Prospect of low-cost energy conservation in residential energy consumption

The energy sector of trinidad and tobago (T&T), with its nationally determined contributions (NDCs), is still struggling for its place in mainstream academic literature. The review paper aims to identify the prospects of low-cost energy conservation measures in the residential sector of T&T. The review follows a four-step review methodology to serve as a basis for creating policy and practice guidelines. First, review articles are checked for their quality on a 5-point scale on the mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) to check the quality of review articles. Second, Microsoft Excel, R (RQDA) package, and Voyant tools have been used to index code, analyse, and visualise data. The research trends on small islands developing states (SIDS) energy aspect in general and T&T specifically highlight the critical role of energy challenges related to economic and social development, emphasising technology, infrastructure development, and funds availability. Awareness of low-cost energy conservation measures has a high prospect in reducing residential consumption and balancing demand-side management. This paper contributes to facilitating policy direction on energy efficiency and energy conservation for T&T and other SIDS.

Role and Factors of Solar Façades Shaping in Contemporary Architecture

The article deals with the issue of solar facades as the main external walls of a building, adapted to make use of solar energy. The aim of the article is to define the role of the facades and the factors that influence shaping thereof. The goal is of cognitive nature, whereas its implementation may contribute to strengthening the relationship between presumptions related to energy and architecture in the design of buildings. The need for the article results from the necessity to search for a possible balance between technical and humanistic spheres while shaping contemporary pro-ecological architecture, especially one aimed at receiving solar energy as a renewable energy source. In the article, both analytical and comparative methods are applied. The research was conducted on the example of four designs with solar facades of different characteristics, including two buildings planned by the author. The research results are observations that define relationship between the energy-related role of solar facades and urban, functional and aesthetic issues. These observations lead to the conclusion that the energy aspect, is not the only one to be considered while shaping solar facades in contemporary architecture. The solar facade combines both functional and artistic features.

Methodology for Efficient Bitumen Storage with Reduced Energy Consumption

This paper studies the possibility of minimizing energy consumption during 35/50 bitumen storage. Similarly to most bitumen companies, the company with which we collaborated uses fossil fuel to maintain bitumen tanks at 150 °C. The main objective is to optimize energy usage. To achieve this purpose, we tested two new storage processes. One is based on dynamic temperature storage between 140 and 160 °C, and the other on room temperature conditions. This work evaluates the effect of these storage conditions on the quality of 35/50 bitumen, and studies the energy aspect to calculate the energy profit for every storage method. After storage, we have studied short-term and long-term ageing using the Rolling Thin Film Oven (RTFOT) and the Pressure Ageing Vessel (PAV) tests, respectively. We characterized the samples using needle penetration at 25 °C, the softening point, and Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. We observed that the change in physical properties is negligible after the tested storage processes. Chemically, both the storage conditions affected the oxidative behavior acceptably; the carbonyl index was the same in the long term. We conclude that we can store 35/50 bitumen at room temperature conditions, which follow us to save more than three times the energy needs compared to the standard configurations.

Energy Aspect of Ukrainian-Russian Conflict of the End of XX and the XXI Centuries

The article deals with bilateral Russia and Ukraine power relations, urgent questions of their cooperation and form of realization of large Russia foreign economic projects. The separation of bilateral Ukrainian-Russian relations in the energy sector is quite conditional, the authors have studied. Because they are objectively inscribed in the relations of both countries with a third party – first of all, European countries as consumers of energy resources transported through the territory of Ukraine. Thus, both from the point of view of the technological chain (producer-transit-consumer) and from the economic point of view (seller-provider of transportation services-buyer), these relations should be considered in a tripartite format. It tries to determine possible threats of Ukraine’s national security in the context of Russia foreign power strategy realization. Ukrainian-Russian relations in the energy sector are quite dynamic, but cannot be assessed unambiguously due to the presence of a combination of positive and negative factors and trends. They largely depend on the general state of relations between the two capitals, and sometimes have a decisive influence on them. It has been investigated that the weaknesses of the Ukrainian energy sector since independence in 1991 shed light on the fundamental link between energy security and national security. From the point of view of global energy processes, one should take into account the favorable geopolitical and geographical position of Ukraine and its related role as a transit state. The integration of the Ukrainian energy system into the European one is a component of Ukraine’s strategic goal of joining the EU. Ukraine has a sufficiently strong and developed gas, oil and electricity networks, connected to the transport networks of the EU and CIS countries: Russia, Moldova, Belarus, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, which allows it to participate in the formation of European energy policy and common energy market, play an important role in energy cooperation between the CIS and the EU.

Theoretical and methodological approaches to understanding the concepts of "vitality" and "subjective vitality" in the framework of the conceptual model for the development of subjective vitality of the heads of internal affairs bodies

Today, the definition of “subjective vitality” is interpreted in many research works as the experience of a person being full of energy, the vital forces available to her. Therefore, there is a need to consider the relationship and difference in the scientific understanding and development of such ends as “life force” and “subjective vitality”. The concept of “life force”, used in modern literature, is devoid of both a supernatural character and the functions of a natural science fact. The energy aspect of human functioning is more developed in our opinion in psychological research than in philosophical and natural sciences. For the first time, a description of the energetic component of a personality in line with psychology is found in works performed in line with a psychoanalytic direction. In the dynamic psychology of K. Levin, an approach to the energy component of the personality is described. E. Byrne believed that human energy can be directed inward, towards himself, and outward. From the perspective of describing the nature of vital energy, V. Reich's approach has been developed. According to A. Lowen, a single energy, enclosed in the body, manifests itself both in psychic phenomena and in movements; this energy is bioenergy. In the work of practical psychologists, one can find a difference in understanding of vital energy and energy.