Educational Needs of European Intensive Care Nurses with Respect to Multicultural Care. A Mix-Method Study

The aim of the study is the analysis of educational needs of European intensive care nurses (ICNs) with regard to multicultural care. A mixed-method multinational study was performed among 591 ICNs coming from 15 European countries. An online survey was utilised with three research tools: participants’ sociodemographic details, Healthcare Provider Cultural Competence Instrument, and a tool to assess the educational needs of ICU nurses with respect to multicultural care. The highest mean values in self-assessment of preparation of ICU nurses to provide multicultural nursing care and their educational needs in this regard were detected in the case of nurses coming from Southern Europe (M = 4.09; SD = 0.43). With higher age, nurses recorded higher educational needs in the scope of multicultural care (r = 0.138; p = 0.001). In addition, speaking other languages significantly correlated with higher educational needs related to care of patients coming from different cultures (Z = −4.346; p < 0.001) as well as previous education on multicultural nursing care (Z = −2.530; p = 0.011). Experiences of difficult situations when caring for culturally diverse patients in ICU were classified into categories: ‘treatment procedures and general nursing care’, ‘family visiting’, ‘gender issues’, ‘communication challenges’, and ‘consequences of difficult experiences’. The educational needs of intensive care nurses in caring for culturally diverse patients are closely related to experiencing difficult situations when working with such patients and their families.

OVERVIEW OF THE SUPPORT SYSTEM OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FCC: FAMILY, NURSE, AND THE HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT

The concept of family-centered care (FCC) in nursing practice, the attentive treatment of families, the dissemination of information to families in order to understand the condition and treatment, and including participation of parents in decision-making and treatment through cooperation of parents and nurses. Environmental support for hospital is needed in the deployment of FCC services. The aim of this study was to describe Family-Centered Care: Family, Nurse and Hospital Environment in RS. Dustira Kindergarten II. This study is a descriptive quantitative study conducted in July 2019, including 22 nurses and 37 children's parents in the inpatient unit with a total sampling technique. Analysis of information using questionnaires and analysis of data using frequency distribution. This study shows that family-centered care services based on support to parents showed that all parents (86.5 %) got good support. Services Family-Centered Review purpose on the role of nurses showed that all nurses (95.5 %) responded well and how more than half of the respondents (54.1 %) perceived family-Centered Care as a supportive environment. Supposed to support the harmony among households, nurses and hospitals is expected to create a family-centered care service (FCC). The hospital needs to improve facilities for enhanced comfort and healing of hospitalized children.

OVERVIEW OF THE UNIQUE HEALTH SYSTEM (SUS):

The Unified Health System has a network of teaching and research institutions such as universities, institutes and schools of public health that interact with state and municipal secretariats, the ministry of health, agencies and foundations. Primary Care is the main gateway to the SUS, starting with welcoming, listening and offering solutions to most health problems of the population, minimizing damage and suffering, aiming at the effectiveness of care, ensuring its completeness. SUS offers users the Hospital Care service of medium and high complexity. The objective of this study was to emphasize the importance of organizing the Unified Health System, highlighting Primary Care, Family Health Strategy and NASF, aiming at preventing health problems for the population. The results observed through bibliographic studies were the importance of adopting prevention strategies to minimize or avoid the individual's illness. It was concluded that the organization of the health system from Primary Care to Hospital Care is extremely important, emphasizing the need to seek preventive strategies adopted by the teams to prevent diseases, minimizing the need for hospital admissions, and providing quality of life to population.

Çocuk Hastalara Uygulanan Fekal Mikrobiyota Transplantasyonuna Yönelik Hemşirelik Yaklaşımı

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is the process of taking stool from a healthy donor and placing it in the gastrointestinal tract of the sick individual. Today, it has been seen that FMT is mostly used for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection. Depending on the child’s condition, physician preferences, and/or protocol requirements, the route of administration in the FMT procedure can be oral capsule, upper or lower gastrointestinal route. Detailed information about FMT, including all aspects of the process, needs to be provided in writing to children, families and donors. Pediatric nurses should plan the individualized care process with a holistic approach based on child-centered care, family-centered care, atraumatic care models in the management of the FMT process. It is the nurse’s responsibility to increase the child’s comfort, protect his privacy, and prevent complications that may arise in the child. Because the FMT procedure is a specific application, nurses need to have detailed information about a qualified nursing process. In this review, the topics of microbiota, FMT and the nursing process before, during and after the procedure are discussed. Keywords: Child, fecal microbiota transplantation, nursing, pediatrics

Women's Home Office

The study investigated the implications for women from the coast of Paraná, Brazilin regard to the home office in life, family, and work during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted on 20 women, and 3 (three) categories of analysis were taken into consideration: woman, family, and work. For data analysis, the content of Bardin analysis technique was used. The study revealed that the imposition of the home office brought new challenges for women to reconcile home care, family, and work, which caused an overload of responsibilities leading to fatigue due to the multiple tasks performed; as well as the lack of preparation of companies to adopt the modality, which results in an environment that hinders the performance of their functions and affects the quality of life of workers.

Jordanian Patients’ Family Members Need Perceptions in the Critical Care Settings: Nurses’ Perspectives versus Family Members’ Perspectives in the Context of Health Informatics

Background. An unexpected hospitalization in any of the Critical Care Units (CCUs) is a stressful condition, not only for patients but also for other family members. Research in this field in Jordan is not available. The main objective of this study was to identify the most important needs as perceived by these family members in the light of this stressful event and compare them with the nurses’ perceptions of the importance of these needs and also to determine the perception of the needs’ importance with the sociodemographic characteristics of both family members and caring nurses. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the period between February and August 2020 among adult family members of patients admitted to the CCUs in hospitals of Jordan from all sectors (public, private, and teaching). The “Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI)” questionnaire was administered to 82 family members and 99 CCU nurses to determine the importance of the needs on the inventory. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results. The most important need identified by the family members was relevant to the need for proximity (3.64 ± 0.45), followed by information (3.57 ± 0.58), assurance (3.44 ± 0.43), support (3.31 ± 0.62), and comfort (3.21 ± 0.56). Nurses identified the needs for assurance as the highest, followed by information, comfort, and support, whereas proximity was the least need perceived as very important. The top 10 important needs for both family members and nurses were identified. Family members and nurses were only common in 2 of the need statements on the scale. There was no significant association between the sociodemographic characteristics of the sample and the perception of the needs’ importance ( p = 0.05 ). Conclusion. This study has shown that nurses and family members of patients admitted to CCUs have different perspectives relevant to needs’ importance. This should warn nurses to set the needs viewed by family members as a priority. Implications. In the CCU settings, in the context of advancing health informatics, families of patients in the ICUs have different needs other than those viewed by nurses. Their needs must be identified and considered.

Study of Factors Influencing Medical, Psychological and Pedagogical Rehabilitation Efficacy in Preschool Children with Hearing Disorders

Objective. The aim of the study is to identify the most significant factors influencing the audio-verbal rehabilitation outcomes in preschool children.Methods. The study included 104 children, 3–7 years of age, with hearing loss who underwent course of audioverbal rehabilitation in audiology center: 50 children after cochlear implantation, 51 children with hearing aids, 3 children without hearing care. The following data was collected at the beginning of the course: gender, type and degree of hearing loss, comorbidities, method and age of hearing care, family structure, preschool organization type. The scale of social and psychological diagnostics was filled in. The dynamics of indicators were estimated at the end of the course. The overall result was rated as high, good, medium or low. Correlations between clinical, audiological, social, psychological data and different rehabilitation outcomes were estimated.Results. Degree and type of hearing loss, method of hearing care, gender, age, and social aspects do not affect the rehabilitation outcomes. Hearing aid was performed before 3 years of age in 67% of children, and after 3 years of age in 33% of children in the group with high and good results. Hearing aid was performed after 3 years of age in 61% of children, and before 3 years of age in 39% of children in the group with medium and low results (p < 0.01). Burdened anamnesis and comorbidity was determined in 28% of children with high/good outcomes and in 59% of children with medium/low outcomes (p < 0.01). Children with medium results rarely have previous audiology therapy, 43.8% of cases (p < 0.01). Children with medium and low outcomes have statistically worse score according to the scale of social and psychological diagnostics (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively).Conclusion. High results of audio-verbal rehabilitation in preschool children can be predicted by the age of primary hearing care (before 3 years of age), absence of comorbidities, previous audiology therapy, score at the scale of social and psychological diagnostics less than 17 points.

The Emergence of Planetary Pediatrics

Pediatrics has witnessed an evolution from primary care, family-centered care, community pediatrics, social pediatrics and global pediatrics, which has shifted our attention beyond the clinic setting to an appreciation of children in their lived environment. We are witnessing the emergence of planetary pediatrics that further broadens the focus of children’s health to include the continued importance of clinical care, but also the impacts of climate change, environmental degradation, child migration, unrelenting war and conflict, social injustice, pandemics and violence against children. If we do not acknowledge the present and ever-increasing adverse planetary changes of what children are experiencing now and in the future, we will have failed to adequately protect them from impending catastrophes. The hope of pediatrics for the future is to improve the health and well-being of all children. This hope remains as relevant today as it was for our predecessors and serves as a beacon for the voyage through the remainder of the twenty-first century.

How nurses support family caregivers in the complex context of end-of-life home care: a qualitative study

Background Family caregivers are crucial in providing end-of-life care at home. Without their care, it would be difficult for many patients to die at home. In addition to providing care, family caregivers also need support for themselves. Nurses could play an important role in supporting family caregivers, but little is known about if and how they do so. The aim of this study is to explore how nurses currently approach and support family caregivers in end-of-life home care and which factors influence their support of family caregivers. Methods Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 14 nurses from nine home care organisations in the Netherlands, in 2018. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Results We identified two underlying nursing perspectives on supporting family caregivers: an instrumental perspective (seeing family caregivers mostly as collaborative partners in care) and a relational perspective (seeing family caregivers as both providing and needing support). All the interviewed nurses stated that they pay attention to family caregivers’ needs. The activities mentioned most often were: identification of support needs, practical education, support in decision-making about the patient’s treatment, emotional support, and organising respite care, such as night care, to relieve the family caregiver. The provision of support is usually based on intuition and experience, rather than on a systematic approach. Besides, nurses reported different factors at the individual, organisational and societal levels that influenced their support of family caregivers, such as their knowledge and experience, the way in which care is organised, and laws and regulations. Conclusions Nurses tend to address family caregivers’ needs, but such care was affected by various factors at different levels. There is a risk that nursing support does not meet family caregivers’ needs. A more reflective approach is needed and evidence-based needs assessment tools may help nurses to systematically assess family caregivers’ needs and to provide appropriate support.