Changes in the plantaris muscle as an indicator of alterations in lean body mass of obese Zucker rats following prolonged energy restriction and subsequent partial recovery

1997 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Bemben ◽  
Allen W. Knehans ◽  
Stephen R. Glore
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Plantaris Muscle ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats

scholarly journals The Effects of Intermittent Fasting Combined with Resistance Training on Lean Body Mass: A Systematic Review of Human Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2349
Author(s):  
Stephen Keenan ◽  
Matthew B. Cooke ◽  
Regina Belski
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

Diets utilising intermittent fasting (IF) as a strategic method to manipulate body composition have recently grown in popularity, however, dietary practices involving fasting have also been followed for centuries for religious reasons (i.e., Ramadan). Regardless of the reasons for engaging in IF, the impacts on lean body mass (LBM) may be detrimental. Previous research has demonstrated that resistance training promotes LBM accrual, however, whether this still occurs during IF is unclear. Therefore, the objective of this review is to systematically analyse human studies investigating the effects of variations of IF combined with resistance training on changes in LBM in previously sedentary or trained (non-elite) individuals. Changes in body weight and fat mass, and protocol adherence were assessed as a secondary objective. This review followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed and SportDiscus databases were searched for articles investigating IF, combined with resistance training that reported measures of body composition. Eight studies met the eligibility criteria. LBM was generally maintained, while one study reported a significant increase in LBM. Body fat mass or percentage was significantly reduced in five of eight studies. Results suggest that IF paired with resistance training generally maintains LBM, and can also promote fat loss. Future research should examine longer-term effects of various forms of IF combined with resistance training compared to traditional forms of energy restriction. Prospero registration CRD42018103867.

Is It Possible To Maintain Lean Body Mass And Performance During Energy-restriction In Elite Athletes?

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Garthe ◽  
Truls Raastad ◽  
Per Egil Refsnes ◽  
Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
And Performance

Comparison of body mass, food intake and plasma constituents in lean and obese Zucker rats under cold acclimation and deacclimation

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiki Hori ◽  
Kazuko Hori ◽  
Mitsuharu Kaya ◽  
Tohru Ishigaki ◽  
Katsuhiro Koyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats

scholarly journals A hypoenergetic diet with decreased protein intake does not reduce lean body mass in trained females

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice G. Pearson ◽  
Lee Alexander ◽  
Oliver C. Witard ◽  
Thomas E. Coughlin ◽  
Kevin D. Tipton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Dietary Condition ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Increasing protein intake during energy restriction (ER) attenuates lean body mass (LBM) loss in trained males. However, whether this relationship exists in trained females is unknown. This study examined the impact of higher compared to lower protein intakes (35% versus 15% of energy intake) on body composition in trained females during 2 weeks of severe ER. Methods Eighteen well-trained females completed a 1-week energy balanced diet (HD100), followed by a 2-week hypoenergetic (40% ER) diet (HD60). During HD60, participants consumed either a high protein (HP; 35% protein, 15% fat) or lower protein (CON; 15% protein, 35% fat) diet. Body composition, peak power, leg strength, sprint time, and anaerobic endurance were assessed at baseline, pre-HD60, and post-HD60. Results Absolute protein intake was reduced during HD60 in the CON group (from 1.6 to 0.9 g·d·kgBM−1) and maintained in the HP group (~ 1.7 g·d·kgBM−1). CON and HP groups decreased body mass equally during HD60 (− 1.0 ± 1.1 kg; p = 0.026 and − 1.1 ± 0.7 kg; p = 0.002, respectively) and maintained LBM. There were no interactions between time point and dietary condition on exercise performance. Conclusion The preservation of LBM during HD60, irrespective of whether absolute protein intake is maintained or reduced, contrasts with findings in trained males. In trained females, the relationship between absolute protein intake and LBM change during ER warrants further investigation. Future recommendations for protein intake during ER should be expressed relative to body mass, not total energy intake, in trained females.

scholarly journals The Nature of the Ingested Protein Has No Effect on Lean Body Mass During Energy Restriction in Overweight Rats

Obesity ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange Adechian ◽  
Didier Rémond ◽  
Claire Gaudichon ◽  
Dominique Dardevet ◽  
Laurent Mosoni
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Energy Restriction

scholarly journals Effects of Prolonged Energy Restriction and Dietary Protein on Muscle Protein Synthesis and Proteome Dynamics in Obese Zucker Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 670-670
Author(s):  
Alyssa Varanoske ◽  
Stephen Hennigar ◽  
Lee Margolis ◽  
Claire Berryman ◽  
Mahalakshmi Shankaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Muscle Proteins ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats ◽  
Absolute Synthesis

Abstract Objectives High protein (HP) diets during short-term energy restriction (ER) attenuate energy-mediated reductions in muscle protein synthesis (MPS). MPS-adaptive responses to HP diets during prolonged ER are not well described. This study examined the effects of prolonged ER and HP on MPS and the synthesis rates of numerous individual muscle proteins. Methods Female 6-wk-old obese Zucker (leprfa+/fa+, n = 48) rats were randomized to one of four diet groups for 10 weeks: ad libitum-standard protein (AL-SP; 14% protein), AL-HP (35% protein), ER-SP, and ER-HP (both fed 60% of intake of AL-SP). At the start of week 10, D2O was administered by intraperitoneal injection and isotopic equilibrium was maintained daily by providing D2O in drinking water. Rats were euthanized after 1 week of labeling, and mixed-MPS (gastrocnemius), absolute mixed-MPS (mixed-MPS x muscle protein content), proteome dynamics, and protein half-lives [rate/d (k) = –ln(1-f)/d, where f is mixed-MPS and t is time in days; t1/2 (days) = ln(2)/k] were quantified. Results Mixed-MPS was not altered by energy status and protein intake. Gastrocnemius mass was lower (P < 0.001) in ER-fed rats than AL-fed rats and higher (P = 0.034) for AL-HP than AL-SP. As a result, absolute mixed-MPS was lower (P < 0.005) in ER than AL, regardless of dietary protein. Absolute synthesis in 24 of 26 myofibrillar, 32 of 61 mitochondrial, and 55 of 60 cytoplasmic measured proteins were lower in ER than AL (P < 0.05), regardless of dietary protein. The difference in absolute synthesis of myofibrillar, mitochondrial, and cytoplasmic proteins due to ER compared to AL was 28%, 16%, and 27%, respectively. Comparison of HP and SP within each energy state revealed lower turnover rates and prolonged half-lives for a majority of measured muscle proteins in HP than in SP in both ER and AL conditions (P < 0.001). Conclusions Prolonged ER in obese Zucker rats exerted a strong suppressive effect on myofibrillar, mitochondrial, and cytoplasmic MPS, suggesting reduced protein accretion contributed to lower gastrocnemius mass in ER-fed rats. Lower turnover rates of most muscle proteins in HP-fed rats without reductions in protein pool size (i.e., tissue mass) suggests prolonged HP intake, independent of energy, may prolong muscle protein lifespan of in obese Zucker rats. Funding Sources Supported by USAMRDC; authors’ views not official U.S. Army or DoD policy.

Corrigendum to “Comparison of body mass, food intake and plasma constituents in lean and obese Zucker rats under cold acclimation and deacclimation”

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 363-364
Author(s):  
Seiki Hori ◽  
Kazuko Hori ◽  
Mitsuharu Kaya ◽  
Tohru Ishigaki ◽  
Katsuhiro Koyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats

scholarly journals Energy Restriction Decreases Triglyceride Turnover in Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue, but Has No Effect on Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis in Obese Zucker Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 620-620
Author(s):  
M Alan Dawson ◽  
Stephen Hennigar ◽  
James McClung ◽  
Mahalakshmi Shankaran ◽  
Edna Nyangau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Protein Diets

Abstract Objectives Obesity is associated with increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and altered triglyceride (TG) turnover. A previous trial in male Sprague Dawley rats demonstrated that both energy restriction and higher protein diets downregulate hepatic DNL. It is unknown whether energy restriction and higher protein diets alter kinetic measures of lipid metabolism in obese rodents. The present study examined the effects of energy restriction and dietary protein content on tissue-specific lipid kinetics in obese Zucker rats. Methods Six-week-old female obese Zucker rats (Leprfa+/fa+; n = 48) were randomized into one of four groups: ad libitum (AL) standard AIN-93 M diet (14% protein, 9% fat, 3 mg cholesterol/100 g feed), 60% energy-restricted (ER) diet, ad libitum high protein (AL + PRO) modified AIN-93 M diet (35% protein, 9% fat, 7.2 mg cholesterol/100 g feed), or a 60% energy-restricted high protein (ER + PRO) diet. Using 2H2O labeling and mass isotopomer distribution analysis, DNL, TG turnover, and de novo cholesterol synthesis were measured in hepatic, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) after 10 weeks of feeding. Two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey pair-wise comparisons were performed. Results Energy restriction, independent of protein content, resulted in less body mass gain (main effect, P < 0.05), although there were no differences in body fat % (ER: 50.8 ± 2.8%, ER + PRO: 50.5 ± 3.7%, AL: 47.3 ± 5.3%, AL + PRO: 50.0 ± 5.3%; P > 0.05). Energy restriction decreased TG turnover in SAT and VAT (main effect, P < 0.05), increased the contribution from DNL versus other sources to newly deposited TG in VAT (P < 0.01), did not change total DNL in VAT or liver (P > 0.05) but reduced DNL in SAT (P < 0.01), and increased hepatic, SAT, and VAT de novo cholesterol synthesis (P < 0.01). Dietary protein had no effect on lipid kinetics. Conclusions In obese Zucker rats, hepatic DNL was not altered by energy restriction or higher protein feeding. However, energy restriction did decrease TG turnover in SAT and VAT. In a leptin-deficient rodent model of obesity, energy restriction had differential effects on various measures of lipid metabolism. Funding Sources DMRP/USAMRDC. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy of the Army, DoD, or U.S. Government.

Short-Term Dietary Energy Restriction Reduces Lean Body Mass but Not Performance in Physically Active Men and Women

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Zachwieja ◽  
D. M. Ezell ◽  
A. D. Cline ◽  
J. C. Ricketts ◽  
P. C. Vicknair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dietary Energy Restriction
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