Production of petaloid phenotype in the reproductive organs of compound flowerheads by the co-suppression of class-C genes in hexaploid Chrysanthemum morifolium

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 253 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsutomo Sasaki ◽  
Satoshi Yoshioka ◽  
Ryutaro Aida ◽  
Norihiro Ohtsubo
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Class C

scholarly journals Interactions between WUSCHEL- and CYC2-like Transcription Factors in Regulating the Development of Reproductive Organs in Chrysanthemum morifolium

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yang ◽  
Ming Sun ◽  
Cunquan Yuan ◽  
Yu Han ◽  
Tangchun Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Sexual System ◽  
Organ Differentiation ◽  
Flower Symmetry ◽  
And Bisexual

Chrysanthemum morifolium is a gynomonoecious plant that bears both female zygomorphic ray florets and bisexual actinomorphic disc florets in the inflorescence. This sexual system is quite prevalent in Asteraceae, but poorly understood. CYCLOIDEA (CYC) 2 subclade transcription factors, key regulators of flower symmetry and floret identity in Asteraceae, have also been speculated to function in reproductive organs and could be an entry point for studying gynomonoecy. However, the molecular mechanism is still unclear. On the other hand, the Arabidopsis WUSCHEL (WUS) transcription factor has been proven to play a vital role in the development of reproductive organs. Here, a WUS homologue (CmWUS) in C. morifolium was isolated and characterized. Overexpression of CmWUS in A. thaliana led to shorter siliques and fewer stamens, which was similar to CYC2-like genes reported before. In addition, both CmWUS and CmCYC2 were highly expressed in flower buds during floral organ differentiation and in the reproductive organs at later development stages, indicating their involvement in the development of reproductive organs. Moreover, CmWUS could directly interact with CmCYC2d. Thus, our data suggest a collaboration between CmWUS and CmCYC2 in the regulation of reproductive organ development in chrysanthemum and will contribute to a further understanding of the gynomonoecious sexual system in Asteraceae.

Ultrastructural aspects of gymnosperms reproductive organs tissues due to their functional condition

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
G. M. Kozubov
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Complicated Structure ◽  
Tetrad Stage ◽  
Ubisch Bodies ◽  
Similar Organization ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs ◽  
High Metabolic Activity

The ultrastructure of reproductive organs of pine, spruce, larch and ginkgo was investigated. It was found that the male reproductive organs possess similar organization. The most considerable change in the ultrastructure of the microsporocytes occur in meiosis. Sporoderm is being laid at the late tetrad stage. The cells of the male gameto-phyte are distinguished according to the metabolic activity of the or- ganells. They are most weakly developed in the spermiogenic cell. Ta-petum of the gymnosperms is of the periplasmodic - secretorial type. The Ubisch bodies which possess similar structure in the types investigated but are specific in details in different species are produced in tapetum.Parietal and subepidermal layers are distinguished for their high metabolic activity and are capable of the autonomous photosynthesis. Female reproductive organs differ more greatly in their struture and have the most complicated structure in primitive groups. On the first stages of their formation the inner cells of nucellus are transformed into the nucellar tapetum in which the structures similar to the Ubisch bodies taking part in the formation of the sporoderm of female gametophyte have been found.

Pelvic Impairments

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-10
Author(s):  
James Talmage ◽  
Jay Blaisdell
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Ring ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Pelvic Fractures ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Impact Event ◽  
Concomitant Injuries ◽  
Rating Process ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
A Minor

Abstract Pelvic fractures are relatively uncommon, and in workers’ compensation most pelvic fractures are the result of an acute, high-impact event such as a fall from a roof or an automobile collision. A person with osteoporosis may sustain a pelvic fracture from a lower-impact injury such as a minor fall. Further, major parts of the bladder, bowel, reproductive organs, nerves, and blood vessels pass through the pelvic ring, and traumatic pelvic fractures that result from a high-impact event often coincide with damaged organs, significant bleeding, and sensory and motor dysfunction. Following are the steps in the rating process: 1) assign the diagnosis and impairment class for the pelvis; 2) assign the functional history, physical examination, and clinical studies grade modifiers; and 3) apply the net adjustment formula. Because pelvic fractures are so uncommon, raters may be less familiar with the rating process for these types of injuries. The diagnosis-based methodology for rating pelvic fractures is consistent with the process used to rate other musculoskeletal impairments. Evaluators must base the rating on reliable data when the patient is at maximum medical impairment and must assess possible impairment from concomitant injuries.

Surgical Management of Class C and D Glomus Jugulare Tumors: Fisch Infratemporal Fossa Type A Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Xia ◽  
Yubin Xue ◽  
Ting Ye ◽  
Xiaopeng Qu ◽  
Xukun Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Management ◽  
Infratemporal Fossa ◽  
Type A ◽  
Glomus Jugulare ◽  
Class C

PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE PINEAL GLAND IN ANDROGEN-STERILIZED FEMALE RATS

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russel J. Reiter
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Light Deprivation ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Androgen Treatment ◽  
Postnatal Treatment ◽  
Cervical Ganglia

ABSTRACT The influence of early androgen treatment, light deprivation (by blinding), pinealectomy and superior cervical ganglionectomy on the reproductive system of female rats was tested. Early postnatal treatment of rats with testosterone propionate caused adult rats to exhibit the characteristic signs of androgen sterilization; these included polyfollicular ovaries, normal-sized uteri and persistent vaginal cornification. If early androgentreated rats also were blinded the ovaries were smaller in size and contained fewer follicles, the uteri were greatly reduced in size and the incidence of vaginal oestrus was decreased by approximately 50% If in addition to blinding, androgen-sterilized animals were subjected to either removal of the pineal gland or superior cervical ganglia, the reproductive organs and the vaginal smears were indistinguishable from those of testosterone-treated rats with eyes. These data indicate that the inhibitory influence of blinding on the pituitary-ovarian axis was mediated through the sympathetic nervous system and the pineal gland. The restraining influence of light deprivation on the growth of the reproductive organs was not permanent as illustrated by the fact that if these animals were kept to 120 days of age the ovaries and uteri grew to the same level as those of pinealectomized control rats.

Intrauterine development, functions and diseases of male reproductive organs

2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (39) ◽  
pp. 1573-1579
Author(s):  
Ákos Jakobovits ◽  
Antal Jakobovits
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Male Reproductive Organs

A szerzők a központi idegrendszer, a tesztoszteron és származékainak szerepét tárgyalják a férfi nemi szervek méhen belüli fejlődésében. A férfi személyiségét meghatározó jellegzetességek először az emberi fejlődés magzati stádiumában jelentkeznek. Ezek kialakulása a gyermekkorban folytatódik. Pubertás után ezek növekvő mértékben válnak nyilvánvalóvá, és az egyén élete folyamán túlsúlyban maradnak. Az említett folyamatok mind a férfias fenotípust, mind a férfias magatartást befolyásolják. A tesztoszteron és származékai kontrollálják a férfi nemi szervek fejlődését. Hiányuk a női nemi jellegzetességek túlsúlyához vezet, a férfi nemi kromoszómakép ellenére. E jelenségek típusos példája a testicularis feminisatio klinikai képe. Jelen tanulmány különleges figyelmet szentel a reprodukciós szervek azon rendellenességeinek, amelyek a magzatokban ultrahanggal azonosíthatók. Ezen anomáliák legtöbbje antenatalisan hatásosan nem kezelhető. Azok a rendellenességek, amelyek a méhen kívüli életben sem gyógyíthatók, a terhességmegszakítás javallatát képezhetik, amennyiben ultrahangvizsgálattal a kora terhességben kimutathatók. Orv. Hetil., 2010, 39, 1573–1579.

Features hormonal hemostasis in patients with benign hyper-plastic processes of breasts

2016 ◽  
pp. 72-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Makarenko ◽  
◽  
D. Govsieiev ◽  
O. Gromova ◽  
L. Martynova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Breast Diseases ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Morphological Investigation ◽  
Fibrocystic Disease ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pelvic Organs ◽  
Hormone Research ◽  
Gynecological Diseases

The objective: to study the incidence of gynecological diseases, clinical and hormonal parameters of the menstrual cycle in patients with benign hyper-plastic processes of breasts. Patients and methods. 65 women with various forms of mastitis were investigated. The following investigations were conducted: mammologistic and gynecological investigation, mommologistic X-ray investigation, ultrasound of breasts and of the pelvic organs, endometrial aspiration biopsy that was followed by cytology; when it was necessary the diagnostic laparoscopy, colposcopy, hysteroscope with curettage and morphological investigation of the endometrium, hormone research and rectal temperature measurements were conducted. Results. The frequency of the benign breast diseases was set: fibrocystic disease of breast – 32 women (49.2±6.20%), fibrous of breast – 16 women (24.6±5.34%), nodular of breasts – 8 women (12.3±4.07%), fibroadenoma – 6 women (9.2±3.59%), nodular disease of breasts on the background of fibroid changes – 3 women (4.6±2.60%). All in all, 96.9±2.14% of the patients had any gynecological diseases. Thus, the average age of the ‘debut’ of mastitis was 31.4±1.09 years; the hyper-plastic processes in the uterus was 35.2±1.17 years. Anovulation was detected in 17 (47.2±8.3%) patients, the lack of the luteal phase (NLF) was detected in 11 (30.6±7.6) patients. Conclusions. Identified hormonal changes are typical for patients with the hyper-plastic processes of the reproductive organs with different localization (breasts, uterus, ovaries). Due to the commonality of the hormone changes in most cases mastitis is combined with the various gynecological diseases (96.9±2.14%). Key words: gynecological pathology, hormonal changes, breast, factors of risk.

Morphological features of endo- and myometrium in patients with uterine leiomyoma and infertility

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
M.A. Flaksenberg ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Leiomyoma ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Simple Type ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Blastocyst Implantation

The objective: determination of morphofunctional features of leiomatous nodes and endometrium in women with uterine leiomyoma and infertility to restore reproductive function and prevent recurrence of the underlying disease. Materials and methods. In order to restore reproductive function and prevent recurrence of the underlying disease, morphofunctional features of leiomatous nodes and endometrium in women with uterine leiomyoma and infertility were determined. Thirty samples of leiomyomatous nodes and endometrium were examined, among which 15 were obtained from women with multiple uterine leiomyoma and infertility and 15 samples from women with uterine leiomyoma with isolated uterine leiomyoma. During the study, a general-histological method was used for staining with hematoxylin-eosin and picrofuxin by van Gizon, as well as immunohistochemical methods. Histological examination of the endometrium was performed according to conventional protocol, taking into account the day of the menstrual cycle and R.W. Noyes criteria. Results. In the morphological examination of leiomyomatous nodes in the vast majority of cases the presence of uterine leiomyomas of simple and cell types or their combination was established. In women with multiple uterine leiomyoma, simple-type leiomyoma (53.3%) was predominant, and in patients with isolated leiomyoma the signs of cellular uterine leiomyoma (66.7%) were more frequently found. In 80.0% of women with uterine leiomyoma revealed pathology of the endometrium, such as glandular and glandular-fibrous polyps, simple and complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia, which confirms the theory about the only pathogenetic mechanisms of the emergence of hyperplastic processes of female organs. In 66.7% of women with multiple leiomyomas, signs of chronic endometritis have been found, which exacerbates the pathological process and can have a negative impact on the reproductive function, such as secretory endometrial transformation and impaired blastocyst implantation, and explains a much higher percentage of infertility in the group. Conclusion. In women with impaired reproductive function, patients with uterine leiomyoma, it is necessary to conduct a study of the receptivity of the reproductive organs, namely - the endometrium and leiomatous nodes. This will make it possible to use one or another method of treatment in order to restore reproductive function and prevent recurrence of the underlying disease. Keywords: infertility, uterine leiomyoma, endometrium, receptive apparatus.

A Constant-Current-Controlled Class-C Voltage-Controlled Oscillator using Self-Adjusting Replica Bias Circuit

2015 ◽  
Vol E98.C (6) ◽  
pp. 471-479
Author(s):  
Teerachot SIRIBURANON ◽  
Wei DENG ◽  
Kenichi OKADA ◽  
Akira MATSUZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Constant Current ◽  
Voltage Controlled Oscillator ◽  
Class C
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