scholarly journals On the memory processes underlying conscious deliberation in complex decision making: the role of verbatim and gist memory

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1714-1722
Author(s):  
Marlène Abadie ◽  
Laurent Waroquier
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Complex Decision

scholarly journals The Orbitofrontal Cortex Represents Advantageous Choice in the Iowa Gambling Task

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rujing Zha ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
Meijun Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Binary Choice ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Complex Decision

Abstract A good-based model proposes that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) represents binary choice outcome, i.e., the chosen good. Previous studies have found that the OFC represents the binary choice outcome in decision-making tasks involving commodity type, cost, risk, and delay. Real-life decisions are often complex and involve uncertainty, rewards, and penalties; however, whether the OFC represents binary choice outcomes in a such decision-making situation, e.g., Iowa gambling task (IGT), remains unclear. Here, we propose that the OFC represents binary choice outcome, i.e., advantageous choice versus disadvantageous choice, in the IGT. We propose two hypotheses: first, the activity pattern in the human OFC represents an advantageous choice; and second, choice induces an OFC-related functional network. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and advanced machine learning tools, we found that the OFC represented an advantageous choice in the IGT. The OFC representation of advantageous choice was related to decision-making performance. Choice modulated the functional connectivity between the OFC and the superior medial gyrus. In conclusion, the OFC represents an advantageous choice during the IGT. In the framework of a good-based model, the results extend the role of the OFC to complex decision-making when making a binary choice.

scholarly journals Role of automatic, conscious, and unconscious thought processes in complex decision making

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-52
Author(s):  
Draženka Levačić ◽  
Mario Pandžić ◽  
Dragan Glavaš
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Automatic Processes ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Unconscious Thought ◽  
Conscious Thought ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Complex Decision

A complex decision is any decision which includes choosing among options with numerous describing attributes. Certain decisions are fast, often guided with automatic processes of thought, while other decisions are made much slower with careful examination of all the factors. These processes can have a significant impact on the quality of decision making. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of automatic, conscious and unconscious thought processes in the context of decision making. Participants were psychology students aged between 19 to 28 years. First experiment investigated the role of three different thought processes on choosing a subjectively best option, as well as TTB heuristic option. The second experiment investigated metacognitive aspects of decision making, precisely, to determine the differences in feeling of rightness (FOR) as well as the tendency to change the decision, depending on the activated thought processes. Different thought processes determined the choice of the subjectively best option. In the conscious thought condition, participants chose the subjectively best option more often than in the automatic or unconscious thought condition. However, there was no difference between conditions in choosing the TTB heuristic option. The feeling of rightness was significantly higher in conscious thought condition than in automatic or unconscious thought condition, but the two latter conditions did not differ in the judgment of feeling of rightness nor did they differ in the tendency to change the decision.

scholarly journals Expertise in Complex Decision Making: The Role of Search in Chess 70 Years After de Groot

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1567-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Connors ◽  
Bruce D. Burns ◽  
Guillermo Campitelli
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Complex Decision

Age Differences in Complex Decision Making and Judgment

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-233
Author(s):  
Klara Rydzewska ◽  
Maciej Koscielniak ◽  
Bettina von Helversen ◽  
Grzegorz Sedek
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
And Performance

This chapter discusses age differences in complex decision making and judgment, particularly the role of motivational factors and individual differences. Literature on the influence of age-related changes in cognition and motivation on search and performance in complex decision making is reviewed. The role of financial incentives, need for cognition, and need for cognitive closure is discussed, including the age-related influence of motivational factors on the performance of sequential decision-making tasks. Additionally, the role of feedback as a factor producing superior performance of older adults in a decision-making task is introduced. Moreover, novel research findings regarding connections between intellectual helplessness and information and communication technologies in older adults are presented. Lastly, individual differences in numeracy and intellectual helplessness in mathematics as predictors of age-related differences in performance of multiattribute tasks are described.

Interests as a Component of Adult Course Preferences

2014 ◽  
pp. 1566-1574
Author(s):  
James A. Athanasou
Keyword(s):  
Community College ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Educational Decisions ◽  
Vocational Assessment ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
A Minor

The purpose of this paper is to examine the subliminal role of interest in preferences for 50 courses available at a community college. This is an idiographic study of educational decisions. It employed a sample of situations and a representative design. Four adults participated in an educational-vocational assessment and in the process of providing vocational guidance their course selection was examined using a logistic regression. The intra-rater consistency of choices ranged from 88%-100% for repeated course profiles. Choices varied from 2-11 courses. Results supported a minor role for vocational interest in these course choices. The overall R-squared values were around .281-.764. It was concluded that (a) adult choices did not rely exclusively upon interests; (b) adults used complex decision-making policies; and (c) the policies adopted were idiosyncratic.

An Approach to Development of Decision Support Systems for a Public Sector Administration

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bin Yusoff ◽  
John Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Problem Area ◽  
Uncertain Information ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Development Life Cycle ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Complex Decision

The decision making process in complex domains involves inconsistent, incomplete and uncertain information and a lack of established models or theories. These characteristics influence the nature of approach to be used in the development of any decision aids to support the process. This paper presents an approach adopted in the development of a DSS to support complex decision making in a Public Sector body. The approach incorporates the use of Soft System Methodology (SSM). The role of SSM in Information Systems in general and in the development of DSS in particular is not well understood. This paper attempts to enhance this understanding by presenting the role of SSM in the development life cycle. SSM was found to be useful especially at the initial stage of DSS development, namely in understanding the problem area, as well as in identifying models and information to be used as inputs to the DSS design.

Interests as a Component of Adult Course Preferences

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Athanasou
Keyword(s):  
Community College ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Course Selection ◽  
Educational Decisions ◽  
Vocational Assessment ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
A Minor

The purpose of this paper is to examine the subliminal role of interest in preferences for 50 courses available at a community college. This is an idiographic study of educational decisions. It employed a sample of situations and a representative design. Four adults participated in an educational-vocational assessment and in the process of providing vocational guidance their course selection was examined using a logistic regression. The intra-rater consistency of choices ranged from 88%-100% for repeated course profiles. Choices varied from 2-11 courses. Results supported a minor role for vocational interest in these course choices. The overall R-squared values were around .281-.764. It was concluded that (a) adult choices did not rely exclusively upon interests; (b) adults used complex decision-making policies; and (c) the policies adopted were idiosyncratic.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document