Plastids of three Cuscuta species differing in plastid coding capacity have a common parasite-specific RNA composition

Planta ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Berg ◽  
Karin Krupinska ◽  
Kirsten Krause
Keyword(s):  
Coding Capacity ◽  
Common Parasite ◽  
Cuscuta Species

Dipetalonema reconditum (Grassi, 1889) from the Dog with a Note on its Development in the Flea, Ctenocephalides felis and the Louse, Heterodoxus spiniger

1962 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Ctenocephalides Felis ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Fascial Spaces ◽  
Common Parasite

1.In Kenya Dipetalonema reconditum is a common parasite of dogs, jackals and hyaenas. Usually microfilarial densities in the blood are very low. The adult worms are small; they can be detected at autopsy by searching the subcutaneous fascial spaces with a dissecting microscope.2.The morphology of the adult worms is described and illustrated. The adults and microfilariae are readily distinguished from other species found in dogs in East Africa.3.The main intermediate host of D. reconditum in dogs in Kenya is the flea Ctenocephalides felis. If fleas are kept on dogs for more than a week they can be used for xenodiagnosis to detect very low density infections.4.The infective larvae have a characteristic caudal morphology with three terminal projections. They are very similar to the infective larvae of D. arbuta, D. vite and D. manson-bahri.

scholarly journals Genomic Sequence of Rhesus Cytomegalovirus 180.92: Insights into the Coding Potential of Rhesus Cytomegalovirus

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 4179-4182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Rivailler ◽  
Amitinder Kaur ◽  
R. Paul Johnson ◽  
Fred Wang
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Rhesus Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Human Cmv ◽  
Coding Capacity ◽  
Coding Potential ◽  
Reading Frames ◽  
Genetic Rearrangements

ABSTRACT A pathogenic isolate of rhesus cytomegalovirus (rhCMV 180.92) was cloned, sequenced, and annotated. Comparisons with the published rhCMV 68.1 genome revealed 8 open reading frames (ORFs) in isolate 180.92 that are absent in 68.1, 10 ORFs in 68.1 that are absent in 180.92, and 34 additional ORFs that were not previously annotated. Most of the differences appear to be due to genetic rearrangements in both isolates from a region that is frequently altered in human CMV (hCMV) during in vitro passage. These results indicate that the rhCMV ORF repertoire is larger than previously recognized. Like hCMV, understanding of the complete coding capacity of rhCMV is complicated by genomic instability and may require comparisons with additional isolates in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals Schizosaccharomyces pombe map3+ encodes the putative M-factor receptor.

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Tanaka ◽  
J Davey ◽  
Y Imai ◽  
M Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Nitrogen Starvation ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Mating Pheromone ◽  
Pheromone Signaling ◽  
P Factor ◽  
Coding Capacity

A defect in the map3 gene of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe causes h+ mating-type-specific sterility. This gene was cloned by complementation. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that it has a coding capacity of 365 amino acids. The deduced map3 gene product is a putative seven-transmembrane protein and has 20.0% amino acid identity with the a-factor receptor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, encoded by STE3. It is also homologous with the Ustilago maydis mating pheromone receptors. The map3 gene is expressed in h+ cells but not in h- cells, and the transcripts are induced in response to nitrogen starvation. h+ cells defective in map3 do not respond to purified M-factor. When map3 is expressed ectopically in h- cells, they apparently acquire the ability to respond to the M-factor produced by themselves. The gpa1 gene, which encodes the alpha-subunit of a G-protein presumed to couple with the mating pheromone receptors, is essential for this function of map3. These observations strongly suggest that map3 encodes the M-factor receptor. Furthermore, this study provides strong support for the notion that pheromone signaling is essential for initiation of meiosis in S. pombe and that either M-factor signaling or P-factor signaling alone is sufficient.

scholarly journals Disseminated toxoplasmosis with atypical symptoms which developed with exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus

Lupus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Furuya ◽  
K. Ikeda ◽  
K. Iida ◽  
K. Suzuki ◽  
S. Furuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Toxoplasmic Encephalitis ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Atypical Symptoms ◽  
Hematopoietic Transplantation ◽  
Isolated Lung ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Common Parasite

Toxoplasma is a common parasite worldwide that mainly affects the brain, lungs and eyes. Although toxoplasmic encephalitis is a lethal disease without treatment, past case reports show most patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who developed toxoplasmic encephalitis were misdiagnosed and treated as neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus, which led to unfavorable outcomes. We herein describe a case of disseminated toxoplasmosis affecting all the above organs with atypical symptoms, which developed with exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus. She had initially manifested with retinochoroiditis without vitritis, mild cognitive impairment and an isolated lung mass. These are completely different from the classic symptoms of toxoplasmosis that have been reported in patients with HIV infection and/or those after hematopoietic transplantation. Our case, together with previously reported cases, suggests the manifestation of toxoplasmosis that develops in systemic lupus erythematosus patients can be different from that seen in conventional cases and varies between individual patients. Our case highlights both the difficulty in and the importance of diagnosing toxoplasmosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and provides helpful information to identify this rare, devastating, yet treatable disease.

scholarly journals The intron-containing gene for yeast profilin (PFY) encodes a vital function

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5108-5115
Author(s):  
V Magdolen ◽  
U Oechsner ◽  
G Müller ◽  
W Bandlow
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Cell ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Tetrad Analysis ◽  
Vital Function ◽  
Primary Transcript ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Gene Maps ◽  
Coding Capacity

The gene coding for profilin (PFY), an actin-binding protein, occurs as a single copy in the haploid genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is required for spore germination and cell viability. Displacement of one gene copy in a diploid cell by a nonfunctional allele is recessively lethal: tetrad analysis yields only two viable spores per ascus. The PFY gene maps on chromosome XV and is linked to the ADE2 marker. The primary transcript of about 1,000 bases contains an intron of 209 bases and is spliced into a messenger of about 750 bases. The intron was identified by comparison with a cDNA clone, which also revealed the 3' end of the transcript. The 5' end of the mRNA was mapped by primer elongation. The gene is transcribed constitutively and has a coding capacity for a protein of 126 amino acids. The deduced molecular weight of

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITE IN CATTLE OF BANKE DISTRICT OF NEPAL IN DIFFERENT SEASONS AND BREEDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-16
Author(s):  
Saroj Regmi ◽  
Sujata Aryal ◽  
Mandeep Pokhrel ◽  
Utsav Lamichhane
Keyword(s):  
Summer Season ◽  
Statistical Relationship ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasite ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Sedimentation Technique ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Common Parasite

Paramphistomum and Fasciola are the most common parasite found in the gastrointestine of the cattle in the terai region of Nepal. The parasite resides in the gut and feed there, resulting in the nutrition deficit for the cattle. A study was conducted in Kohalpur, Banke of Nepal to study the seasonal and breed-wise prevalence of the gastrointestinal parasite in cattle. A total of 156 fecal samples were analyzed, out of which 79 samples were collected in summer and 77 samples were collected in winter. Out of total samples 108 were brought to the clinic and 48 samples were collected directly from the rumen of the cattle. Sedimentation technique for recovering the larva and egg of parasite was performed. Five slides were prepared from each sample and was observed under the microscope for eggs and larva. The result showed that the prevalence was 36.71% in the summer and it was 16.88% in the winter. The statistical relationship showed that the prevalence gastrointestinal parasite in cattle was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the summer season. Likewise, the prevalence was 11.86% in the Jersey breed and 36.08% in the Jersey cross breed. And the statistical relationship also showed that the gastrointestinal prevalence in Jersey cross breed was significantly (P<0.05) higher than Jersey breed.

scholarly journals Occurrence of neoxanthin and lutein epoxide cycle in parasitic Cuscuta species.

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Kruk ◽  
Renata Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
High Light ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Strong Light ◽  
Zeaxanthin Epoxidase ◽  
Typical Response ◽  
Cuscuta Species

In the present study, xanthophyll composition of eight parasitic Cuscuta species under different light conditions was investigated. Neoxanthin was not detected in four of the eight species examined, while in others it occurred at the level of several percent of total xanthophylls. In C. gronovii and C. lupuliformis it was additionally found that the neoxanthin content was considerably stimulated by strong light. In dark-adapted plants, lutein epoxide level amounted to 10-22% of total xanthophylls in only three species, the highest being for C. lupuliformis, while in others it was below 3%, indicating that the lutein epoxide cycle is limited to only certain Cuscuta species. The obtained data also indicate that the presence of the lutein epoxide cycle and of neoxanthin is independent and variable among the Cuscuta species. The xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin were identified in all the examined species and occurred at the level found in other higher plants. The xanthophyll and lutein epoxide cycle pigments showed typical response to high light stress. The obtained results also suggest that the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme.

scholarly journals TAXONOMIC NOTES ON FEATHER MITE SPECIES (ACARIFORMES: ANALGOIDEA) DESCRIBED BY ADOLF EDUARD GRUBE

Acarina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Mironov ◽  
Fabio A. Hernandes
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Pica Pica ◽  
Pandion Haliaetus ◽  
Calidris Alpina ◽  
Feather Mite ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
Common Parasite

The study presents the results of our re-investigation of feather mite species described by A.  E. Grube in 1859 in the genus Dermaleichus Koch, 1841. Grube’s paper has been overlooked by most of the 19th and 20th century acarologists. Based on the study of the syntypes of four Dermaleichus species described by the above author, we provide taxonomic comments on them and new synonymies. We conclude the names of three species are valid (senior) synonyms, while one name is a junior synonym. Alloptes (Alloptes) tringae (Grube, 1859) comb. n. (Alloptidae) from Calidris alpina (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae) is a new senior synonym of Alloptes (s. str.) crassipes (Canestrini, 1878) syn. n.; Analges tergisetis (Grube, 1859) comb. n. (Analgidae) from Pica pica (Passeriformes: Corvidae) is a new senior synonym of Analges corvinus Robin, 1877 syn. n.; Picalgoides caudilobus (Grube, 1959) comb. n. (Psoroptoididae) from Dendrocoptes medius (Piciformes: Picidae) is an older synonym of Dermaleichus picimajoris Buchholz, 1869, D. picipubescentis Packard, 1869, Analges serratilobus Giebel, 1871 and Analges socialis Robin, 1877 (synonymized by Oudemans in 1939, but overlooked by subsequent researchers). Dermaleichus albicillae Grube, 1859 syn. n. from Haliaeetus albicilla (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae) is a junior synonym of Pandionacarus fuscus (Nitzsch, 1818) (Avenzoariidae), a common parasite of Pandion haliaetus (Accipitriformes: Pandionidae).

scholarly journals Effects of Dopamine Depletion on Network Entropy in the External Globus Pallidus

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 1092-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana V. Cruz ◽  
Nicolas Mallet ◽  
Peter J. Magill ◽  
Peter Brown ◽  
Bruno B. Averbeck
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Dopamine Depletion ◽  
Information Coding ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Network Entropy ◽  
Coding Capacity

Dopamine depletion in cortical-basal ganglia circuits in Parkinson's disease (PD) grossly disturbs movement and cognition. Classic models relate Parkinsonian dysfunction to changes in firing rates of basal ganglia neurons. However, disturbances in other dynamics of neural activity are also common. Taking both inappropriate firing rates and other dynamics into account and determining how changes in the properties of these neural circuits that occur during PD impact on information coding are thus imperative. Here, we examined in vivo network dynamics in the external globus pallidus (GPe) of rats before and after chronic dopamine depletion. Dopamine depletion led to decreases in the firing rates of GPe neurons and increases in synchronized network oscillations in the β frequency (13–30 Hz) band. Using logistic regression models, we determined the combined and separate impacts of these factors on network entropy, a measure of the upper bound of information coding capacity. Importantly, changes in these features in dopamine-depleted rats led to a significant decrease in GPe network entropy. Changes in firing rates had the largest impact on entropy, with changes in synchrony also decreasing entropy at the network level. Changes in autocorrelations tended to offset these effects because autocorrelations decreased entropy more in the control animals. Thus it is possible that reduced information coding capacity within basal ganglia networks may contribute to the behavioral deficits accompanying PD.

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