Effects of Water Temperature on Activities of Metabolic Enzymes of Juvenile Siganus guttatus

Background: Temperature is one of the most important environmental factors affecting the survival, growth and metabolism of fish. The current study was aimed to study the effects of water temperature on the metabolic enzyme activities of juvenile Siganus guttatus. Methods: The juveniles were domesticated at 28±1°C for two weeks and then the temperature was adjusted to the target temperature groups (31°C, 27°C, 23°C and 19°C) by the gradually increasing or decreasing temperature with the change rate of 2°C per day. The experiment lasted for 70 d. At the end of the experiment, the fish were anesthetized and all the livers were dissected on ice plate and stored in the refrigerator at -80°C for the determination of enzyme activity. Result: The activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), hexokinase (HK) and pyruvate kinase (PK), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) tend to be increased with the reduction of temperature. The above enzymes activities in 19°C group were highest. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and citrate synthase (CS) was lowest in 19°C. These results suggests that 19°C had exceeded the suitable temperature range for juvenile S. guttatus. At low temperature, S. guttatus mainly use fat for energy, but less anaerobic metabolism for energy.

Outcomes of COVID-19 infection in patients with chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis at a COVID hospital in India

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis are highly vulnerable to COVID-19 infection with a mortality rate higher than the rest of the population. There are several clinical and laboratory parameters that can predict the course and the outcomes in this group of population. Methods: We retrospectively collected the baseline demographic, clinical, in-hospital, and laboratory data of the patients with CKD on maintenance hemodialysis who were admitted to our COVID-19 hospital during the first and the second wave. Results: We obtained data for 35 patients from the first and 5 patients from the second wave. The analysis of the data for 35 patients from the first wave revealed shortness of breath (62.9%), and fever (54.3%) being the most common presenting symptoms, and the majority of the patients (57.2 %) presented with moderate to severe disease at admission with 57 % had bilateral lung infiltrates, and required oxygen support (65.7%) at admission. The comparison of clinical and laboratory markers between survivors (27 patients, 77.1%) and non-survivors (8 patients, 22.9%) revealed an older age, severe disease at presentation, invasive mechanical ventilation, baseline severe lymphocytopenia, high serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, blood urea, and inflammatory markers like Interleukin-6 and procalcitonin, fibrinogen and low albumin in non survivors. Conclusions: The older age, severe disease at presentation, the requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation, raised baseline Interleukin-6, procalcitonin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, blood urea and a low albumin level could be valuable predictors of poor outcomes.

Differential expression of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1-like 1 in human epithelial ovarian cancer.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1-like 1, GOT1L1, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. GOT1L1 expression was significantly higher in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. GOT1L1 expression correlated with progression-free survival in patients with p53 mutant ovarian cancer. These data indicate that expression of GOT1L1 is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. GOT1L1 may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.

Sublethal behavioral and biochemical toxicity of cypermethrin in juvenile Oreochromis niloticus in a static bioassay

Sublethal behavioral and biochemical toxicity of cypermethrin in Oreochromis niloticus (L.) juveniles was accessed under static conditions at concentrations of 0.5, 1.1, and 2.1 µg L−1 for up to eight weeks. The juveniles were highly sensitive to cypermethrin, with a 96-h LC50 of 12 µg L−1. Biphasic trends were noted for four avoidance behaviors: loss of equilibrium; erratic swimming; air gulping; opercular ventilation. Dose- and duration-dependent increases occurred in mucus secretion and color change. Mixed trends were noted for mean glutamate pyruvate transaminase, triglycerides, proteins, and cholesterol. These parameters decreased significantly depending on dose and duration in weeks two and six, but they increased in week eight. Mean glucose and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase increased significantly depending on dose and duration up to week eight. No differences in glucose were noted in the control in week two. The findings of the present study confirmed that cypermethin adversely affected the health of fish even at a sublethal level.

Effect sleep deprivation on some liver enzymes for adults males

The current study was designed for two groups, each group contain (20) nonsmokers healthy persons males, first group was get (more than 7 hours sleep / day) , while the second group did not get enough sleep hours (less than 7 hours sleep / day). The results showed a significant increase in the level of body mass index (BMI) , the activity of glutamic pyruvic transaminase enzyme (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase enzyme (GOT) and concentration of total serum bilirubin (TSB) at probability level (P≤0.049 , P≤0.047 , P≤0.032 , P≤0.035) Respectively in Persons with second group compared to Persons with first group, as well as the study showed a positive correlation between the studied parameters , with increase of all parameters in the second group with each other as a result of the same reason.

PENGARUH EKSTRAK ASHITABA TERHADAP KADAR SERUM GLUTAMIC OXALOACETIC TRANSAMINASE DAN SERUM GLUTAMIC PYRUVIC TRANSAMINASE PADA TIKUS DENGAN LUKA BAKAR

Background: Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) are increased in tissue damage. Ashitaba contains many compounds that can reduce serum SGOT and SGPT levels. Objective: This study was proposed to prove that giving Ashitaba extract could reduce serum SGOT and SGPT levels in rats exposed to burn injury. Methods: This study used a posttest only control group design with 20 rats as samples. All research samples were treated with second-degree burns and were divided into 2 different groups, the treatment group (given Ashitaba extract 300 mg /kg BW) and the control group. The blood serum was analyzed for SGOT and SGPT test on the 2nd, 8th, and 14th days. For statistical analysis, the Wilcoxon test used to analyze the levels of serum SGOT and SGPT. Results: There was no significant difference in serum SGOT and SGPT levels between the control and treatment groups on the 2nd, 8th, and 14th days Conclusion: Ashitaba extract could not reduce serum SGOT and SGPT levels in rats exposed to burn injury.

Evaluation of the Cholesterol-Lowering Mechanism of Enterococcus faecium Strain 132 and Lactobacillus paracasei Strain 201 in Hypercholesterolemia Rats

Hypercholesterolemia can cause many diseases, but it can effectively regulated by Lactobacillus. This study aimed to evaluate the cholesterol-lowering mechanism of Enterococcus faecium strain 132 and Lactobacillusparacasei strain 201. These results showed that both the strains decreased serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), liver TC and TG and increased fecal TC, TG and total bile acid (TBA) levels. Additionally, both strains also reduced glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) and levels of tissue inflammation levels to improve the lipid profile, and they reduced fat accumulation partially by alleviating inflammatory responses. Furthermore, both strains regulated the expression of the CYP8B1, CYP7A1, SREBP-1, SCD1 and LDL-R gene to promote cholesterol metabolism and reduce TG accumulation. Interventions with both strains also altered the gut microbiota, and decreasing the abundance of Veillonellaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae and Prevotella. Furthermore, fecal acetic acid and propionic acid were increased by this intervention. Overall, the results suggested that E. faecium strain 132 and L. paracasei strain 201 can alleviate hypercholesterolemia in rats and might be applied as a new type of hypercholesterolemia agent in functional foods.

The Effects of Turmeric Intake Alone or in Combination with Resistance Training on Liver Enzymes in Adult Men

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of turmeric intake alone or in combination with resistance training on liver enzymes in adult men who regularly consumed alcohol at least twice a week.METHODS: Twelve men (age: 36.0±5.26 years, weight: 99.9±17.9 kg, and height: 184.0±6.5 cm) were randomly assigned to the turmeric intake (2-3 g/day) alone (TI, n=6) group or the TI plus resistance training (60 minutes of RT 3 times a week) (TI+RT, n=6) group for 8 weeks. Blood was collected before and after 8 weeks of treatment. The analyzed variables included glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GTP), and GOT/GPT ratio.RESULTS:There was no significant interaction effect in all variables, but the main effect was found in all variables only in TI+RT group. The Cohen’s d effect size on the main effects of the TI+RT group on GOT (d=0.548), GPT (d=0.835), γ-GTP (d=0.623), and GOT/GPT ratio (d=0.800) ranged from 0.548-0.835, respectively. However, body composition such as percent body fat (%, <i>p</i>>.05) and muscle mass (kg, <i>p</i>>.05) did not show the main effect on time points as well as the interaction effect (<i>p</i>>.05).CONCLUSIONS:Although the 8-week TI treatment did not show any statistically significant change, TI treatment showed a tendency to decrease in GOT, GPT, and γ-GTP, and the GOT/GPT ratio tends to increase. Therefore, there was a synergic effect of the TI plus RT treatment or the sum of the two treatments for 8 weeks.

Over-expression of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1 in human endometrial cancer.

Gynecologic cancers including cancers of the endometrium are a clinical problem (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to discover genes associated with endometrial cancers by comparing transcriptomes of the normal endometrium and endometrial tumors from humans. We identified glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, encoded by GOT1, as among the most differentially expressed genes, transcriptome-wide, in cancers of the endometrium. GOT1 was expressed at significantly higher levels in endometrial tumor tissues as compared to the endometrium. Importantly, in human endometrial cancer, primary tumor expression of GOT1 was correlated with recurrence-free survival in black patients with low mutational burden. GOT1 may be a molecule of interest in understanding the etiology or progression of human endometrial cancer.