Ergogenic Effects of Green Tea Combined with Isolated Soy Protein on Increasing Muscle Mass and Exercise Performance in Resistance-Trained Mice

It is well known that supplementation with high protein after exercise can effectively promote muscle synthesis and repair, while green tea is rich in catechins that have antioxidant effects. We aimed to explore the effects of green tea combined with isolated soy protein on increase muscle mass in resistance-trained mice. A total of 32 male ICR mice (8-weeks old) were divided into four groups (n = 8/group), sedentary control group (SC), isolated soy protein with green tea group (ISPG), resistance training group (RT), isolated soy protein and green tea combine with resistance training group (ISPG + RT). All mice received control or ISPG by oral gavage for four consecutive weeks. Forelimb grip and exhaustive swimming time were used for exercise performance evaluation. In biochemical profile, we analyzed lactate, ammonia, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and glucose and muscle damage index creatine kinase (CK) after exercise as biochemical parameters of exercise fatigue. The grip strength, muscular endurance, and exhaustive swimming time of the ISPG + RT group were significantly increased than other groups (p < 0.05), and also significantly decreased in serum lactate and ammonia levels (p < 0.05, respectively). The ISP + RT group was not only increased in quadriceps weight, (p < 0.05) but also decreased EFP (p < 0.05). We recommend using a 4-week supplementation with ISPG, combined with RT, to increase muscle mass, exercise performance, glycogen storage, and reduce fatigue biochemical parameters after exercise. The benefits of long-term supplementation or application to human supplementation can be further explored in the future.

Fabrication and Performance of Low-Fouling UF Membranes for the Treatment of Isolated Soy Protein Solutions

Consumers are becoming more conscious about the need to include functional and nutritional foods in their diet. This has increased the demand for food extracts rich in proteins and peptides with physiological effects that are used within the food and pharmaceutical industries. Among these protein extracts, soy protein and its derivatives are highlighted. Isolated soy protein (ISP) presents a protein content of at least 90%. Wastewaters generated during the production process contain small proteins (8–50 kDa), and it would be desirable to find a recovery treatment for these compounds. Ultrafiltration membranes (UF) are used for the fractionation and concentration of protein solutions. By the appropriate selection of the membrane pore size, larger soy proteins are retained and concentrated while carbohydrates and minerals are mostly recovered in the permeate. The accumulation and concentration of macromolecules in the proximity of the membrane surface generates one of the most important limitations inherent to the membrane technologies. In this work, three UF membranes based on polyethersulfone (PES) were fabricated. In two of them, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added in their formulation to be used as a fouling prevention. The membrane fouling was evaluated by the study of flux decline models based on Hermia’s mechanisms.

Effects of Isolated Soy Protein Supplementation Combined with Aerobic Exercise Training on Improving Body Composition, Anthropometric Characteristics and Cardiopulmonary Endurance in Women: A Pilot Study

Today, women are concerned with health promotion but also with improvements in body weight and shape. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET) combined with isolated soy protein (ISP) supplementation on the body composition, anthropometric characteristics, and cardiopulmonary endurance of women. The qualified subjects were randomly assigned to AET or AET + ISP groups. Women in the AET + ISP group were given an ISP-rich supplement (40 g/day) 5 days a week for 8 weeks; those in the AET group were given the same amount of water in an identical manner. All women received 60 min of AET twice a week for 8 weeks at an intensity of 40–65% heart rate reserve (HRR) and their body composition, anthropometric characteristics, and physical fitness were measured one week before and after the 8-week AET class. A total of 16 subjects (age: 36.13 ± 5.76 years) completed the study and were included in the dataset. The results of this study show that the AET + ISP group obtained greater reductions in body weight (effect size = 0.99), body mass index (BMI, effect size = 1.04), percentage body fat (PBF, effect size = 1.18), circumferences (waist and hip, all effect sizes > 0.8), and greater gains in the percentage lean body mass (PLBM, effect size = 0.89), compared with the AET group, without significant differences in 20 m multi-stage shuttle run test (20 m MST). We conclude that there is a trend for the consumption of ISP following AET to improve the body composition and anthropometric characteristics in women, compared with those who received the same AET without ISP supplementation.

Edible Films on Meat and Meat Products

In 2018, the worldwide consumption of meat was 346.14 million tonnes, and this is expected to increase in the future. As meat consumption increases, the use of packaging materials is expected to increase along with it. Petrochemical packaging materials which are widely used in the meat processing industry, take a long time to regenerate and biodegrade, thus they adversely affect the environment. Therefore, the necessity for the development of eco-friendly packaging materials for meat processing, which are easily degradable and recyclable, came to the fore. The objective of this review is to describe the application of natural compound-derived edible films with their antioxidant and antibacterial activities in meat and meat products. For several decades, polysaccharides (cellulose, starch, pectin, gum, alginate, carrageenan and chitosan), proteins (milk, collagen and isolated soy protein) and lipids (essential oil, waxes, emulsifiers, plasticizers and resins) were studied as basic materials for edible films to reduce plastic packaging. There are still high consumer demands for eco-friendly alternatives to petrochemical-based plastic packaging, and edible films can be used in a variety of ways in meat processing. More efforts to enhance the physiological and functional properties of edible films are needed for commercial application to meat and meat products.

Effects of Soy Protein Containing of Isoflavones and Isoflavones Extract on Plasma Lipid Profile in Postmenopausal Women as a Potential Prevention Factor in Cardiovascular Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

The aim of the report was to evaluate the impact of soy protein containing isoflavones and soy isoflavones extract on lipid profile in postmenopausal women, as compared with placebo or protein of milk, casein or isolated soy protein with or without trace isoflavone content. We used the following databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Quantitative data synthesis was performed by applying a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to assess the modifiers of treatment response. In total, in the analysis studies, 2305 postmenopausal women took part. Changes in the lipid profile showed statistically significant decreases of total cholesterol by −0.12 (95% CI: −0.21, −0.03) mmol/L, −4.64 (95% CI: −8.12, −1.16) mg/dL, p = 0.01 and increased HDL-cholesterol by 0.03 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.06) mmol/L, 1.15 (95% CI: 0.00, 1.93) mg/dL, p = 0.05, as well as in LDL-cholesterol −0.05 (95% CI: −0.11, 0.01) mmol/L, −1.93 (95% CI: −4.25, 0.39) mg/dL, p = 0.08 and triacylglycerols −0.07 (95% CI: −0.14, 0.00) mmol/L, −6.123 (95% CI: −12.25, 0.00) mg/dL, p = 0.06. Our results suggests that soy and its isoflavones can be effective in correction changes in lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women and may favorably influence in preventing cardiovascular events.

Kinetics gelling process of isolated soy protein into a non-dairy beverage

Soy proteins are used for their emulsifying, foaming, gelling properties, among others. These characteristics can be modified depending on the conditions to which the product is located. These modifications can now be risky for companies that evaluate product shelf life. Non-dairy products, such as soy-based beverages are the model for characterizing protein gelling kinetics by subjecting them to four different temperature and concentration changes, checking the viscosity of the product after a while. This work evaluated a soy-based drink by adding soy protein isolate at concentrations of 3% 4%, 5% and 6% and then taking it to pasteurization, which would help us make a safe drink. Once pasteurized, tests were placed at the temperature of 45 ºC, 60 ºC, 65 ºC, and 80 ºC respectively for 48 hours to see a change in the properties in the beverages and calculate the gelling curve of each concentration with each temperature. To see the change generated before and after the temperature, viscosity measures were taken, which will help us to have a clearer change from what happens to the isolated soy protein. Curves and kinetic parameters were obtained by making significant differences mainly at a higher temperature and at high concentration, I have even suspended particles forming a gel type in the drink.

The use of soy protein isolate in meatballs and its effect on the quality and shelf life of the product

Beef meatballs are in great demand by the public because of their non- porous texture, juicy, and chewy characteristics, as well as their ability to be stable at cooking temperatures with a long shelf life. The use of Isolated Soy Protein (ISP) shapes the character of meatballs because of its functional properties, including good water holding capacity and emulsion stability formation in a mixture of processed meat products. This research aims to technically determine the multiple emulsion properties of ISP at doses of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 8% and obtain a meatball formulation with a long shelf life that suits the target consumer. The tests include the ISP emulsification, meatball peel formation, product stability, Arrhenius shelf life method, and the sensory evaluation of the hedonic test. Subsequently, data were processed in a completely randomized 1x5 and a 4x3 factorial design using SPSS. The emulsification properties of ISP were determined by producing OE (Oil Emulsion) and PG (Purine Gel). Furthermore, ISP was discovered to change the percentage of meat consumed by approximately 2% as the characteristics of meatball products desired by consumers were achieved. The best formulation of meatballs was achieved with 2% dry ISP in the first mixing and was conducted at a boiling point of 65°C

Kajian Pengaruh Rasio ISP (Isolated Soy Protein) dan Tepung Tapioka terhadap Kualitas Fisik, Kimia dan Sensori Cilok Kering

The ratio of tapioca and ISP to dry Cilok in this research used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of one factor with five levels of the ratio of tapioca and ISP with treatment (I1) 100: 0 percent, (I2) 80: 20 percent, (I3) 70: 30 percent, (I4) 60: 40 percent (I5) 50: 50 percent and was repeated three times. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the ISP's ratio and tapioca to physical tests including texture and color, chemical tests including moisture, protein and starch, sensory tests including texture, color, and aroma, and the dried cilok after rehydrated including texture, color, taste, and aroma, and determine the best rehydration time of dried cilok. The ratio of tapioca and ISP to dry Cilok did not have a significant effect on water content, but significantly affected protein and starch levels. The ratio of tapioca and ISP to dried Cilok significantly affected the physical properties of color (brightness, redness, and yellowness). The ratio of tapioca and ISP to dried Cilok after rehydration has a significant effect on the physical properties of color (brightness, redness, and yellowness). The results of the hedonic test of color, aroma, and texture of dried cilok is the most favorite value with treatment 70 percent: 30 percent. The results of color hedonic test of dried Cilok after being rehydrated is the most favorite value at 50 percent: 50 percent treatment. Aroma and taste are the most favorite value at 100 percent: 0 percent. Texture has the most favorite value in the treatment 70 percent: 30 percent. The best rehydration time for dried Cilok is soaking for 6 hours and boiling for 10 minutes. Cilok kering rasio tepung tapioka dan ISP (Isolated Soy Protein) dalam penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari satu faktor dengan lima level yaitu rasio tepung tapioka dan ISP dengan perlakuan (I1) 100:0 persen, (I2) 80: 20 persen, (I3) 70: 30 persen, (I4) 60: 40 persen (I5) 50:50 persen dan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio ISP dan tepung tapioka terhadap uji fisik meliputi tekstur dan warna, uji kimia meliputi kadar air, kadar protein dan kadar pati, uji sensoris Cilok kering meliputi tekstur, warna dan aroma, serta Cilok kering setelah direhidrasi meliputi tekstur, warna, rasa dan aroma, serta menentukan waktu rehidrasi Cilok kering yang terbaik. Rasio tepung tapioka dan ISP pada Cilok kering tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap kadar air, tetapi berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar protein dan pati. Rasio tepung tapioka dan ISP pada Cilok kering berpengaruh nyata terhadap sifat fisik warna (tingkat kecerahan, kemerahan dan kekuningan). Rasio tepung tapioka dan ISP pada Cilok kering setelah direhidrasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap sifat fisik warna (tingkat kecerahan, kemerahan dan kekuningan). Tingkat kesukaan warna, aroma dan tekstur Cilok kering memiliki nilai kesukaan tertinggi pada perlakuan 70 persen:30 persen. Tingkat kesukaan warna Cilok kering setelah direhidrasi memiliki tingkat kesukaan tertinggi pada perlakuan 50 persen:50 persen. Aroma dan rasa memiliki tingkat kesukaan tertinggi pada perlakuan 100 persen: 0 persen. Tekstur memiliki tingkat kesukaan tertinggi pada perlakuan 70 persen: 30 persen. Waktu rehidrasi Cilok kering yang terbaik adalah perendaman selama 6 jam dan perebusan selama 10 menit.