Variations in thermal state revealed by the geochemistry of fumarolic gases and hot-spring waters of the Tateyama volcanic hydrothermal system, Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Seki ◽  
Takeshi Ohba ◽  
Shinnosuke Aoyama ◽  
Yuichiro Ueno ◽  
Hirochika Sumino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Fumarolic Gases

scholarly journals Temporal and Seasonal Variations of the Hot Spring Basin Hydrothermal System, Yellowstone National Park, USA

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 6587-6610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Jaworowski ◽  
Henry Heasler ◽  
Christopher Neale ◽  
Sivarajan Saravanan ◽  
Ashish Masih
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
National Park ◽  
Hot Spring

Geochemical evidence of volcanic plumbing system processes from fumarolic gases and diffuse CO2 degassing of Taal volcano, Philippines, prior to the January 2020 eruption 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro A. Hernández ◽  
Gladys Melian ◽  
María Asensio-Ramos ◽  
Eleazar Padron ◽  
Hirochicka Sumino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Taal Volcano ◽  
Magmatic Intrusion ◽  
Volcanic Plumbing System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fumarolic Gases ◽  
Co2 Degassing ◽  
Increasing Trends

<p>Significant temporal variations in the chemical and isotopic composition of Taal fumarolic gas as well as in diffuse CO<sub>2</sub> emission from Taal Main Crater Lake (TMLC) have been observed across the ~12 years of geochemical monitoring (Arpa et al., 2013; Hernández et a., 2017), with significant high CO<sub>2 </sub>degassing rates, typical of plume degassing volcanoes, measured in 2011 and 2017. In addition to these CO<sub>2</sub> surveys at the TCML, soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux continuous monitoring was implemented at Taal volcano since 2016 and a clear increasing trend of the soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux in 2017 was also observed. Increasing trends on the fumarolic CO<sub>2</sub>/St, He/CO<sub>2</sub>, CO/CO<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> ratios were recorded during the period 2010-2011 whereas increasing SO<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>S, H<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> ratios were recorded during the period 2017-2018. A decreasing on the CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>/St ratios was observed for 2017-2018. These changes are attributed to an increased contribution of magmatic fluids to the hydrothermal system in both periods. Observed changes in H<sub>2</sub> and CO contents suggest increases in temperature and pressure in the upper parts of the hydrothermal system of Taal volcano. The <sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He ratios corrected (Rc/Ra), and δ<sup>13</sup>C of fumarolic gases also increased during the periods 2010-2011 and 2017-2018 before the eruption onset. During this study, diffuse CO<sub>2</sub> emission values measured at TMCL showed a wide range of values from >0.5 g m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> up to 84,902 g m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>. The observed relatively high and anomalous diffuse CO<sub>2</sub> emission rate across the ~12 years reached values of 4,670 ± 159 t d<sup>-1 </sup>on March 24, 2011, and 3,858 ± 584 t d<sup>-1</sup> on November 11, 2017. The average value of the soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux data measured by the geochemical station showed oscillations around background values until 14 March, 2017. Since then at 22:00 hours, a sharp increase of soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux from ~0.1 up to 1.1 kg m<sup>-2</sup> d<sup>-1</sup> was measured in 9 hours and continued to show a sustained increase in time up to 2.9 kg m<sup>-2</sup> d<sup>-1</sup> in 2 November, that represents the main long-term variation of the soil CO<sub>2</sub> emission time series. All the above variations might be produced by two episodes of magmatic intrusion which favored degassing of a gas-rich magma at depth. During the 2010-2011 the magmatic intrusion of volatile-rich magma might have occurred from the mid-crustal storage region at shallower depths producing important changes in pressure and temperature conditions, whereas a new injection of more degassed magma into the deepest zone of the hydrothermal system occurring in 2017-2018 might have favored the accumulation of gases in the subsurface, promoting conditions leading to a phreatic eruption. These geochemical observations are most simply explained by magma recharge to the system, and represent the earliest warning precursor signals to the January 2020 eruptive activity.</p><p>Arpa, M.C., et al., 2013. Bull. Volcanol. 75, 747. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-013-0747-9.</p><p>Hernández, P.A., et al.,  2017. Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ. 437:131–152. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP437.17.</p>

Noble gas and stable isotope geochemistry of thermal fluids from Deception Island, Antarctica

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Kusakabe ◽  
Keisuke Nagao ◽  
Takeshi Ohba ◽  
Jung Hun Seo ◽  
Sung-Hyun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Isotope Geochemistry ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Deception Island ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Thermal Fluids ◽  
Back Arc ◽  
Fumarolic Gas

AbstractNew stable isotope and noble gas data obtained from fumarolic and bubbling gases and hot spring waters sampled from Deception Island, Antarctica, were analysed to constrain the geochemical features of the island's active hydrothermal system and magmatism in the Bransfield back-arc basin. The 3He/4He ratios of the gases (< 9.8 × 10-6), which are slightly lower than typical MORB values, suggest that the Deception Island magma was generated in the mantle wedge of a MORB-type source but the signature was influenced by the addition of radiogenic 4He derived from subducted components in the former Phoenix Plate. The N2/He ratios of fumarolic gas are higher than those of typical mantle-derived gases suggesting that N2 was added during decomposition of sediments in the subducting slab. The δ13C values of -5 to -6‰ for CO2 also indicate degassing from a MORB-type mantle source. The H2/Ar- and SiO2 geothermometers indicate that the temperatures in the hydrothermal system below Deception Island range from ~150°C to ~300°C. The δD and δ18O values measured from fumarolic gas and hot spring waters do not indicate any contribution of magmatic water to the samples. The major ionic components and δD-δ18O-δ34S values indicate that hot spring waters are a mixture of local meteoric water and seawater. Mn and SiO2 in spring waters were enriched relative to seawater reflecting water-rock interaction at depth.

scholarly journals Uranium and Thorium Decay Series Isotopic Contraints on the Source and Residence Time of Solutes in the Yellowstone Hydrothermal System

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 187-207
Author(s):  
Timothy Moloney ◽  
Kenneth Sims ◽  
John Kaszuba
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
National Park ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluid ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluids ◽  
Geochemical Processes ◽  
Radium Isotope

Hydrothermal fluids in Yellowstone National Park have widely varying chemical composition. Heat and volatile flux from the hydrothermal system can be estimated by monitoring the composition and volume of emitted hydrothermal fluid, but the source of solutes in hydrothermal fluid is often nebulous and the geochemical processes that affect the nuclides are poorly understood. Measurements of 220Rn and 222Rn activity in hydrothermal fluids and of CO2 flux from fumaroles and hot springs were carried out in Yellowstone National Park during the summer of 2010. We observed a weak relationship between (220Rn/222Rn) and CO2 flux, which indicates that CO2 acts as a carrier gas to bring radon to the surface, but the radon is sourced from aquifer rocks rather than magma. If radon reaching the surface were sourced from magma below Yellowstone, there would be a stronger correlation between (220Rn/222Rn) and CO2 flux. Measurements of 223Ra, 224Ra, 226Ra, 228Ra, and major solute chemistry in hot spring waters support the hypothesis that the time scale of solute transport from the deep hydrothermal reservoir is long compared to the half lives of 220Rn and 222Rn, which are useful for processes operating on the time scale of 5 minutes to 20 days. Radium isotope activities in hot springs indicate that the solute transport time varies significantly from region to region, indicating that circulation in some areas operates on the time scale of 224Ra/223Ra (20-55 days) and circulation in other areas operates on the time scale of 228Ra/226Ra (25-1600 years). The radium isotope composition of hot spring water is also influenced by differences in regional aquifer rocks and geochemical processes such as sorption and mineral precipitation. In summary, geochemical and hydrothermal processes in Yellowstone operate on many different time scales and in diverse geologic conditions, but radionuclide activities possess excellent potential to study these complex phenomena.

scholarly journals The Origin of Geothermal Water Around Slamet Volcano - Paguyangan - Cipari, Central Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Sachrul Iswahyudi ◽  
Indra Permanajati ◽  
Rachmad Setijadi ◽  
Januar Aziz Zaenurrohman ◽  
Muhamad Afirudin Pamungkas
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Geochemical Analysis ◽  
Central Java

The existences of several hot springs between Slamet volcano, Paguyangan, and Cipari Districts raised questions regarding their origin. Several studies have been conducted related to the hydrothermal system at the location. Subsequent studies are needed to understand the hydrothermal system at the research site for the sustainability and conservation of geothermal natural resources. This research has reviewed several previous studies plus the latest information on the origin of hot spring water with the help of deuterium (2H) and 18O isotopes. This study used geochemical analysis of hot springs (geothermal) and local meteoric water to obtain information on isotope values. This was used for the interpretation of the origin of geothermal water. This study also used regional geological analysis methods for the interpretation of the mechanism for the emergence of these hot springs. The results of the analysis informed that the origin of hot water was local meteoric water. The geological structure was weak enough to allow water from the geothermal reservoir to reach the surface and meteoric water into the reservoir.

scholarly journals Behavior of magmatic components in fumarolic gases related to the 2018 phreatic eruption at Ebinokogen Ioyama volcano, Kirishima Volcanic Group, Kyushu, Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Ohba ◽  
Muga Yaguchi ◽  
Urumu Tsunogai ◽  
Masanori Ito ◽  
Ryo Shingubara
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spring ◽  
Equilibrium Temperature ◽  
Phreatic Eruption ◽  
Vapor Flux ◽  
High Enthalpy ◽  
Liquid Phases ◽  
Direct Sampling ◽  
Fumarolic Gases ◽  
Apparent Equilibrium ◽  
Fumarolic Gas

AbstractDirect sampling and analysis of fumarolic gas was conducted at Ebinokogen Ioyama volcano, Japan, between December 2015 and July 2020. Notable changes in the chemical composition of gases related to volcanic activity included a sharp increase in SO2 and H2 concentrations in May 2017 and March 2018. The analyses in March 2018 immediately preceded the April 2018 eruption at Ioyama volcano. The isotopic ratios of H2O in fumarolic gas revealed the process of formation. Up to 49% high-enthalpy magmatic vapor mixed with 51% of cold local meteoric water to generate coexisting vapor and liquid phases at 100–160 °C. Portions of the vapor and liquid phases were discharged as fumarolic gases and hot spring water, respectively. The CO2/SO2 ratio of the fumarolic gas was higher than that estimated for magmatic vapor due to SO2 hydrolysis during the formation of the vapor phase. When the flux of the magmatic vapor was high, effects of hydrolysis were small resulting in low CO2/SO2 ratios in fumarolic gases. The high apparent equilibrium temperature defined for reactions involving SO2, H2S, H2 and H2O, together with low CO2/SO2 and H2S /SO2 ratios were regarded to be precursor signals to the phreatic eruption at Ioyama volcano. The apparent equilibrium temperature increased rapidly in May 2017 and March 2018 suggesting an increased flux of magmatic vapor. Between September 2017 and January 2018, the apparent equilibrium temperature was low suggesting the suppression of magmatic vapor flux. During this period, magmatic eruptions took place at Shinmoedake volcano 5 km away from Ioyama volcano. We conclude that magma sealing and transport to Shinmoedake volcano occurred simultaneously in the magma chamber beneath Ioyama volcano.

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