Effects of plant diversity, community composition and environmental parameters on productivity in montane European grasslands

Oecologia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansgar Kahmen ◽  
J�rg Perner ◽  
Volker Audorff ◽  
Wolfgang Weisser ◽  
Nina Buchmann
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Environmental Parameters

scholarly journals Environmental Factors Affect Acidobacterial Communities below the Subgroup Level in Grassland and Forest Soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (20) ◽  
pp. 7398-7406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Naether ◽  
Bärbel U. Foesel ◽  
Verena Naegele ◽  
Pia K. Wüst ◽  
Jan Weinert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTIn soil,Acidobacteriaconstitute on average 20% of all bacteria, are highly diverse, and are physiologically activein situ. However, their individual functions and interactions with higher taxa in soil are still unknown. Here, potential effects of land use, soil properties, plant diversity, and soil nanofauna on acidobacterial community composition were studied by cultivation-independent methods in grassland and forest soils from three different regions in Germany. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries representing all studied soils revealed that grassland soils were dominated by subgroup Gp6 and forest soils by subgroup Gp1Acidobacteria. The analysis of a large number of sites (n= 57) by 16S rRNA gene fingerprinting methods (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism [T-RFLP] and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis [DGGE]) showed thatAcidobacteriadiversities differed between grassland and forest soils but also among the three different regions. Edaphic properties, such as pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, phosphorus, nitrate, ammonium, soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil respiration, had an impact on community composition as assessed by fingerprinting. However, interrelations with environmental parameters among subgroup terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) differed significantly, e.g., different Gp1 T-RFs correlated positively or negatively with nitrogen content. Novel significant correlations ofAcidobacteriasubpopulations (i.e., individual populations within subgroups) with soil nanofauna and vascular plant diversity were revealed only by analysis of clone sequences. Thus, for detecting novel interrelations of environmental parameters withAcidobacteria, individual populations within subgroups have to be considered.

scholarly journals Water and nitrogen shape winter annual plant diversity and community composition in near‐urban Sonoran Desert preserves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M. Wheeler ◽  
Scott L. Collins ◽  
Nancy B. Grimm ◽  
Elizabeth M. Cook ◽  
Christopher Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Annual Plant ◽  
Winter Annual

scholarly journals Plant and insect herbivore community variation across the Paleocene–Eocene boundary in the Hanna Basin, southeastern Wyoming

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7798
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Azevedo Schmidt ◽  
Regan E. Dunn ◽  
Jason Mercer ◽  
Marieke Dechesne ◽  
Ellen D. Currano
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Insect Herbivore ◽  
Herbivore Damage ◽  
Late Paleocene ◽  
Hanna Basin ◽  
Laramide Basins ◽  
Herbivore Communities

Ecosystem function and stability are highly affected by internal and external stressors. Utilizing paleobotanical data gives insight into the evolutionary processes an ecosystem undergoes across long periods of time, allowing for a more complete understanding of how plant and insect herbivore communities are affected by ecosystem imbalance. To study how plant and insect herbivore communities change during times of disturbance, we quantified community turnover across the Paleocene­–Eocene boundary in the Hanna Basin, southeastern Wyoming. This particular location is unlike other nearby Laramide basins because it has an abundance of late Paleocene and Eocene coal and carbonaceous shales and paucity of well-developed paleosols, suggesting perpetually high water availability. We sampled approximately 800 semi-intact dicot leaves from five stratigraphic levels, one of which occurs late in the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM). Field collections were supplemented with specimens at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science. Fossil leaves were classified into morphospecies and herbivore damage was documented for each leaf. We tested for changes in plant and insect herbivore damage diversity using rarefaction and community composition using non-metric multidimensional scaling ordinations. We also documented changes in depositional environment at each stratigraphic level to better contextualize the environment of the basin. Plant diversity was highest during the mid-late Paleocene and decreased into the Eocene, whereas damage diversity was highest at the sites with low plant diversity. Plant communities significantly changed during the late PETM and do not return to pre-PETM composition. Insect herbivore communities also changed during the PETM, but, unlike plant communities, rebound to their pre-PETM structure. These results suggest that insect herbivore communities responded more strongly to plant community composition than to the diversity of species present.

scholarly journals Relationship between moth (night active Lepidoptera) diversity and vegetation characteristics in southern Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1015
Author(s):  
Torbjörn Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
Vascular Plant Diversity ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Tree Canopy Cover ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The diversity and community composition of moths (both macro- and micromoths) at 32 sites, representing a wide range of habitat types (forests, grasslands, wetlands, agricultural and urban areas) within a restricted region in central Scania, southern-most Sweden, was investigated by use of light moth traps and compared with vascular plant species richness and habitat characteristics. The results revealed a highly significant general association between vegetation composition and the composition of the moth community and multivariate (CCA) analyses indicated light availability and soil fertility parameters (pH and macronutrients) to be the habitat characteristics that best correlated with moth community composition. Less strong, but still significant, positive relationships between moth abundance and local vascular plant diversity were also revealed. Moth species richness was positively correlated with diversity of woody plant genera in the neighborhood, but not with local vascular plant diversity in general. As for more general site characteristics, there were tendencies for higher moth richness and abundance at sites with more productive soils (well-drained, high pH, high nutrient availability), while shading/tree canopy cover, management, soil disturbance regimes and nectar production appeared unrelated to moth community parameters. It is concluded that local moth assemblages are strongly influenced by site characteristics and vegetation composition. Implications for insect conservation: The results show that obtaining moth data on a local scale is useful for conservation planning and does not need to be very cumbersome. Local moth assemblages monitored are indeed related to local site characteristics of conservation relevance.

scholarly journals Deep amoA amplicon sequencing reveals community partitioning within ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the environmentally dynamic estuary of the River Elbe

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Malinowski ◽  
M. Alawi ◽  
I. Krohn ◽  
S. Ruff ◽  
D. Indenbirken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Longitudinal Profile ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Elbe Estuary ◽  
Ammonia Monooxygenase ◽  
River Elbe

Abstract The community composition of betaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (ß-AOB) in the River Elbe Estuary was investigated by high throughput sequencing of ammonia monooxygenase subunit A gene (amoA) amplicons. In the course of the seasons surface sediment samples from seven sites along the longitudinal profile of the upper Estuary of the Elbe were investigated. We observed striking shifts of the ß-AOB community composition according to space and time. Members of the Nitrosomonas oligotropha-lineage and the genus Nitrosospira were found to be the dominant ß-AOB within the river transect, investigated. However, continuous shifts of balance between members of both lineages along the longitudinal profile were determined. A noticeable feature was a substantial increase of proportion of Nitrosospira-like sequences in autumn and of sequences affiliated with the Nitrosomonas marina-lineage at downstream sites in spring and summer. Slightly raised relative abundances of sequences affiliated with the Nitrosomonas europaea/Nitrosomonas mobilis-lineage and the Nitrosomonas communis-lineage were found at sampling sites located in the port of Hamburg. Comparisons between environmental parameters and AOB-lineage (ecotype) composition revealed promising clues that processes happening in the fluvial to marine transition zone of the Elbe estuary are reflected by shifts in the relative proportion of ammonia monooxygenase sequence abundance, and hence, we propose ß-AOB as appropriate indicators for environmental dynamics and the ecological condition of the Elbe Estuary.

Responses of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria community composition to temporal changes in physicochemical parameters during food waste composting

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 9541-9548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Shi ◽  
Dexun Zou ◽  
Qunhui Wang ◽  
Xunfeng Xia ◽  
Tianlong Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria

This paper aimed to identify and prioritize some environmental parameters that affect AOB community composition during food waste composting.

Plant diversity and community composition in eastern North American serpentine barrens

2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Flinn ◽  
Jennifer L. Mikes ◽  
Hannah A. D. Kuhns
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
North American

Restoration for Resistance to Invasion by Giant Reed (Arundo donax)

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren D. Quinn ◽  
Jodie S. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Community Resistance ◽  
Natural Recruitment ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe relationship between plant community composition and invasibility has been studied extensively but seldom in the context of ecosystem restoration. Experimental riparian restoration plots differing in species composition and density were established and evaluated for susceptibility to invasion by giant reed, a common riparian invader in California, and natural recruitment by riparian species over time. Plots were planted in 2002 with cuttings of common threesquare (a sedge), seepwillow (a shrub), and Goodding's willow (a tree) at two densities in monoculture and all possible mixture combinations. Giant reed rhizomes were introduced into half of the plots in the spring of 2003, while the remaining plots were allowed to undergo natural recruitment for an additional year. In late winter 2004, giant reed rhizomes were planted in the remaining plots. Both planting groups were followed for one growing season to evaluate giant reed establishment, survival, and growth. Community composition affected giant reed performance, particularly in 2003 before natural recruitment occurred. In that year, plots containing seepwillow + willow had the lowest giant reed shoot production, growth, and survival. All plots containing seepwillow were resistant to colonization by natural recruitment in 2004, but none of the planting treatments affected giant reed success in that year. Giant reed was more successful overall in 2004 despite deeper shade and drier soils. This pattern could be attributed to larger initial rhizome size in 2004, which allowed giant reed to overcome environmental stress during establishment. Planting density did not impact giant reed or natural recruitment independently, but may affect environmental parameters and warrants further study as a potential contributor to restoration success. Our results indicate that choice of species composition in restoration might impact giant reed invasion success initially, but community resistance might not be sustainable and maintenance-free over time.

scholarly journals Rhizosphere bacterial community composition depends on plant diversity legacy in soil and plant species identity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc W. Schmid ◽  
Terhi Hahl ◽  
Sofia J. van Moorsel ◽  
Cameron Wagg ◽  
Gerlinde B. De Deyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Plant Species Diversity ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Soil Biodiversity

AbstractSoil microbes are known to be involved in a number of essential ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling, plant productivity and the maintenance of plant species diversity. However, how plant species diversity and identity affect soil microbial diversity and community composition is largely unknown. We tested whether, over the course of 11 years, distinct soil bacterial communities developed under plant monocultures and mixtures, and if over this timeframe plants with a monoculture or mixture history changed in the microbial communities they associated with. For eight species, we grew offspring of plants that had been grown for 11 years in the same monocultures or mixtures (monoculture- or mixture-type plants) in pots inoculated with microbes extracted from the monoculture and mixture soils. After five months of growth in the glasshouse, we collected rhizosphere soil from each plant and used 16S-rRNA gene sequencing to determine the community composition and diversity of the bacterial communities. Microbial community structure in the plant rhizosphere was primarily determined by soil legacy (monoculture vs. mixture soil) and by plant species identity, but not by plant legacy (monoculture- vs. mixture-type plants). In seven out of the eight plant species bacterial abundance was larger when inoculated with microbes from mixture soil. We conclude that plant diversity can strongly affect belowground community composition and diversity, feeding back to the assemblage of rhizosphere microbial communities in newly establishing plants. Thereby our work demonstrates that concerns for plant biodiversity loss are also concerns for soil biodiversity loss.

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