Cortical development coupling between surface area and sulcal depth on macaque brains

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Li ◽  
Songyao Zhang ◽  
Xi Jiang ◽  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Junwei Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Development ◽  
Sulcal Depth

scholarly journals Variability of the paracingulate sulcus and morphometry of the medial frontal cortex: Associations with cortical thickness, surface area, volume, and sulcal depth

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Fornito ◽  
Stephen J. Wood ◽  
Sarah Whittle ◽  
Jack Fuller ◽  
Chris Adamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Medial Frontal Cortex ◽  
Sulcal Depth

scholarly journals The genetic architecture of human cortical folding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis van der Meer ◽  
Tobias Kaufmann ◽  
Alexey A. Shadrin ◽  
Carolina Makowski ◽  
Oleksandr Frei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Effective Sample Size ◽  
Cortical Folding ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genetic Overlap ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Cortical Morphology ◽  
Sulcal Depth

ABSTRACTThe folding of the human cerebral cortex is a highly genetically regulated process that allows for a much larger surface area to fit into the cranial vault and optimizes functional organization. Sulcal depth is a robust, yet understudied measure of localized folding, previously associated with a range of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we report the first genome-wide association study of sulcal depth. Through the Multivariate Omnibus Statistical Test (MOSTest) applied to vertexwise measures from 33,748 participants of the UK Biobank (mean age 64.3 years, 52.0% female) we identified 856 genetic loci associated with sulcal depth at genome-wide significance (α=5×10-8). Comparison with two other measures of cortical morphology, cortical thickness and surface area, indicated that sulcal depth has higher yield in terms of loci discovered, higher heritability and higher effective sample size. There was a large amount of genetic overlap between the three traits, with gene-based analyses indicating strong associations with neurodevelopmental processes. Our findings demonstrate sulcal depth is a promising MRI phenotype that may enhance our understanding of human cortical morphology.

scholarly journals Variations in Brain Morphometry Among Healthy Preschoolers Born Very Preterm

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly M. Hasler ◽  
Timothy T. Brown ◽  
Natacha Akshoomoff
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sulcal Depth

AbstractBackgroundPreterm birth is associated with an increased risk of neonatal brain injury, which can lead to alterations in brain maturation. Advances in neonatal care have dramatically reduced the incidence of the most significant medical consequences of preterm birth. Relatively healthy preterm infants remain at increased risk for subtle injuries that impact future neurodevelopmental and functioning.AimsTo investigate the gray matter morphometry measures of cortical thickness, surface area, and sulcal depth in the brain using magnetic resonance imaging at 5 years of age in healthy children born very preterm.Study designCohort studySubjectsParticipants were 52 children born very preterm (VPT; less than 33 weeks gestational age) and 37 children born full term.Outcome measuresCortical segmentation and calculation of morphometry measures were completed using FreeSurfer version 5.3.0 and compared between groups using voxel-wise, surface-based analyses.ResultsThe VPT group had a significantly thinner cortex in temporal and parietal regions as well as thicker gray matter in the occipital and inferior frontal regions. Reduced surface area was found in the fusiform area in the VPT group. Sulcal depth was also lower in the VPT group within the posterior parietal and inferior temporal regions and greater sulcal depth was found in the middle temporal and medial parietal regions. Results in some of these regions were correlated with gestational age at birth in the VPT group.ConclusionsThe most widespread differences between the VPT and FT groups were found in cortical thickness. These findings may represent a combination of delayed maturation and permanent alterations caused by the perinatal processes associated with very preterm birth.

scholarly journals Sex differences in lifespan trajectories and variability of human sulcal and gyral morphology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Covadonga M. Díaz-Caneja ◽  
Clara Alloza ◽  
Pedro M. Gordaliza ◽  
Alberto Fernández Pena ◽  
Lucía de Hoyos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Sulcal Morphology ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Development And Aging ◽  
Lower Variability ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions ◽  
Sulcal Depth

AbstractSex differences in development and aging of human sulcal morphology have been understudied. We charted sex differences in trajectories and inter-individual variability of global sulcal depth, width, and length, pial surface area, exposed (hull) gyral surface area, unexposed sulcal surface area, cortical thickness, and cortex volume across the lifespan in a longitudinal sample (700 scans, 194 participants two scans, 104 three scans, age range: 16-70 years) of neurotypical males and females. After adjusting for brain volume, females had thicker cortex and steeper thickness decline until age 40 years; trajectories converged thereafter. Across sexes, sulcal shortening was faster before age 40, while sulcal shallowing and widening were faster thereafter. While hull area remained stable, sulcal surface area declined and was more strongly associated with sulcal shortening than with sulcal shallowing and widening. Males showed greater variability for cortex volume and thickness and lower variability for sulcal width. Across sexes, variability decreased with age for all measures except for cortical volume and thickness. Our findings highlight the association between loss of sulcal area, notably through sulcal shortening, with cortex volume loss. Studying sex differences in lifespan trajectories may improve knowledge of individual differences in brain development and the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric conditions.

Preparation and characterisation of vanadium pentoxide supported rhodium catalyst

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 946-947
Author(s):  
A. Legrouri
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Vanadium Pentoxide ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Rhodium Catalyst ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Reducible Oxides

The industrial importance of metal catalysts supported on reducible oxides has stimulated considerable interest during the last few years. This presentation reports on the study of the physicochemical properties of metallic rhodium supported on vanadium pentoxide (Rh/V2O5). Electron optical methods, in conjunction with other techniques, were used to characterise the catalyst before its use in the hydrogenolysis of butane; a reaction for which Rh metal is known to be among the most active catalysts.V2O5 powder was prepared by thermal decomposition of high purity ammonium metavanadate in air at 400 °C for 2 hours. Previous studies of the microstructure of this compound, by HREM, SEM and gas adsorption, showed it to be non— porous with a very low surface area of 6m2/g3. The metal loading of the catalyst used was lwt%Rh on V2Q5. It was prepared by wet impregnating the support with an aqueous solution of RhCI3.3H2O.

Cell morphology, volume, and surface area determinations from multilevel contouring within HVEM micrographs of serial sections and whole-cell mounts

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 588-589
Author(s):  
M. Marko ◽  
A. Leith ◽  
D. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Serial Section ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Computer Based

The use of serial sections and computer-based 3-D reconstruction techniques affords an opportunity not only to visualize the shape and distribution of the structures being studied, but also to determine their volumes and surface areas. Up until now, this has been done using serial ultrathin sections.The serial-section approach differs from the stereo logical methods of Weibel in that it is based on the Information from a set of single, complete cells (or organelles) rather than on a random 2-dimensional sampling of a population of cells. Because of this, it can more easily provide absolute values of volume and surface area, especially for highly-complex structures. It also allows study of individual variation among the cells, and study of structures which occur only infrequently.We have developed a system for 3-D reconstruction of objects from stereo-pair electron micrographs of thick specimens.

Risk Factors for Bleeding during Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (05) ◽  
pp. 682-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos P J Wester ◽  
Harold W de Valk ◽  
Karel H Nieuwenhuis ◽  
Catherine B Brouwer ◽  
Yolanda van der Graaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Risk Of Bleeding ◽  
Acute Venous Thromboembolism

Summary Objective: Identification of risk factors for bleeding and prospective evaluation of two bleeding risk scores in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. Design: Secondary analysis of a prospective, randomized, assessor-blind, multicenter clinical trial. Setting: One university and 2 regional teaching hospitals. Patients: 188 patients treated with heparin or danaparoid for acute venous thromboembolism. Measurements: The presenting clinical features, the doses of the drugs, and the anticoagulant responses were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis in order to evaluate prognostic factors for bleeding. In addition, the recently developed Utrecht bleeding risk score and Landefeld bleeding risk index were evaluated prospectively. Results: Major bleeding occurred in 4 patients (2.1%) and minor bleeding in 101 patients (53.7%). For all (major and minor combined) bleeding, body surface area ≤2 m2 (odds ratio 2.3, 95% Cl 1.2-4.4; p = 0.01), and malignancy (odds ratio 2.4, 95% Cl 1.1-4.9; p = 0.02) were confirmed to be independent risk factors. An increased treatment-related risk of bleeding was observed in patients treated with high doses of heparin, independent of the concomitant activated partial thromboplastin time ratios. Both bleeding risk scores had low diagnostic value for bleeding in this sample of mainly minor bleeders. Conclusions: A small body surface area and malignancy were associated with a higher frequency of bleeding. The bleeding risk scores merely offer the clinician a general estimation of the risk of bleeding. In patients with a small body surface area or in patients with malignancy, it may be of interest to study whether limited dose reduction of the anticoagulant drug may cause less bleeding without affecting efficacy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document