scholarly journals Gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases: moving from basic science to clinical applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Collij ◽  
Marjolein A. Y. Klaassen ◽  
Rinse K. Weersma ◽  
Arnau Vich Vila
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals The Use of Probiotic Therapy to Modulate the Gut Microbiota and Dendritic Cell Responses in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Alagón Fernández del Campo ◽  
Alejandro De Orta Pando ◽  
Juan Ignacio Straface ◽  
José Ricardo López Vega ◽  
Diego Toledo Plata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
T Regulatory Cells ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Regulatory Cells ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Tolerance Response ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

: Recent investigations have shown that different conditions such as diet, the overuse of antibiotics or the colonization of pathogenic microorganisms can alter the population status of the intestinal microbiota. This modification can produce a change from homeostasis to a condition known as imbalance or dysbiosis; however, the role-played by dysbiosis and the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has been poorly understood. It was actually not until a few years ago that studies started to develop regarding the role that dendritic cells (DC) of intestinal mucosa play in the sensing of the gut microbiota population. The latest studies have focused on describing the DC modulation, specifically on tolerance response involving T regulatory cells or on the inflammatory response involving reactive oxygen species and tissue damage. Furthermore, the latest studies have also focused on the protective and restorative effect of the population of the gut microbiota given by probiotic therapy, targeting IBD and other intestinal pathologies. In the present work, the authors propose and summarize a recently studied complex axis of interaction between the population of the gut microbiota, the sensing of the DC and its modulation towards tolerance and inflammation, the development of IBD and the protective and restorative effect of probiotics on other intestinal pathologies.

scholarly journals Cross-Study Analyses of Gut Microbiomes from Healthy and Obese Individuals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Deraspe ◽  
Charles Burdet ◽  
Juan Manuel Dominguez ◽  
François Laviolette ◽  
Paul H Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Colorectal Cancers ◽  
Functional Composition ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background: With the advent of metagenomics, many large studies have been conducted with the quest of better understanding gut microbiota changes in relation to varying health conditions. Significant findings have been made for diseases such as cirrhosis, colorectal cancers, inflammatory bowel diseases and others, yet one that stands out is obesity for which conflicting results have been reported in the literature. Methods: Here, we built and analyzed a cross-study dataset of healthy and obese individuals looking for major changes in the the taxonomic and functional composition of their metagenomes. Results: Our results suggest that the overweight and normal subjects have no strong dissimilarity in their metagenomes composition. Significant differences were observed when comparing the obese and the non-obese individuals in their functional and taxonomic profiles. Conclusion: In this study, we report the most significant changes that we observed and discuss their potential implication in the obesity condition.

scholarly journals Metagenomic alterations in gut microbiota precede and predict onset of colitis in the IL10 gene-deficient murine model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Miyoshi ◽  
Sonny T. M. Lee ◽  
Megan Kennedy ◽  
Mora Puertolas ◽  
Mary Frith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Robust Measures

AbstractBackground & AimsInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders where predictive biomarkers for the disease development and clinical course are sorely needed for development of prevention and early intervention strategies that can be implemented to improve clinical outcomes. Since gut microbiome alterations can reflect and/or contribute to impending host health changes, we examined whether gut microbiota metagenomic profiles would provide more robust measures for predicting disease outcomes in colitis-prone hosts.MethodsUsing the IL-10 gene-deficient (IL-10 KO) murine model where early life dysbiosis from antibiotic (cefoperozone, CPZ) treated dams vertically-transferred to pups increases risk for colitis later in life, we investigated temporal metagenomic profiles in the gut microbiota of post-weaning offspring and determined their relationship to eventual clinical outcomes.ResultsCompared to controls, offspring acquiring maternal CPZ-induced dysbiosis exhibited a restructuring of intestinal microbial membership both in bacteriome and mycobiome that were associated with alterations in specific functional subsystems. Furthermore, among IL-10 KO offspring from CPZ-treated dams, several functional subsystems, particularly nitrogen metabolism, diverged between mice that developed spontaneous colitis (CPZ-colitis) versus those that did not (CPZ-no-colitis) at a time point prior to eventual clinical outcome.ConclusionsOur findings provide support that functional metagenomic profiling of gut microbes has potential and promise meriting further study for development of tools to assess risk and manage human IBD.SynopsisCurrently, predictive markers for the development and course of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are not available. This study supports the notion that gut microbiome metagenomic profiles could be developed into a useful tool to assess risk and manage human IBD.

scholarly journals Clinical Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-438
Author(s):  
Cristian Tefas ◽  
Marcel Tanțău
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Background & Aims: Inflammatory bowel diseases are still difficult to diagnose and differentiate in some cases despite the serological, imaging, endoscopic and histopathological armamentarium. Raman spectroscopy is a technique that could help with these shortcomings. The aim of this paper is to present the accuracy of Raman spectroscopy in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.Methods: We identified the published manuscripts and abstracts up to the 31st of December 2017 by a systematic search of Medline, Embase, Cochrane and other trial registries.Results: Eight publications were found, showing sensitivities and specificities of Raman spectroscopy in diagnosing and differentiating inflammatory bowel diseases ranging from 82 to 99% and 57 to 99%, respectively, and accuracies of up to 95%.Conclusion: The technique has so far proven its potential in the positive and differential diagnosis of Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, allowing for very rapid results with high sensitivity and specificity.

Anti-inflammatory effects of purple sweet potato anthocyanin extract in DSS-induced colitis: modulation of commensal bacteria and attenuated bacterial intestinal infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
jingjing Mu ◽  
jingwen xu ◽  
linlin wang ◽  
Caifa Chen ◽  
Ping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Infection ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato

The purple sweet potato anthocyanin has been acknowledged for its beneficial effects on human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Although the ability of anthocyanin in modulating gut microbiota has been reported,...

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