scholarly journals Interactions between WUSCHEL- and CYC2-like Transcription Factors in Regulating the Development of Reproductive Organs in Chrysanthemum morifolium

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yang ◽  
Ming Sun ◽  
Cunquan Yuan ◽  
Yu Han ◽  
Tangchun Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Sexual System ◽  
Organ Differentiation ◽  
Flower Symmetry ◽  
And Bisexual

Chrysanthemum morifolium is a gynomonoecious plant that bears both female zygomorphic ray florets and bisexual actinomorphic disc florets in the inflorescence. This sexual system is quite prevalent in Asteraceae, but poorly understood. CYCLOIDEA (CYC) 2 subclade transcription factors, key regulators of flower symmetry and floret identity in Asteraceae, have also been speculated to function in reproductive organs and could be an entry point for studying gynomonoecy. However, the molecular mechanism is still unclear. On the other hand, the Arabidopsis WUSCHEL (WUS) transcription factor has been proven to play a vital role in the development of reproductive organs. Here, a WUS homologue (CmWUS) in C. morifolium was isolated and characterized. Overexpression of CmWUS in A. thaliana led to shorter siliques and fewer stamens, which was similar to CYC2-like genes reported before. In addition, both CmWUS and CmCYC2 were highly expressed in flower buds during floral organ differentiation and in the reproductive organs at later development stages, indicating their involvement in the development of reproductive organs. Moreover, CmWUS could directly interact with CmCYC2d. Thus, our data suggest a collaboration between CmWUS and CmCYC2 in the regulation of reproductive organ development in chrysanthemum and will contribute to a further understanding of the gynomonoecious sexual system in Asteraceae.

Reproductive Organ Education for Psychic Health Development of Early Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Darwati
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
The Body ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Stage Of Development

Reproductive  health education should be given since early childhood by using language that is adapted to the stage of development. If you procrastinate and wait until the teenager it is already too late because in the days of the digital era, as now, all the information can be easily accessed by anyone including children early age. If the early childhood misinformed about their reproductive organs it would disrupt the physical and psychological development due to the wrong behavior in caring for and maintaining reproductive organs. Qur’an as the holy book of Muslims describes the steps of reproduction and  imparting education wisely as well as how to apply such education. This kind of education must be in accordance with the conditions of children and there should not be a lie about it We can also use media and methods such as pictures, songs, tap or other visual  media which can give clearer information, so that children can clearly see parts of the body, their characteristics, and how to treat and care them. The impropriate approach in conveying this kind of knowledge will be very dangerous for children. The provision of early age reproductive organs education can prevent the occurrence of deviant behavior as well as protect children from dangerous influence in early childhood development.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and expression profiles of ERF subfamily transcription factors in Zea mays

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9551
Author(s):  
Lidong Hao ◽  
Shubing Shi ◽  
Haibin Guo ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Pan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genes Expression

The Ethylene-Response Factor (ERF) subfamily transcription factors (TFs) belong to the APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily and play a vital role in plant growth and development. However, identification and analysis of the ERF subfamily genes in maize have not yet been performed at genome-wide level. In this study, a total of 76 ERF subfamily TFs were identified and were found to be unevenly distributed on the maize chromosomes. These maize ERF (ZmERF) TFs were classified into six groups, namely groups B1 to B6, based on phylogenetic analysis. Synteny analysis showed that 50, 54, and 58 of the ZmERF genes were orthologous to those in rice, Brachypodium, and Sorghum, respectively. Cis-element analysis showed that elements related to plant growth and development, hormones, and abiotic stress were identified in the promoter region of ZmERF genes. Expression profiles suggested that ZmERF genes might participate in plant development and in response to salinity and drought stresses. Our findings lay a foundation and provide clues for understanding the biological functions of ERF TFs in maize.

scholarly journals Spliceosomal Protein Gene BmSPX Regulates Reproductive Organ Development in Bombyx mori

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2579
Author(s):  
Yao Wang ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Qiu-Xing Wan ◽  
Qin Zhao ◽  
Kai-Xuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Organ Development ◽  
Regulatory Factor ◽  
Transgenic Silkworm ◽  
Spliceosomal Protein

Sex determination and differentiation are nearly universal to all eukaryotic organisms, encompassing diverse systems and mechanisms. Here, we identified a spliceosomal protein gene BmSPX involved in sex determination of the lepidopeteran insect, Bombyx mori. In a transgenic silkworm line that overexpressed the BmSPX gene, transgenic silkworm males exhibited differences in their external genitalia compared to wild-type males, but normal internal genitalia. Additionally, transgenic silkworm females exhibited a developmental disorder of the reproductive organs. Upregulation of BmSPX significantly increased the expression levels of sex-determining genes (BmMasc and BmIMP) and reduced the female-type splice isoform of Bmdsx, which is a key switch gene downstream of the sex-determination pathway. Additionally, co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed an interaction between the BmSPX protein and BmPSI, an upstream regulatory factor of Bmdsx. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that BmSPX over-expression upregulated the expression of the Hox gene abdominal-B (Adb-B), which is required for specification of the posterior abdomen, external genitalia, and gonads of insects, as well as the genes in the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) signaling pathway. In conclusion, our study suggested the involvement of BmSPX, identified as a novel regulatory factor, in the sex-determination pathway and regulation of reproductive organ development in silkworms.

scholarly journals Characterization of the imaginal reproductive diapause of Oebalus poecilus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. S. Santos ◽  
L. R. Redaelli ◽  
L. M. G. Diefenbach ◽  
H. P. Romanowski ◽  
H. F. Prando
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Diapause ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
In The Beginning

The state of development of the internal reproductive organs of male and female Oebalus poecilus (Dallas) as well as the body fat amount in the abdominal cavity during hibernation, of individuals sampled in bamboo litter in Eldorado do Sul (30º02'S and 51°23'W), RS, Brazil was investigated. Females and males showed the abdominal cavity filled with body fat in the beginning of the hibernation phase. The decrease in fat reserve level occurred from August on for males and from October on for females. Ovaries and testis doubled in length and tripled in width from immature to the reproductive phase. Male sexual maturation occurred in the hibernation sites while for females it occurred later on outside of the sites. Reproductive organ immaturity and abdominal body fat hypertrophy characterized the diapause of O. poecilus.

scholarly journals Pollination Drop Proteome and Reproductive Organ Transcriptome Comparison in Gnetum Reveals Entomophilous Adaptation

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Hou ◽  
Richard M. K. Saunders ◽  
Nan Deng ◽  
Tao Wan ◽  
Yingjuan Su
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Pollination Syndromes ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Illumina Hiseq Sequencing ◽  
Pollination Drop ◽  
Transcriptome Comparison

Gnetum possesses morphologically bisexual but functionally unisexual reproductive structures that exude sugary pollination drops to attract insects. Previous studies have revealed that the arborescent species (G. gnemon L.) and the lianoid species (G. luofuense C.Y.Cheng) possess different pollination syndromes. This study compared the proteome in the pollination drops of these two species using label-free quantitative techniques. The transcriptomes of fertile reproductive units (FRUs) and sterile reproductive units (SRUs) for each species were furthermore compared using Illumina Hiseq sequencing, and integrated proteomic and transcriptomic analyses were subsequently performed. Our results show that the differentially expressed proteins between FRUs and SRUs were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, the biosynthesis of amino acids and ovule defense. In addition, the differentially expressed genes between the FRUs and SRUs (e.g., MADS-box genes) were engaged in reproductive development and the formation of pollination drops. The integrated protein-transcript analyses revealed that FRUs and their exudates were relatively conservative while the SRUs and their exudates were more diverse, probably functioning as pollinator attractants. The evolution of reproductive organs appears to be synchronized with changes in the pollination drop proteome of Gnetum, suggesting that insect-pollinated adaptations are not restricted to angiosperms but also occur in gymnosperms.

scholarly journals Floral transcriptomes reveal gene networks in pineapple floral growth and fruit development

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Wang ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Xingyue Jin ◽  
Liping Liu ◽  
Xiaozhuan Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Molecular Networks ◽  
Organ Growth ◽  
Petal Development ◽  
Genomic Resource

AbstractProper flower development is essential for sexual reproductive success and the setting of fruits and seeds. The availability of a high quality genome sequence for pineapple makes it an excellent model for studying fruit and floral organ development. In this study, we sequenced 27 different pineapple floral samples and integrated nine published RNA-seq datasets to generate tissue- and stage-specific transcriptomic profiles. Pairwise comparisons and weighted gene co-expression network analysis successfully identified ovule-, stamen-, petal- and fruit-specific modules as well as hub genes involved in ovule, fruit and petal development. In situ hybridization confirmed the enriched expression of six genes in developing ovules and stamens. Mutant characterization and complementation analysis revealed the important role of the subtilase gene AcSBT1.8 in petal development. This work provides an important genomic resource for functional analysis of pineapple floral organ growth and fruit development and sheds light on molecular networks underlying pineapple reproductive organ growth.

Reproductive organ involvement in female patients undergoing radical cystectomy.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 274-274
Author(s):  
Hooman Djaladat ◽  
Eila C. Skinner ◽  
Gus Miranda ◽  
Jie Cai ◽  
Siamak Daneshmand
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Radical Cystectomy ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Organ Involvement ◽  
Palpable Mass ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Female Patients

274 Background: Anterior pelvic exenteration is traditionally the treatment of choice for women with invasive bladder carcinoma. Female reproductive organ involvement is reported to be low, but there is not enough evidence to abandon this part during radical surgery. We evaluated the pathological involvement of reproductive organs (RO) in female patients undergoing radical cystectomy for invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma. Methods: 2,098 patients with bladder cancer underwent cystectomy between 1971 and 2008 at USC, of whom 458 were female. 411 (90%) had urothelial and 47 had non-urothelial bladder cancer. The cohort of female cystectomy patients with pathologic RO involvement is reviewed and their RFS and OS are discussed. Results: In the TCC group, 20 patients (4.8%) had RO involvement by urothelial cancer (UC-RO); 10 (2.5%) had vaginal, 2 (0.5%) cervical and one (0.25%) only uterus involvement with the rest (7) having a combination. In non-UC group, only two (4%) had RO involvement. In the UC-RO cohort, median age was 71 yo (38-89). Only one patient (5%) underwent orthotopic diversion. 19 cases (95%) were high grade TCC. Clinical stage T4a was diagnosed in 25% of cases preoperatively. Associated CIS, multifocality, LVI and histologic type of cancer had no significant correlation with RO involvement. Patients with a palpable mass or hydronephrosis were 5 times more likely to have RO involvement (P<0.001). RO involvement was associated with higher chance of positive lymph nodes (60%) (P=0.001). Three (15%) and seven (35%) patients underwent neo-adjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy respectively. Urethral pathology was positive in 1 patient. 5 (25%) developed local recurrence and 9 (45%) developed distant metastasis at a median follow up of 12.2 yrs (0.1 to 35.5 yrs). Two-year RFS and five-year OS in UC-RO group were both 10%. Conclusions: The risk of RO involvement in female patients undergoing cystectomy for bladder cancer is about 5%, with the vagina being the most commonly involved organ. A palpable mass and/or hydronephrosis are a strong predictor of RO involvement, although other clinical criteria are not predictive.

Climate-induced abortion and predation: reproductive success of the pioneer shrubDillenia suffruticosain Malaysian Borneo

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Tokumoto ◽  
Michiko Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Reproductive Assurance ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
Excess Production ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Insect Predation

Abstract:In South-East Asian tropical plants, the excess production of reproductive organs is believed to be controlled by resource booms. However, the continuously flowering shrubDillenia suffruticosa(Dilleniaceae) is often infested by fruit predators and occasionally produces fruits where mature seeds are absent. These reproductive features may support an alternative hypothesis for excess production of reproductive organs: the reproductive assurance hypothesis. We marked 1190 reproductive organs in 180 inflorescences of 41 plant individuals and examined the relationships among the reproductive organ features and the effects of both climate and predators. During the flower budding stage, the fate of reproductive organs was primary climate-induced. The percentage of flower/fruit abscission increased as the cumulative temperature and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) decreased and the cumulative precipitation increased, supporting the resource boom hypothesis. Insect predation was the most common fate of immature fruits. As PAR increased, the prevalence of insect predation and production of mature seed increased. At a reduced PAR, the production of fruits with many immature seeds could serve as compensatory reproductive organs for insect predators, consistent with the reproductive assurance hypothesis. The excess production of reproductive organs might be a result of adaptation to climate fluctuations in the South-East Asian tropics.

scholarly journals MADS-box genes are involved in floral development and evolution.

2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Saedler ◽  
A Becker ◽  
K U Winter ◽  
C Kirchner ◽  
G Theissen
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Genes ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

MADS-box genes encode transcription factors in all eukaryotic organisms thus far studied. Plant MADS-box proteins contain a DNA-binding (M), an intervening (I), a Keratin-like (K) and a C-terminal C-domain, thus plant MADS-box proteins are of the MIKC type. In higher plants most of the well-characterized genes are involved in floral development. They control the transition from vegetative to generative growth and determine inflorescence meristem identity. They specify floral organ identity as outlined in the ABC model of floral development. Moreover, in Antirrhinum majus the MADS-box gene products DEF/GLO and PLE control cell proliferation in the developing flower bud. In this species the DEF/GLO and the SQUA proteins form a ternary complex which determines the overall "Bauplan" of the flower. Phylogenetic reconstructions of MADS-box sequences obtained from ferns, gymnosperms and higher eudicots reveal that, although ferns possess already MIKC type genes, these are not orthologous to the well characterized MADS-box genes from gymnosperms or angiosperms. Putative orthologs of floral homeotic B- and C-function genes have been identified in different gymnosperms suggesting that these genes evolved some 300-400 million years ago. Both gymnosperms and angiosperms also contain a hitherto unknown sister clade of the B-genes, which we termed Bsister. A novel hypothesis will be described suggesting that B and Bsister might be involved in sex determination of male and female reproductive organs, respectively.

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