A quick and qualitative assessment of gross motor development in preschool children

The purpose of this pilot study was to descriptively evaluate the effects of three different programs on the development of gross motor skills of preschool children with learning disabilities (n = 29). No attempt was made to equate the groups or control for differences between the programs or instructional staff. Two of the programs were used by the respective schools to develop the gross motor skills of their audience. The programs were called occupational therapy (OT) (45–60 min/day, 5 days/week) and adapted physical education (APE) (30 min/day, 4 days/week). A third group was evaluated to determine whether maturational effects had any involvement in gross motor development. This group was called the noninstructional program (NIP) (30 min/day, 2 days/week) and was solely involved in free play. The programs were all in session for the entire school year (33–35 weeks). The results of the study revealed that the children in the APE program made more significant gains across objectives, and particularly on the qualitative measures, than did the children in the OT or NIP groups.

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Reliability and Validity of the Test of Gross Motor Development-II in Korean Preschool Children: Applying AHP

Research in Developmental Disabilities ◽

10.1016/j.ridd.2014.01.019 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 800-807 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Chung-IL Kim ◽

Dong-Wook Han ◽

Il-Hyeok Park

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Motor Development ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Gross Motor Development

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Fundamental Motor Skill Delays in Preschool Children With Disabilities: 2012 National Youth Fitness Survey

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.758321 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

E. Andrew Pitchford ◽

Willie Leung ◽

E. Kipling Webster

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

School Children ◽

Motor Development ◽

Motor Skill ◽

Children With Disabilities ◽

Sampling Weights ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Gross Motor Development ◽

Disability Status ◽

Development Delay

Delays in fundamental motor skill (FMS) competency have been observed in a variety of children with disabilities. However, evidence of FMS delays is largely limited to small, geographically specific, limitedly diverse, and non-representative samples. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between FMS competency and reported disability status among pre-school children, ages 3–5 years, using the 2012 National Youth Fitness Survey (NYFS). In total, 329 preschool children (49% female; 4.00 ± 0.04 years of age) from the 2012 NYFS completed the Test of Gross Motor Development−2, including 43 preschoolers identified with a disability based on parental report (44% female; 4.20 ± 0.16 years). Associations were examined with logistic regression using sampling weights. Poor FMS competency, defined as gross motor quotient scores ≤ 79, was observed in significantly more children with disabilities (29%) than children without disabilities (10%, OR = 3.5, p = 0.04). While not statistically significant, there was a growing disparity in FMS competency at age 5 (41 vs. 11%) compared to age 3 (15 vs. 9%, OR = 1.80, p = 0.30). The results provide additional evidence for poor FMS competency among pre-school children with disabilities. FMS should be an early part of comprehensive assessments for all children suspected of disability or development delay as it is critical to identify and intervene upon FMS delays before discrepancies can widen.

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Assessment of Gross Motor Development in Preschool Children

Psychoeducational Assessment of Preschool Children ◽

10.4324/9780429054099-12 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 283-319

Author(s):

Eva V. Monsma ◽

Sally Taunton Miedema ◽

Ali S. Brian ◽

Harriet G. Williams

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Motor Development ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Gross Motor Development

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Effects of socio-economic status and maternal education on gross motor development of preschool children

Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology ◽

10.1111/dmcn.12780_87 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 57 ◽

pp. 55-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Motor Development ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Economic Status ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Gross Motor Development ◽

Socio Economic Status

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Gross motor development in preschoolers on the islands of Lake Titicaca (3810 m.a.s.l.), Puno, Peru (Desarrollo motor grueso en preescolares de las islas del lago Titicaca (3810 m s. n. m.), Puno, Perú)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v0i39.79522 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 592-597

Author(s):

Angel Anibal Mamani Ramos ◽

Carlos Wyly Dextre Mendoza ◽

Jhonny Jesús Lava Gálvez ◽

Gladis Ticona Flores ◽

Lisbeth Marutzia Quispe Cruz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Motor Development ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Lake Titicaca ◽

Object Control ◽

Equivalent Age ◽

Gross Motor Development ◽

One Year ◽

Average Development

Abstract. The objective of this study was to analyze gross motor development in preschoolers on the islands of Lake Titicaca, considering the variables sex and age. The study corresponds to the descriptive-comparative cross-sectional design. 57 preschool children (31 boys and 26 girls, age M = 5.0, TD = .54) from the islands of Amantaní, Taquile and Uros, located in the province of Puno (Peru), at an altitude of 3810 m.a.s.l. participated. TGMD-2, Spanish version (reproducibility of .82) was used. The results show an average gross motor development (50.9%), with an age equivalent to six years (M = 6.0, TD = .82), one year above its chronological age (M = 5.0, TD = .54). Differences were found between islands (p = .01 <.05). No gender differences were found in gross motor development (p = .15> .05) or in locomotion development (p = .74> .05), but in object control (p = .00 <.05). , as well as in age (p = .00 <.05). It is concluded that the preschoolers present an average gross motor development with an equivalent age of one year older than their chronological age, of which preschool children from Taquile stand out by presenting a higher – above average development, with an equivalent age of one year and nine months older than their chronological age, being superior to those of Amantaní and Uros, who present an average development and a lower equivalent age. Women show more development than men only in object control. Those of four years present more development than those of five. Resumen. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el desarrollo motor grueso en preescolares de las islas del lago Titicaca, considerando las variables sexo y edad. El estudio corresponde al diseño transversal descriptivo-comparativo. Participaron 57 niños de etapa preescolar (31 varones y 26 mujeres; edad M=5.0, DT= .54) de las islas de Amantaní, Taquile y Uros, localizadas en la provincia de Puno (Perú), a una altitud de 3810 m s. n. m. Se utilizó el TGMD-2, versión en español (reproductividad de .82). Los resultados demuestran un desarrollo motor grueso promedio (50.9%), con una edad equivalente a seis años (M=6.0, DT= .82), un año por encima de su edad cronológica (M=5.0, DT= .54). Se encontraron diferencias entre islas (p= .01< .05). No se encontraron diferencias de género en el desarrollo motor grueso (p= .15> .05) ni en el de locomoción (p= .74> .05), pero sí en control de objetos (p= .00< .05), al igual que en edad (p= .00< .05). Se concluye en que los preescolares presentan un desarrollo motor grueso promedio con una edad equivalente de un año mayor a su edad cronológica, de los que destacan preescolares de Taquile al presentar un desarrollo superior-por encima del promedio, con una edad equivalente de un año y nueve meses mayor a su edad cronológica, siendo superior a los de Amantaní y Uros, quienes presentan un desarrollo promedio y edad equivalente menor. Las mujeres presentan mayor desarrollo que los varones solo en control de objetos. Los de cuatro años presentan mayor desarrollo que los de cinco.

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