REDUCING NITRATE LOSSES FROM SIMULATED GRAZING ON GRASSLAND LYSIMETERS IN IRELAND USING A NITRIFICATION INHIBITOR (DICYANDIAMIDE)

2012 ◽  
Vol 112B (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Dennis ◽  
Keith C. Cameron ◽  
Hong J. Di ◽  
Jim L. Moir ◽  
Vincent Staples ◽  
...  

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Dennis ◽  
Keith C. Cameron ◽  
Hong J. Di ◽  
Jim L. Moir ◽  
Vincent Staples ◽  
...  


2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Espinosa C. ◽  
José Marrugo ◽  
María Hurtado S. ◽  
Sony Reza G.

<p>Las pérdidas de nitrógeno a partir de la nitrificación de las fertilizaciones nitrogenadas generan contaminación por las emisiones de óxido nitroso y lixiviación de nitrato. Los reportes de <em>Brachiaria </em>como inhibidor biológico de la nitrificación fueron evaluados al determinar las pérdidas de nitrato de <em>Brachiaria humidicola </em>CIAT 679 (planta indicadora de inhibición biológica de nitrificación) y <em>Panicum maximum </em>cv. tanzania (planta no inhibidora). Para la producción de nitrato se empleó la técnica de suelo incubado y para las pérdidas de nitrato se emplearon resinas de intercambio iónico PRSTM Probes. Los tratamientos de fertilización nitrogenada fueron de 0, 150 y 300 kg ha-1 por año; las resinas se instalaron a tres profundidades en el suelo, los análisis de laboratorio se realizaron mediante espectroscopía de ultravioleta visible con longitud de onda de 410 nm para nitrato. <em>B. humidicola </em>redujo las producciones de nitrato en el suelo y las dosis de nitrógeno no generaron variaciones en las producciones, lo que evidenció un efecto en la inhibición de la nitrificación. Las pérdidas de nitrato, se redujeron después de 18 meses en la <em>B. humidicola; </em>y para <em>P. maximum </em>puede evitar las pérdidas de nitrato por su habilidad de tomar el nitrógeno en forma amoniacal del suelo, pero no reduce la producción de nitrato, ya que no inhibe la nitrificación. Los suelos dedicados a la producción ganadera con la pastura <em>B. humidicola </em>pueden reducir las producciones y las pérdidas de nitrato. <em>P. maximum</em>, por su habilidad y buena respuesta a la fertilización nitrogenada pudo reducir las pérdidas, pero no logró reducir las producciones de nitrato. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Production and loss of nitrate in <em>Brachiaria humidicola </em>and <em>Panicum maximum </em>in the Sinu river valley</strong></p><p>Nitrogen loss, from the nitrification of nitrogen fertilizer, creates pollution through nitrous oxide emissions and nitrate leaching. The reports on <em>Brachiaria </em>as a biological nitrification inhibitor were evaluated to determine nitrate losses of <em>Brachiaria humidicola </em>CIAT 679 (indicator plant for biological nitrification inhibition) and <em>Panicum maximum </em>cv. tanzania (non-inhibiting plant). The incubated soil technique was used for the production of nitrate and for losses of nitrate, ion exchange PRSTM Probes resins were used. The nitrogen treatments were 0, 150 and 300 kg ha-1 per year, the resins were installed at three depths in the soil, laboratory analysis was performed using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy with a wavelength of 410 nm for nitrate. <em>B. humidicola </em>reduced outputs of nitrate in the soil and the nitrogen doses did not generate variations in production, which showed an effect on the inhibition of nitrification. Nitrate losses were reduced after 18 months in <em>B. humidicola</em>, and <em>P. maximum </em>can avoid nitrate losses with its ability to take nitrogen from the soil in an ammonia form, but does not reduce nitrate production, and does not inhibit nitrification. In cattle pasture soils, <em>B. humidicola </em>can reduce nitrate production and loss. <em>P. maximum </em>with its ability and good response to nitrogenated fertilization could have reduced losses, but failed to reduce nitrate production. </p>



2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 243-247
Author(s):  
L.T. Aalders ◽  
N.L. Bell

Use of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) on New Zealand dairy farms is increasing in an attempt to minimise nitrate losses to ground water from urine patches To study the impact of DCD on soil nematodes samples were collected from a field trial in Waikato where 27 kg/ha was applied on 11 occasions over 12 months and total nematodes and the nematode community analysed Of the nematode families genera and indices calculated only populations of plantfeeding Pratylenchus (lesion) nematodes were significantly different between DCD treated and untreated plots These results suggest that frequent small applications of DCD over a single year had no major effect on the nematode community from bulk soil



1976 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Boswell ◽  
L. R. Nelson ◽  
M. J. Bitzer


1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy G. Love ◽  
Mary E. Rust ◽  
Kathy C. Terlesky

An anaerobic enrichment culture was developed from an anoxic/anaerobic/aerobic activated sludge sequencing batch reactor using methyl ethyl ketoxime (MEKO), a potent nitrification inhibitor, as the sole carbon and energy source in the absence of molecular oxygen and nitrate. The enrichment culture was gradually fed decreasing amounts of biogenic organic compounds and increasing concentrations of MEKO over 23 days until the cultures metabolized the oxime as the sole carbon source; the cultures were maintained for an additional 41 days on MEKO alone. Turbidity stabilized at approximately 100 mg/l total suspended solids. Growth on selective media plates confirmed that the microorganisms were utilizing the MEKO as the sole carbon and energy source. The time frame required for growth indicated that the kinetics for MEKO degradation are slow. A batch test indicated that dissolved organic carbon decreased at a rate comparable to MEKO consumption, while sulfate was not consumed. The nature of the electron acceptor in anaerobic MEKO metabolism is unclear, but it is hypothesized that the MEKO is hydrolyzed intracellularly to form methyl ethyl ketone and hydroxylamine which serve as electron donor and electron acceptor, respectively.



Author(s):  
Martin Mittermayer ◽  
August Gilg ◽  
Franz-Xaver Maidl ◽  
Ludwig Nätscher ◽  
Kurt-Jürgen Hülsbergen

AbstractIn this study, site-specific N balances were calculated for a 13.1 ha heterogeneous field. Yields and N uptake as input data for N balances were determined with data from a combine harvester, reflectance measurements from satellites and tractor-mounted sensors. The correlations between the measured grain yields and yields determined by digital methods were moderate. The calculated values for the N surpluses had a wide range within the field. Nitrogen surpluses were calculated from − 76.4 to 91.3 kg ha−1, with a mean of 24.0 kg ha−1. The use of different data sources and data collection methods had an impact on the results of N balancing. The results show the need for further optimization and improvement in the accuracy of digital methods. The factors influencing N uptake and N surplus were determined by analysing soil properties of georeferenced soil samples. Soil properties showed considerable spatial variation within the field. Soil organic carbon correlated very strongly with total nitrogen content (r = 0.97), moderately with N uptake (sensor, r = 0.60) and negatively with N surplus (satellite, r = − 0.46; sensor, r = − 0.56; harvester, r = − 0.60). Nitrate content was analysed in soil cores (0 to 9 m) taken in different yield zones, and compared with the calculated N surplus; there was a strong correlation between the measured nitrate content and calculated N surplus (r = 0.82). Site-specific N balancing can contribute to a more precise identification of the risk of nitrate losses and the development of targeted nitrate reduction strategies.



1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
YADVINDER SINGH ◽  
E. G. BEAUCHAMP

Two laboratory incubation experiments were conducted to determine the effect of initial soil water potential on the transformation of urea in large granules to nitrite and nitrate. In the first experiment two soils varying in initial soil water potentials (− 70 and − 140 kPa) were incubated with 2 g urea granules with and without a nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide) at 15 °C for 35 d. Only a trace of [Formula: see text] accumulated in a Brookston clay (pH 6.0) during the transformation of urea in 2 g granules. Accumulation of [Formula: see text] was also small (4–6 μg N g−1) in Conestogo silt loam (pH 7.6). Incorporation of dicyandiamide (DCD) into the urea granule at 50 g kg−1 urea significantly reduced the accumulation of [Formula: see text] in this soil. The relative rate of nitrification in the absence of DCD at −140 kPa water potential was 63.5% of that at −70 kPa (average of two soils). DCD reduced the nitrification of urea in 2 g granules by 85% during the 35-d period. In the second experiment a uniform layer of 2 g urea was placed in the center of 20-cm-long cores of Conestogo silt loam with three initial water potentials (−35, −60 and −120 kPa) and the soil was incubated at 15 °C for 45 d. The rate of urea hydrolysis was lowest at −120 kPa and greatest at −35 kPa. Soil pH in the vicinity of the urea layer increased from 7.6 to 9.1 and [Formula: see text] concentration was greater than 3000 μg g−1 soil. There were no significant differences in pH or [Formula: see text] concentration with the three soil water potential treatments at the 10th day of the incubation period. But, in the latter part of the incubation period, pH and [Formula: see text] concentration decreased with increasing soil water potential due to a higher rate of nitrification. Diffusion of various N species including [Formula: see text] was probably greater with the highest water potential treatment. Only small quantities of [Formula: see text] accumulated during nitrification of urea – N. Nitrification of urea increased with increasing water potential. After 35 d of incubation, 19.3, 15.4 and 8.9% of the applied urea had apparently nitrified at −35, −60 and −120 kPa, respectively. Nitrifier activity was completely inhibited in the 0- to 2-cm zone near the urea layer for 35 days. Nitrifier activity increased from an initial level of 8.5 to 73 μg [Formula: see text] in the 3- to 7-cm zone over the 35-d period. Nitrifier activity also increased with increasing soil water potential. Key words: Urea transformation, nitrification, water potential, large granules, nitrifier activity, [Formula: see text] production



2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2605
Author(s):  
Giacomo Ferretti ◽  
Giulio Galamini ◽  
Evi Deltedesco ◽  
Markus Gorfer ◽  
Jennifer Fritz ◽  
...  

Using zeolite-rich tuffs for improving soil properties and crop N-use efficiency is becoming popular. However, the mechanistic understanding of their influence on soil N-processes is still poor. This paper aims to shed new light on how natural and NH4+-enriched chabazite zeolites alter short-term N-ammonification and nitrification rates with and without the use of nitrification inhibitor (DMPP). We employed the 15N pool dilution technique to determine short-term gross rates of ammonification and nitrification in a silty-clay soil amended with two typologies of chabazite-rich tuff: (1) at natural state and (2) enriched with NH4+-N from an animal slurry. Archaeal and bacterial amoA, nirS and nosZ genes, N2O-N and CO2-C emissions were also evaluated. The results showed modest short-term effects of chabazite at natural state only on nitrate production rates, which was slightly delayed compared to the unamended soil. On the other hand, the addition of NH4+-enriched chabazite stimulated NH4+-N production, N2O-N emissions, but reduced NO3−-N production and abundance of nirS-nosZ genes. DMPP efficiency in reducing nitrification rates was dependent on N addition but not affected by the two typologies of zeolites tested. The outcomes of this study indicated the good compatibility of both natural and NH4+-enriched chabazite zeolite with DMPP. In particular, the application of NH4+-enriched zeolites with DMPP is recommended to mitigate short-term N losses.



2019 ◽  
Vol 436 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 253-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaonan Zhang ◽  
Yufang Lu ◽  
Ting Yang ◽  
Herbert J. Kronzucker ◽  
Weiming Shi


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