scholarly journals Genetic diversity, temporal dynamics, and host specificity in blood parasites of passerines in north China

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (12) ◽  
pp. 4513-4520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Huang ◽  
Lu Dong ◽  
Chenglin Zhang ◽  
Yanyun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
North China ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Blood Parasites

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Host Specificity Varies across Three Genera of Blood Parasites in Ducks of the Pacific Americas Flyway

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e0116661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Reeves ◽  
Mathew M. Smith ◽  
Brandt W. Meixell ◽  
Joseph P Fleskes ◽  
Andrew M. Ramey
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Assessing Host-Virus Codivergence for Close Relatives of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infecting African Great Apes

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (19) ◽  
pp. 8531-8541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadège F. Madinda ◽  
Bernhard Ehlers ◽  
Joel O. Wertheim ◽  
Chantal Akoua-Koffi ◽  
Richard A. Bergl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Viral Evolution ◽  
Great Apes ◽  
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus ◽  
Merkel Cell ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
African Great Apes

ABSTRACTIt has long been hypothesized that polyomaviruses (PyV; familyPolyomaviridae) codiverged with their animal hosts. In contrast, recent analyses suggested that codivergence may only marginally influence the evolution of PyV. We reassess this question by focusing on a single lineage of PyV infecting hominine hosts, the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) lineage. By characterizing the genetic diversity of these viruses in seven African great ape taxa, we show that they exhibit very strong host specificity. Reconciliation analyses identify more codivergence than noncodivergence events. In addition, we find that a number of host and PyV divergence events are synchronous. Collectively, our results support codivergence as the dominant process at play during the evolution of the MCPyV lineage. More generally, our results add to the growing body of evidence suggesting an ancient and stable association of PyV and their animal hosts.IMPORTANCEThe processes involved in viral evolution and the interaction of viruses with their hosts are of great scientific interest and public health relevance. It has long been thought that the genetic diversity of double-stranded DNA viruses was generated over long periods of time, similar to typical host evolutionary timescales. This was also hypothesized for polyomaviruses (familyPolyomaviridae), a group comprising several human pathogens, but this remains a point of controversy. Here, we investigate this question by focusing on a single lineage of polyomaviruses that infect both humans and their closest relatives, the African great apes. We show that these viruses exhibit considerable host specificity and that their evolution largely mirrors that of their hosts, suggesting that codivergence with their hosts played a major role in their diversification. Our results provide statistical evidence in favor of an association of polyomaviruses and their hosts over millions of years.

scholarly journals Diversity, distribution, and drivers of Polychromophilus infection in Malagasy bats

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercia Rasoanoro ◽  
Steven M. Goodman ◽  
Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia ◽  
Mbola Rakotondratsimba ◽  
Koussay Dellagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Maxent Modelling

Abstract Background Numerous studies have been undertaken to advance knowledge of apicomplexan parasites infecting vertebrates, including humans. Of these parasites, the genus Plasmodium has been most extensively studied because of the socio-economic and public health impacts of malaria. In non-human vertebrates, studies on malaria or malaria-like parasite groups have been conducted but information is far from complete. In Madagascar, recent studies on bat blood parasites indicate that three chiropteran families (Miniopteridae, Rhinonycteridae, and Vespertilionidae) are infected by the genus Polychromophilus with pronounced host specificity: Miniopterus spp. (Miniopteridae) harbour Polychromophilus melanipherus and Myotis goudoti (Vespertilionidae) is infected by Polychromophilus murinus. However, most of the individuals analysed in previous studies were sampled on the western and central portions of the island. The aims of this study are (1) to add new information on bat blood parasites in eastern Madagascar, and (2) to highlight biotic and abiotic variables driving prevalence across the island. Methods Fieldworks were undertaken from 2014 to 2016 in four sites in the eastern portion of Madagascar to capture bats and collect biological samples. Morphological and molecular techniques were used to identify the presence of haemosporidian parasites. Further, a MaxEnt modelling was undertaken using data from Polychromophilus melanipherus to identify variables influencing the presence of this parasite Results In total, 222 individual bats belonging to 17 species and seven families were analysed. Polychromophilus infections were identified in two families: Miniopteridae and Vespertilionidae. Molecular data showed that Polychromophilus spp. parasitizing Malagasy bats form a monophyletic group composed of three distinct clades displaying marked host specificity. In addition to P. melanipherus and P. murinus, hosted by Miniopterus spp. and Myotis goudoti, respectively, a novel Polychromophilus lineage was identified from a single individual of Scotophilus robustus. Based on the present study and the literature, different biotic and abiotic factors are shown to influence Polychromophilus infection in bats, which are correlated based on MaxEnt modelling. Conclusions The present study improves current knowledge on Polychromophilus blood parasites infecting Malagasy bats and confirms the existence of a novel Polychromophilus lineage in Scotophilus bats. Additional studies are needed to obtain additional material of this novel lineage to resolve its taxonomic relationship with known members of the genus. Further, the transmission mode of Polychromophilus in bats as well as its potential effect on bat populations should be investigated to complement the results provided by MaxEnt modelling and eventually provide a comprehensive picture of the biology of host-parasite interactions.

Low genetic diversity of Phytophthora infestans population in potato in north China

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (90) ◽  
pp. 15636-15642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqing Wu ◽  
Jizhi Jiang ◽  
Chunshuang Gui
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
North China ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of North China Mountain Walnut Revealed by ISSR

2014 ◽  
Vol 05 (21) ◽  
pp. 3194-3202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiqing Ji ◽  
Yina Wang ◽  
Guoliang Wu ◽  
Wenjiang Wu ◽  
Hongyan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
North China

scholarly journals An Evolution From a Predominant K1 Allelic Variant to MAD20 of msp1 Gene Between 2015 to 2019 in Metehara, Southeast Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeba Reda ◽  
Alebachew Messele ◽  
Hussein Mohammed ◽  
Ashenafi Assefa ◽  
Lemu Golassa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southeast Ethiopia ◽  
Parasite Populations ◽  
Msp1 Gene

Abstract Background: The complexity and quantity of parasite populations circulating in a specific location are reflected in the genetic diversity of malaria parasites (s). Between 2015 and 2019, this study in Metehara, South east, Ethiopia. set out to investigate the temporal dynamics of genetic diversity and multiplicity as a result of evolutionary change in the genes that contribute to Plasmodium falciparum infection elimination. Method: Between 2015 and 2019, a cross-sectional study was carried out. from eighty-three dry blood spots from malaria patients who were screened for P. falciparum mono-infection by QPCR. From this seventy confirmed P. falciparum were genotyping to merozoite surface protein 1,2 and glutamate-rich protein using nested PCR.Result: Between 2015 and 2019, seventy (84.3%) of the isolates were successfully genotyped for all three target genes in both years. In 2015 and 2019, the allelic distributions of the three genes differed significantly (P= 0.001). Overall, the most common allelic families for msp1 and msp2 were K1 and FC27 respectively. For glurp, eight distinct genotypes were identified. In 2015, the genotyping of msp1, msp2 and glurp was 25 (86.2%), 25 (86.2%) and 24 (82.2%) respectively. K1, MAD20 and RO33 all have 19(65.5%), 3(10.3%) and 3(10.3%) msp1 allelic families respectively. In 2019 the genes were 30 (73.2%), 39 (95.1%) and 30 (73.2%). K1, MAD20, and RO33 were genotyped for 6 (14.6 percent), 18 (43.9 percent) and 6 (14.6 percent) genotyping respectively. Over all the multiplicity of infection was 1.67 (95 percent CI 1.54-1.74) and the heterozygosity index for msp1, msp2, and glurp was 0.48, 0.70, and 0.55 respectively.Conclusion: This study provides current information on the genetic diversity of P. falciparum populations in Metehara over five-year intervals, The progression of the dominant K1 variant from 2015 to MAD20 variant in 2019 was observed in this study.

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