Displacement of a native by an alien bumblebee: lower pollinator efficiency overcome by overwhelmingly higher visitation frequency

Oecologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefin A. Madjidian ◽  
Carolina L. Morales ◽  
Henrik G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Pollinator Efficiency ◽  
Visitation Frequency

Far field modeling of the Mamala Bay outfalls

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
Philip J. W. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Field Model ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Field Modeling ◽  
Visitation Frequency ◽  
Statistical Variation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Harmonic Average ◽  
Ocean Outfall ◽  
Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers

The results of far field modeling of the wastefield formed by the Sand Island, Honolulu, ocean outfall are presented. A far field model, FRFIELD, was coupled to a near field model, NRFIELD. The input data for the models were long time series of oceanographic observations over the whole water column including currents measured by Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers and density stratification measured by thermistor strings. Thousands of simulations were made to predict the statistical variation of wastefield properties around the diffuser. It was shown that the visitation frequency of the wastefield decreases rapidly with distance from the diffuser. The spatial variation of minimum and harmonic average dilutions was also predicted. Average dilution increases rapidly with distance. It is concluded that any impact of the discharge will be confined to a relatively small area around the diffuser and beach impacts are not likely to be significant.

scholarly journals Students’ Word Associations with Different Terms Related to the Wadden Sea: Does the Place of Residence (Coast or Inland) Have an Influence?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Till Schmäing ◽  
Norbert Grotjohann
Keyword(s):  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Word Associations ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Visitation Frequency ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Free Word ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Out Of School

This paper presents students’ word associations with terms regarding the Wadden Sea. A continuous free word-association method was used in which the students from secondary schools (n = 3119, average age: 13.54 years) reported their associations with the stimulus words Wadden Sea, mudflat hiking tour, and tides in written form. Data were collected from students living close to the Wadden Sea and from students living inland. We performed a quantitative content analysis including the corresponding formation of categories. In addition, students’ school, out-of-school with the class, and private experiences the Wadden Sea ecosystem were recorded. The study shows that not only subject-related concepts should be considered at different levels, but non-subject-related aspects as well. The associations of the inland and non-inland students are statistically significantly different. The Wadden Sea and its biome were found to be completely unknown to some students. Students’ school, out-of-school with the class, and private experiences of the wetlands are also very mixed, regarding their Wadden Sea visitation frequency, and surprisingly cannot be directly derived from their place of residence. This research makes an important contribution towards the design of future biology didactic studies on the Wadden Sea.

Compatibility and pollinator efficiency tests onPyrus communisL. cv. ‘Conference’

2006 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-L. Jacquemart ◽  
A. Michotte-Van Der Aa ◽  
O. RaspÉ
Keyword(s):  
Pollinator Efficiency

scholarly journals Pollinator importance networks illustrate the crucial value of bees in a highly speciose plant community

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Ballantyne ◽  
Katherine C. R. Baldock ◽  
Luke Rendell ◽  
P. G. Willmer
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Pollen Deposition ◽  
Pollinator Effectiveness ◽  
Flower Visitors ◽  
Pollinator Importance ◽  
Visitation Frequency ◽  
Pollinator Performance ◽  
Number Of Plant Species

AbstractAccurate predictions of pollination service delivery require a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between plants and flower visitors. To improve measurements of pollinator performance underlying such predictions, we surveyed visitation frequency, pollinator effectiveness (pollen deposition ability) and pollinator importance (the product of visitation frequency and effectiveness) of flower visitors in a diverse Mediterranean flower meadow. With these data we constructed the largest pollinator importance network to date and compared it with the corresponding visitation network to estimate the specialisation of the community with greater precision. Visitation frequencies at the community level were positively correlated with the amount of pollen deposited during individual visits, though rarely correlated at lower taxonomic resolution. Bees had the highest levels of pollinator effectiveness, with Apis, Andrena, Lasioglossum and Osmiini bees being the most effective visitors to a number of plant species. Bomblyiid flies were the most effective non-bee flower visitors. Predictions of community specialisation (H2′) were higher in the pollinator importance network than the visitation network, mirroring previous studies. Our results increase confidence in existing measures of pollinator redundancy at the community level using visitation data, while also providing detailed information on interaction quality at the plant species level.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Quantitative Correlation between Urban Morphology Parameters and Outdoor Ventilation Efficiency Indices

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunlong Peng ◽  
Zhi Gao ◽  
Riccardo Buccolieri ◽  
Wowo Ding
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Quantitative Correlation ◽  
Visitation Frequency ◽  
Ventilation Efficiency ◽  
Local Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation Performance ◽  
Poor Ventilation ◽  
Morphology Parameters

Urban outdoor ventilation and pollutant dispersion have important implications for urban design and planning. In this paper, two urban morphology parameters, i.e. the floor area ratio (FAR) and the building site coverage (BSC), are considered to investigate their quantitative correlation with urban ventilation indices. An idealized model, including nine basic units with FAR equal to 5, is considered and the BSC is increased from 11% to 77%, generating 101 non-repetitive asymmetric configurations, with attention to the influence of plan density, volume ratio, and building layout on ventilation performance within urban plot areas. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are used to assess the ventilation efficiency at pedestrian level (2m above the ground) within each model central area. Six indices, including the air flow rate (Q), the mean age of air (τP), the net escape velocity (NEV), the purging flow rate (PFR), the visitation frequency (VF), and the resident time (TP) are used to assess the local ventilation performance. Results clearly show that, fixing the FAR, the local ventilation performance is not linearly related to BSC, but it also depends on buildings arrangement. Specifically, as the BSC increases, the ventilation in the central area does not keep reducing. On the contrary, some forms with low BSC have poor ventilation and some particular configurations with high BSC have better ventilation, which indicates that not all high-density configurations experience poor ventilation. The local ventilation performance can be effectively improved by rationally arranging the buildings. Even though the application of these results to real cities requires further research, the present findings suggest a preliminary way to build up a correlation between urban morphology parameters and ventilation efficiency tailored to develop a feasible framework for urban designers.

scholarly journals Linking pollinator efficiency to patterns of pollen limitation: small bees exploit the plant–pollinator mutualism

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1880) ◽  
pp. 20180635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Koski ◽  
Jennifer L. Ison ◽  
Ashley Padilla ◽  
Angela Q. Pham ◽  
Laura F. Galloway
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Limitation ◽  
Pollen Deposition ◽  
Pollinator Efficiency ◽  
Flower Visitation ◽  
Female Phase ◽  
Male Phase ◽  
Single Flower ◽  
Floral Visitation ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Plant Pollinator

Seemingly mutualistic relationships can be exploited, in some cases reducing fitness of the exploited species. In plants, the insufficient receipt of pollen limits reproduction. While infrequent pollination commonly underlies pollen limitation (PL), frequent interactions with low-efficiency, exploitative pollinators may also cause PL. In the widespread protandrous herb Campanula americana , visitation by three pollinators explained 63% of the variation in PL among populations spanning the range. Bumblebees and the medium-sized Megachile campanulae enhanced reproductive success, but small solitary bees exacerbated PL. To dissect mechanisms behind these relationships, we scored sex-specific floral visitation, and the contributions of each pollinator to plant fitness using single flower visits. Small bees and M. campanulae overvisited male-phase flowers, but bumblebees frequently visited female-phase flowers. Fewer bumblebee visits were required to saturate seed set compared to other bees. Scaling pollinator efficiency metrics to populations, small bees deplete large amounts of pollen due to highly male-biased flower visitation and infrequent pollen deposition. Thus, small bees reduce plant reproduction by limiting pollen available for transfer by efficient pollinators, and appear to exploit the plant–pollinator mutualism, acting as functional parasites to C. americana . It is therefore unlikely that small bees will compensate for reproductive failure in C. americana when bumblebees are scarce.

How patrons value casino promotional offers: A conjoint study

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-657
Author(s):  
Mark Legg ◽  
Murat Hancer
Keyword(s):  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Bayes ◽  
Hierarchical Bayes Model ◽  
Bayes Model ◽  
Visitation Frequency ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Negative Role

Casinos rely extensively on free slot play (FSP) offers for incentivizing patron visitation. However, there has been a lack of understanding its influence on driving patron visitation and patrons’ valuation of FSP compared to other casino promotional offers. This study conducted a conjoint analysis on patrons’ valuations of FSP compared to other promotional offerings at a casino resort. Moreover, this study investigated the roles inter-casino competition and visitation frequency have on patrons’ perceived valuation of FSP through a hierarchical Bayes model. The results show that competition plays a significant negative role on patrons’ valuation of FSP, while competition held insignificant influence on patrons’ valuation of food and beverage (F&B) comp offers. Additionally, patrons who visited the casino more frequently valued FSP greater, while less active patrons valued F&B comp offers more. Using the study’s results, casinos can increase their margins through increased efficiencies with their promotional offering mix.

Family Satisfaction: Differences Between Nursing Homes and Residential Care Facilities

2020 ◽  
pp. 073346482097152
Author(s):  
Katherine Wood ◽  
Nader Mehri ◽  
Nytasia Hicks ◽  
Jonathon M. Vivoda
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Family Satisfaction ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Residential Care Facilities ◽  
Visitation Frequency ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Environment Domain ◽  
Care Family ◽  
Using Data

This study compared differences in overall family satisfaction, specific satisfaction domains, and correlates of satisfaction between nursing homes (NHs) and residential care facilities (RCFs), using data from the 2016 Ohio Long-Term Care Family Satisfaction Survey. Satisfaction was higher for RCFs overall and within nearly every domain, with the largest difference observed in the environment domain. In both facility types, higher satisfaction was associated with male respondents, older respondent age, White race, less-frequent visitation, longer anticipated length of stay, less help provided during visits, smaller facilities, lower Medicaid-reliant resident percentage, and nonprofit status. Resident age, visitation frequency, perceived assistance required, and kinship tie were differentially related to satisfaction between facility types. NH administrators should focus on the environment and the moving in process. All administrators should address how residents spend time and should be aware that residents’ and their family members’ characteristics may affect satisfaction levels.

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