soil to cover the exposed rootstock was found to be a highly effective alternative to insecticides for DWB control. Under conditions of heavy pest pressure, this cultural control tactic provided 76% to 99% reductions in larval densities. These levels of control are comparable to or better than those reported for trunk sprays with chlorpyrifos, the most effective of currently available insecticides.

Equivalent Noise Dose Obtained Through Hearing Aids in the Classrooms of Hearing-Impaired Children

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-150
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Very High ◽  
Hearing Impaired Children

A commercial noise dose meter was used to estimate the equivalent noise dose received through high-gain hearing aids worn in a school for deaf children. There were no significant differences among nominal SSPL settings and all SSPL settings produced very high equivalent noise doses, although these are within the parameters of previous projections.

Phonological and Spatial Processing Abilities in Language- and Reading-Impaired Children

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G. Kamhi ◽  
Hugh W. Catts ◽  
Daria Mauer ◽  
Kenn Apel ◽  
Betholyn F. Gentry
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Word Repetition ◽  
Paper Folding ◽  
Syllable Segmentation ◽  
Processing Abilities ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Better Than

In the present study, we further examined (see Kamhi & Catts, 1986) the phonological processing abilities of language-impaired (LI) and reading-impaired (RI) children. We also evaluated these children's ability to process spatial information. Subjects were 10 LI, 10 RI, and 10 normal children between the ages of 6:8 and 8:10 years. Each subject was administered eight tasks: four word repetition tasks (monosyllabic, monosyllabic presented in noise, three-item, and multisyllabic), rapid naming, syllable segmentation, paper folding, and form completion. The normal children performed significantly better than both the LI and RI children on all but two tasks: syllable segmentation and repeating words presented in noise. The LI and RI children performed comparably on every task with the exception of the multisyllabic word repetition task. These findings were consistent with those from our previous study (Kamhi & Catts, 1986). The similarities and differences between LI and RI children are discussed.

The relationship between rumination and executive functions: A meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergiu P. Vălenaș ◽  
◽  
Aurora Szentágotai-Tătar ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Advertising Media Impact in Consumer Buying Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
Ashmita Dahal Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Media Impact ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Buying Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Advertisements have been used for many years to influence the buying behaviors of the consumers. Advertisements are helpful in creating the awareness and perception among the customers of a product. This particular research was conducted on the 100 young male and female who use different brands of product to check the influence of advertisement on their buying behavior while creating the awareness and building the perceptions. Correlation, regression and other statistical tools were used to identify the relationship between these variables. The results revealed that the relationship between media and consumer behavior is positive. The adve1tising impact on sales and there is positive and high degree relationship between advertising and consumer behavior. The impact on advertising of a product of electronic media is better than non-electronic media.

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