Effects of simulated grazing on different genotypes of Bouteloua gracilis : how important is morphology?

Oecologia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kotanen ◽  
J. Bergelson
Keyword(s):  
Bouteloua Gracilis ◽  
Simulated Grazing

Effects of Simulated Grazing by Below-Ground Herbivores on Growth, CO 2 Exchange, and Carbon Allocation Patterns of Bouteloua gracilis

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Detling ◽  
D. T. Winn ◽  
C. Procter-Gregg ◽  
E. L. Painter
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Bouteloua Gracilis ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Simulated Grazing

Net photosynthesis, root respiration, and regrowth of Bouteloua gracilis following simulated grazing

Oecologia ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Detling ◽  
M. I. Dyer ◽  
D. T. Winn
Keyword(s):  
Root Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Bouteloua Gracilis ◽  
Simulated Grazing

DIETS OF THREE COMMON GRASSHOPPERS (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) INHABITING DESERT GRASSLAND

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Pfadt ◽  
J. A. Lockwood ◽  
T. M. Foppe
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bouteloua Gracilis ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Desert Grassland ◽  
Grasshopper Species ◽  
Erodium Cicutarium ◽  
A Site

AbstractExamination of crop contents of three species of grasshoppers in outbreak densities on desert grassland of eastern Arizona revealed that all three were ingesting a mixed diet of plants. Crops of nymphal and adult Aulocara elliotti (Thomas) contained an average of 67 and 93% dry weight of grass, respectively, placing this species in both the mixed graminivorous and the graminivorous categories. The preferred host plant of A. elliotti was Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. but it was not an essential item, as a large population developed in a site where this grass was virtually lacking but other perennial grasses were present. Crops of nymphs and adults of both Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius) and M. cuneatus Scudder contained chiefly forbs (88–100% of dry weight). The principal host plants were Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Hér., Lupinus brevicaulis Wats., Microsteris gracilis (Hook.) Greene, and Plantago purshii Roem. & Schult. Both species of Melanoplus fit into the forbivorous category and evidence indicated they were in competition with each other for food. All three grasshopper species showed preferences for particular plant species and as a consequence had significantly different frequencies of plant taxa in their crop contents from what were present in the field.

The response of pygmy bluetongue lizards to simulated grazing in the field during three drought years

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Pettigrew ◽  
C. Michael Bull
Keyword(s):  
Prey Availability ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Simulated Grazing ◽  
Complex Relationships

Context Grazing by domestic stock can directly influence and shape the functions of an ecosystem. Most remaining remnant native grasslands in Australia are under some form of grazing management, with some possible adverse impacts for endemic grassland biota. For the endangered pygmy bluetongue lizard (Tiliqua adelaidensis), grazing of its remnant native grassland habitat has been seen as a potential conservation threat. Aim We aimed to investigate whether lizards altered their basking and foraging behaviour as a response to simulated grazing of the grassland habitat surrounding their burrows. Methods We used field manipulations over 3 years event by manually removing above-ground vegetation in 1 m2 around occupied lizard burrows, to simulate intense grazing events. We video-recorded lizard responses to these manipulations. We filmed lizards before and after the simulated grazing event and monitored basking and foraging response. We also simultaneously filmed a control group of lizards that were not exposed to a simulated grazing event. Key results Although overall time spent basking did not differ between treatment and control groups, the lizards spent more of their basking time completely emerged (bold basking) in the grazing treatment, suggesting they changed behaviour after simulated grazing. Perhaps they were more confident of evading predators that they could more clearly see approaching. In one season lizards made more attempts to catch prey in the grazed treatment than in a control treatment following the treatment, suggesting that grazing might enhance visibility for the ambush predation method that these lizards use. Conclusions The results suggest that grazing may produce some benefits for lizards already established in burrows. This contrasts with some previous results and suggests that management of grazing regimes requires careful consideration of the conditions currently prevalent. In this case, the study was conducted during a drought period, and different results might have emerged in higher rainfall years. Implications Grazing management for lizard conservation requires detailed understanding of the complex relationships among lizard behaviour, vegetation cover and invertebrate prey availability.

REDUCING NITRATE LOSSES FROM SIMULATED GRAZING ON GRASSLAND LYSIMETERS IN IRELAND USING A NITRIFICATION INHIBITOR (DICYANDIAMIDE)

2012 ◽  
Vol 112B (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Dennis ◽  
Keith C. Cameron ◽  
Hong J. Di ◽  
Jim L. Moir ◽  
Vincent Staples ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Nitrate Losses ◽  
Simulated Grazing

scholarly journals Silicon uptake by a pasture grass experiencing simulated grazing is greatest under elevated precipitation

BMC Ecology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. W. Ryalls ◽  
Ben D. Moore ◽  
Scott N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Silicon Uptake ◽  
Simulated Grazing

Effects of Grazing on Abundance and Distribution of Shortgrass Steppe Consumers

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Milchunas ◽  
William K. Lauenroth
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bouteloua Gracilis ◽  
Shortgrass Steppe ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Grazing Effects

Although livestock are the most obvious consumers on the shortgrass steppe, they are certainly not the only consumers. However, livestock may influence the other consumers in a number of different ways. They may directly compete for food resources with other aboveground herbivores. There is behavioral interference between livestock and some species of wildlife (Roberts and Becker, 1982), but not others (Austin and Urness, 1986). The removal of biomass by livestock alters canopy structure (physiognomy) and influences microclimate. Bird, small-mammal, and insect species can be variously sensitive to these structural alterations (Brown, 1973; Cody, 1985; MacArthur, 1965; Morris, 1973; Rosenzweig et al., 1975; Wiens, 1969). There are both short- and long-term effects of grazing on plant community species composition, primary production, and plant tissue quality. Belowground consumers can also be affected by the effects of grazing on soil water infiltration, nutrient cycling, carbon allocation patterns of plants, litter accumulation, and soil temperature. The overall effects of livestock on a particular component of the native fauna can be negative or can be positive through facilitative relationships (Gordon, 1988). In this chapter we assess the effects of cattle grazing on other above- and belowground consumers, on the diversity and relative sensitivity of these groups of organisms, and on their trophic structure. We first present some brief background information on plant communities of the shortgrass steppe and on the long-term grazing treatments in which many of the studies reported herein were conducted. Details on the plant communities are presented by Lauenroth in chapter 5 (this volume), grazing effects on plant communities by Milchunas et al. in chapter 16 (this volume); and grazing effects on nutrient distributions and cycling by Burke et al. in chapter 13 (this volume). The physiognomy of the shortgrass steppe is indicated in its name. The dominant grasses (Bouteloua gracilis and Buchloë dactyloides), forb (Sphaeralcea coccinea), and carex (Carex eleocharis) have the majority of their leaf biomass within 10 cm of the ground surface. A number of less abundant midheight grasses and dwarf shrubs are sparsely interspersed among the short vegetation, but usually much of their biomass is within 25 cm of the g round. Basal cover of vegetation typically totals 25% to 35%, and is greater in long-term grazed than in ungrazed grassland. Bare ground (more frequent on grazed sites) and litter-covered ground (more frequent on ungrazed sites) comprise the remainder of the soil surface (Milchunas et al., 1989).

A CYTOLOGICAL STUDY OF BOUTELOUA GRACILIS FROM WESTERN TEXAS AND EASTERN NEW MEXICO

1953 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 702-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Snyder ◽  
J. R. Harlan
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Bouteloua Gracilis

Slope, aspect, and slope position as factors controlling grassland communities in the coulees of the Oldman River, Alberta

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1371-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Lieffers ◽  
P. A. Larkin-Lieffers
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Bouteloua Gracilis ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Artemisia Frigida ◽  
Energy Aspect ◽  
Koeleria Macrantha ◽  
Stipa Comata ◽  
Direct Ordination ◽  
Oldman River

Vegetation and environmental variables were examined in some coulees of the Oldman River near Lethbridge, Alta. Principal components analysis of environmental variables indicated that solar energy, aspect, soil Mg2+, [Formula: see text], and moisture were related to the first axis of variation. Slope position, soil [Formula: see text], moisture, K+, [Formula: see text], and amount of bare ground were related to a second axis of variation. There was a large range in species diversity among plots; most diverse plots were on north-facing slopes. Direct ordination of vegetation data indicated that slope position and aspect were most important in describing distribution of species. Koeleria macrantha, Bouteloua gracilis, Stipa comata, and Artemisia frigida were found on most coulee positions. Hymenoxys richardsonii, Machaeranthera grindeloides, Astragalus spatulatus, and Eriogonum flavum were mostly restricted to summit and upper slope positions. Anemone patens, Geum triflorum, Thermopsis rhombifolia, and others were most abundant on north- and east-facing slopes. Fewer species (e.g., the C4 Aristida longiseta and the cactus Coryphantha vivipara) were mostly confined to south-facing positions.

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